Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are utilized to study the mechanical behavior of FeNiCrCoCu high-entropy alloys (HEA) during nanoimprint lithography with single-crystal, polycrystal, and ...nano-twinned polycrystal structures. The findings of MD simulations reveal that the microstructure and vibration parameters significantly impact the loading force, elastic recovery ratio, and deformation behavior of FeNiCrCoCu HEA. The imprinting force curve revealed that the maximum loading force is in reduced order with single-crystal, nano-twinned (NT) polycrystal, and polycrystalline structures. With the polycrystalline structure, an inverse Hall-Petch relationship is observed when the grain size varies from 5.1 nm to 9.8 nm. Grain boundary (GB) plays an important role in softening material; the splitting of grains, the migration of the GBs, and grain rotation are the main deformation mechanisms of this region. For NT polycrystals, the stability of material can be enhanced due to the existence of twin boundaries (TB), and the migration of TB is explored near the imprinted region. With polycrystalline structure, the best formability is observed for specimens with a grain size of 9.8 nm, where the average elastic recovery ratio is the smallest, and the forming shape at this grain size is the best. The mold angle of 10° and 20° result in the pattern having a good symmetrical shape, suggesting a better-imprinted shape than with other angles. Moreover, the effect of high-frequency mechanical vibration is analyzed carefully in this study. The results show that the best forming ability is achieved as the vibration amplitude is 3.0 Å. As changing vibration frequencies, the frequency of 50 GHz gives the highest forming ability.
When optimizing a mechanical device, the symmetry principle provides important guidance. Minimum gearbox mass and maximum gearbox efficiency are two single objectives that need to be achieved when ...designing a gearbox, and they are not compatible. In order to address the multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem with the above single targets involved in building a two-stage helical gearbox with second-stage double gear sets, this work presents a novel application of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. This study’s objective is to identify the best primary design elements that will increase the gearbox efficiency while lowering the gearbox mass. To carry this out, three main design parameters were selected: the first stage’s gear ratio and the first and second stages’ coefficients of wheel face width (CWFW). Furthermore, a study focusing on two distinct goals was carried out: the lowest possible gearbox mass and the highest possible gearbox efficiency. Furthermore, the two stages of the MOO problem are phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. Phase 2 solves the single-objective optimization issue to minimize the difference between variable levels and the MOO problem to determine the optimal primary design factors. To solve the MOO problem, the EAMR (Evaluation by an Area-based Method of Ranking) method was also chosen. The following are important features of this study: First, a MCDM method (EAMR technique) was successfully applied to solve a MOO problem for the first time. Secondly, this work explored the power losses during idle motion to calculate the efficiency of a two-stage helical gearbox with second-stage double gear sets. This study’s findings were used to identify the optimal values for three important design variables to design a two-stage helical gearbox with second-stage double gear sets.
A long-term field study on corrosion of STK400 steel was established at Phu My port. The large steel pile, which was equivalent to real structures, was placed in all environmental zones to evaluate ...the overall corrosive effects of the brackish water. After 5 years, the corrosion rate over the entire length of the steel pile was measured and the rust at the boundary altitude between the zones was characterized. The corrosion rate profile shows the polarization of the entire pile length into two large anodic areas at the highest water level and submerged zones, where had high corrosion rate and pitting corrosion form. X-ray diffraction and metallographic of rust layers showed that Fe
3
O
4
phase increased with water depth, allowing to strong diffusion of Fe
2+
ion from steel substrate into the environment. The change in organism populations along water altitude in the tidal and submerged zones made the rust layers more complicated. Such distribution of polarized electrodes and composition of rust were due to the renewal of the corrosive agent by tidal cycles and organism population in water. As a result, the steel substrate in the tidal and mud zones was protected as cathodic areas.
