The goal of this study was to examine how certain personality traits relate to trait flow, also known as flow proneness. We examined whether those relationships differ between work and leisure ...context. Using an online survey via snowball method, we obtained the self-reported results of 273 participants (Mage = 38.3 years). We performed two parallel hierarchical regression analyses, one for each context flow is experienced in, and used the same blocks of predictors in both: the first block included age and gender, the second FFM dimensions, and the third anxiety and cognitive failures. A total of 33% of flow proneness variance was explained in the work context, with statistically significant positive predictors being age, extraversion, and consciousness, while negative predictors were openness, and anxiety. We also explained 42% flow proneness variance in the leisure context, with age and consciousness as positive predictors, and neuroticism and anxiety as negative predictors.
•Flow proneness in both work and leisure are related, but distinct constructs.•Different traits predict flow proneness in different domains.•Work flow predicted by age, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and anxiety•Leisure flow predicted by age, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and anxiety
Background
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is related to adverse psychological consequences in young men, which is further accentuated by the astronomical growth of the hair transplant industry. However, ...a deeper insight into AGA and its impact on young men are lacking in the literature. Moreover, its impact is currently measured with general dermatological health‐related quality of life questionnaires.
Aims
Aim of this study was hence twofold: (i) to explore the individual experience of men with AGA via a qualitative study and (ii) to use these insights to create and preliminary validate a set of items for measuring quality of life specifically in AGA.
Patients/Methods
The qualitative study was carried out on a convenience sample of 11 young men in different stages of AGA. In the quantitative study, items for measuring quality of life in androgenetic alopecia were created and distributed to an online sample of men younger than 35 (N = 129).
Results
Multiple themes and sub‐themes were obtained in the qualitative study, highlighting the loss of control, lowered attractiveness, concerns about dating, and an influence on daily functioning the young men felt. In the quantitative study, nine items were retained, demonstrating high reliability, and moderate correlations with self‐esteem and subjective well‐being.
Conclusions
AGA is a valid issue, which has a marked impact on young men. We believe that further developing and validating a tool that would measure quality of life specifically in AGA, or generally in different alopecia types, is an approach worth taking.
The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of predicting various forms of civil activism based on personality traits, locus of control, and some sociodemographic variables. In this study the ...participants were 278 activists from 25 NGOs. Data was collected using the Big Five Inventory, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, Index of Civil Activism, and Activism Orientation Scale. The results indicated that Extraversion was a positive predictor of civil activism and conventional activism. Openness to experience was a positive predictor of conventional activism, while consciousness was a negative predictor of high risk activism. Locus of control, neuroticism and agreeableness were not significant predictors of any of the various activism forms. Personality traits, locus of control, and sociodemographic variables were able to explain a relatively small percentage of variance (< 26%) in different forms of activism.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematize available empirical findings in the field of basic psychological needs and personality traits overlap. Study eligibility criteria were: three basic ...psychological needs defined within Self-Determination Theory (autonomy, competence, relatedness), Five-factor model/Big Five model of personality traits, self-reported data, essential statistical indicators, and independent samples. The final sample included 16 primary studies, 17 independent samples, with 206 independent effect sizes representing more than 10 500 participants. Fifteen independent meta-analysis were performed resulting in 15 statistically significant, small to moderate in size, correlation coefficients between needs and traits. All three needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) had negative correlations with neuroticism, and positive correlations with extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Multiple publication bias indicators left this conclusion unaltered. Due to a relatively small number of primary studies, additional moderator analyses were not performed even though a large amount of heterogeneity was identified. This study is the first to empirically summarize and calculate the existing overlap between constructs from two theoretical perspectives of individual differences.
Heritability of Personality Bratko, Denis; Butković, Ana; Vukasović Hlupić, Tena
Psihologijske teme,
05/2017, Letnik:
26, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
The aim of this study is to simplify the issue of the concept of heritability, to give an introduction to the behavioral genetic theory and methods, as well as to give an overview of the current ...knowledge about heritability of personality and the quantitative and molecular genetic approach to estimate heritability. Following that, results on heritability of personality are summarized. In addition, we reanalyzed all available behavioral genetic studies published before 2010, which were included in Vukasović and Bratko (2015) meta-analysis, to estimate the correlations between different family members: 1) monozygotic twins reared together; 2) monozygotic twins reared apart; 3) dizygotic twins reared together; 4) dizygotic twins reared apart; 5) mother and offspring; 6) father and offspring. Estimates of the family resemblance for personality were .54 from intraclass correlations for twin pairs reared together, .45 for intraclass correlations for monozygotic twin pairs reared apart, and .26 and .28 for familial aggregation. This finding is in line with the conclusion of the previous meta-analysis, which showed that the study design is a significant moderator of personality heritability, with twin studies showing higher estimates compared to family and adoption studies. Following that, findings from molecular genetic studies on personality and from gene-environment interaction studies are summarized. Finally, recommendations for future studies are given.
El objetivo de este estudio es simplificar la cuestión del concepto de la heredabilidad, ofrecer una introducción a la teoría y métodos de la genética conductual y dar una reseña del conocimiento actual sobre la heredabilidad de la personalidad y el enfoque genético cuantitativo y molecular para calcular heredabilidad. Luego se resumen los resultados sobre la heredabilidad de la personalidad. Además, reanalizamos todos los estudios genéticos conductuales disponibles publicados antes de 2010, que formaron parte del metaanálisis de Vukasović y Bratko (2015), para estimar las correlaciones entre diferentes miembros de familia: 1) gemelos criados juntos, 2) gemelos criados separados, 3) mellizos criados juntos, 4) mellizos criados separados, 5) madres y descendencia, 6) padres y descendencia. Cálculos sobre la semejanza familiar para la personalidad fueron .54 para la correlación intraclase para gemelos criados juntos, .45 para gemelos criados aparte y .26 y .28 para la agregación familiar. Este hallazgo corresponde a la conclusión de los metaanálisis previos, los cuales mostraron que el diseño de estudio es un moderador significante de la heredabilidad de la personalidad, y que los estudios de gemelos muestran cálculos más altos comparados con los estudios de familia y adopción. En continuación se resumen los hallazgos de los estudios de genética molecular sobre la personalidad y de la interacción entre genotipo y ambiente. Al final se ofrecen sugerencias para futuros estudios.
Decades of research have shown that about half of individual differences in personality traits is heritable. Recent studies have reported that heritability is not fixed, but instead decreases across ...the life span. However, findings are inconsistent and it is yet unclear whether these trends are because of a waning importance of heritable tendencies, attributable to cumulative experiential influences with age, or because of nonlinear patterns suggesting Gene × Environment interplay. We combined four twin samples (N = 7,026) from Croatia, Finland, Germany, and the United Kingdom, and we examined age trends in genetic and environmental variance in the six HEXACO personality traits: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness. The cross-national sample ranges in age from 14 to 90 years, allowing analyses of linear and nonlinear age differences in genetic and environmental components of trait variance, after controlling for gender and national differences. The amount of genetic variance in Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness followed a reversed U-shaped pattern across age, showed a declining trend for Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness, and was stable for Emotionality. For most traits, findings provided evidence for an increasing relative importance of life experiences contributing to personality differences across the life span. The findings are discussed against the background of Gene × Environment transactions and interactions.
The aim of this study was to obtain a heritability estimate of exercise behaviour in twins and to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic associations between personality ...and exercise behaviour.
Twin study was used, the sample including 339 twin pairs (105 MZ and 234 DZ), between 15 and 22 years of age (M = 18.6, SD = 2.31).
The participants filled in a NEO-FFI personality inventory and answered two questions