Graphical Abstract
This paper provides a novel application of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to the multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) of creating a two-stage helical gearbox (TSHG) with ...second-stage double gear sets (SDGSs). The aim of the study is to determine the optimum major design components for enhancing the gearbox efficiency while reducing the gearbox volume. In this work, three primary design parameters are chosen to accomplish this: the gear ratio of the first stage and the coefficients of the wheel face width (CWFW) of the first and second stages. Additionally, the study is conducted with two distinct objectives in mind: the lowest gearbox volume and the maximum gearbox efficiency. Moreover, phase 1 and phase 2, respectively, are the two stages of the MOOP. Phase 2 handles the MOOP to identify the ideal primary design factors as well as the single-objective optimization problem to minimize the difference between the variable levels. Additionally, the Multi-Attributive Ideal–Real Comparative Analysis (MAIRCA) approach is selected to deal with the MOOP. The results of the study are utilized to determine the ideal values for three crucial design parameters in order to create a TSHG with SDGSs.
In order to design a high-efficiency two-stage gearbox to reduce power loss and conserve energy, a Multi-Criterion Decision-Making (MCDM) method is selected for solving the Multi-Objective ...Optimization Problem (MOOP) in this research. The study's objective is to determine the best primary design factors that will increase gearbox efficiency and decrease gearbox mass. To that end, the first stage's gear ratio and the first and second stages' Coefficients of Wheel Face Width (CWFW) were chosen as the three main design elements. Furthermore, two distinct goals were analyzed: the lowest gearbox mass and the highest gearbox efficiency. Additionally, the MOOP is carried out in two steps: phase 1 solves the Single-Objective Optimization Problem (SOOP) to close the gap between variable levels, and phase 2 solves the MOOP to determine the optimal primary design factors. Furthermore, the TOPSIS approach was selected to address the MOOP. For the first time, an MCDM technique is used to solve the MOOP of a two-stage helical gearbox considering the power losses during idle motion. When designing the gearbox, the optimal values for three crucial design parameters were ascertained according to the study's results.
This paper provides a novel application of a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) method to the multi-objective optimization problem of designing a two-stage helical gearbox. This study’s goal is ...to identify the ideal primary design elements that increase gearbox efficiency while reducing the gearbox cross-section area. In this work, three primary design parameters were selected for investigation: the gear ratio of the first stage and the coefficients of wheel face width (CWFW) of the first and second stages. The multi-objective optimization problem was further split into two phases: phase 1 solved the single-objective optimization problem of minimizing the gap between the variable levels, and phase 2 solved the multi-objective optimization issue of identifying the ideal key design factors. Moreover, the multi-objective optimization problem was handled by the SAW method as an MCDM approach, and the weight criteria were computed using the entropy approach. This study’s significant characteristics are as follows: First, a multi-objective optimization problem was successfully solved using the MCDM approach (SAW technique) for the first time. Second, the power losses in idle motion were investigated in this work in order to determine the efficiency of a two-stage helical gearbox. From this study’s findings, the ideal values for three major design parameters can be determined for the design of a two-stage helical gearbox.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most aggressive hematopoietic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells within the bone marrow. Tumor suppressor ...cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a deubiquitinating enzyme, which suppresses inflammatory response in macrophages. Macrophages have a central role in the defense against foreign substances and circulating cancer cells by their professional phagocytic capacity. Little is known about contributions of CYLD to changes in biological properties of human macrophages and its involvement in AML. The present study, therefore, explored whether macrophage functions in healthy individuals and AML patients are influenced by CYLD. To this end, ninety-two newly diagnosed AML patients and 80 healthy controls were recruited. The mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes were evaluated by real-time PCR, cell maturation, phagocytosis and apoptosis assays by flow cytometry and secretion of inflammatory cytokines by ELISA. As a result, AML patients with the low CYLD expression were significantly higher in M4/M5 than other subtypes according to the FAB type. The low CYLD expression was also closely associated with older patients and enhanced level of LDH in AML. Moreover, treatment of normal macrophages with CYLD siRNA enhanced activation of STAT-1, leading to increases in expressions of maturation markers and IL-6 production as well as suppression in cell apoptosis and phagocytosis, while macrophage phagocytosis from AML M4/M5b was higher than that from healthy controls upon CYLD siRNA transfection through STAT1 signalling. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of CYLD on macrophage functions are expected to affect the immune response in AML.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to study the effects of temperature, loading velocity, the taper angle of the punch on mechanical characteristics and deformation behavior of ...FeNiCoCrCu high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in nanoimprinting process. The impact of these factors is evaluated through loading force, atomic shear strain, structural change, dislocation evolution and elastic recovery rate. It points out that the primary deformation mechanism during imprinting of FeNiCoCrCu HEAs materials is the occurrence and propagation of dislocation and stacking faults. Increasing the temperature reduces the loading force, and the nanopatterning ability is better. When the imprinting speed increases, the stacking fault and dislocation increase, and the loading force improves. The results show that the higher the imprinting speed, the smaller the elastic recovery ratio. That proves the pattern forming at high imprinting speed will be better. As the mold angle increases, the depth of the forming groove increases. With the change of mold angles, the stress changes not only its value but also its distribution. As the taper angle of the punch increases, the high-stress region increases. The lower the concentration of Cu in the compound, the higher the forming ability and the pattern is sharper and clearer. While, the total dislocation and the residual stress in the substrate after withdrawing the punch from the substrate will gradually decrease on the order of FeNiCoCrCu0.2, FeNiCoCrCu1.3, FeNiCoCrCu0.7, FeNiCoCrCu0.4, FeNiCoCrCu1.0.
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●The higher the temperature, the better the forming ability and the lower the imprinting force.●The higher the imprint speed, the smaller the elastic recovery ratio and the higher the imprinting force.●The high-stress region, the imprint force, and the forming groove's depth increase as the taper angle of the punch increases.●As the Cu content increases, the hardness of the compound decreases.●The primary deformation mechanism during the imprinting is the occurrence and propagation of dislocation and stacking faults.
In order to address the Multi-Objective Optimization Problem (MOOP) in building a two-stage helical gearbox, this work presents a novel application of the Multi-Criterion Decision-Making (MCDM) ...method. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal primary design factors that will increase gearbox efficiency while decreasing gearbox volume. Three main design parameters were chosen for assessment in this work: the first stage’s gear ratio, and the first and second stages’ Coefficients of Wheel Face Width (CWFW). In addition, the MOOP is divided into two phases: phase 1 solves the single-objective optimization problem to reduce the gap between variable levels, and phase 2 solves the MOOP to determine the optimal primary design factors. Furthermore, the Entropy approach was picked to compute the weight criteria, and the MARCOS method was chosen as an MCDM method to handle the multi-objective optimization issue. The following are important characteristics of the study: Firstly, the MCDM method (MARCOS technique) was successfully applied to solve a MOOP for the first time. Secondly, this work has looked into power losses during idle motion to calculate the efficiency of a two-stage helical gearbox. The results of the study were used in the design of a two-stage helical gearbox in order to identify the optimal values for three important design parameters.
Gene mutations play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). The present study aimed to assess the association between some gene mutations and certain blood cell indices ...in patients diagnosed with MDS. The present study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients newly diagnosed with MDS, who underwent next-generation sequencing, and which revealed 51 gene mutations, were enrolled in the present study. The peripheral blood cell indices were recorded before commencing treatment. There were 18 mutations to be found. The ASXL1 mutation was the most frequently encountered, followed by the RUNX1, TET2, SF3B1 and TP53 mutations. Patients with the U2AF1 mutation had a lower hemoglobin level, those with BCOR or SRSF2 mutations had a higher percentage of peripheral blood blasts, and those with the SF3B1 mutation had a higher platelet count compared to the group without this mutation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off value for hemoglobin level, platelet count and the percentage of peripheral blood blasts. The optimal cut-off value for the hemoglobin level to separate the presence of U2AF1 mutation was 56.5. The optimal cut-off value for the percentage of peripheral blood blasts to separate the presence of BCOR and SRSF2 mutations was 7.5 and 5.5, respectively. The optimal cut-off value for the platelet count to separate the presence of the SF3B1 mutation was 228.5. The results also revealed that a hemoglobin level <56.5 g/l, platelet count >228.5 G/l, and a percentage of peripheral blood blasts >7.5 and >5.5% was associated with U2AF1, SF3B1, BCOR and SRSF2 mutations. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that there is an association between gene mutations and blood cell indices in patients diagnosed with MDS. The U2AF1 mutation is associated with severe anemia, and BCOR and SRSF2 mutations are associated with MDS with increased blast numbers. However, the SF3B1 mutation is related to a good platelet count. Key words: myelodysplastic neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, gene mutations, U2AF1, SF3B1, BCOR, SRSF2, peripheral blood cell indices
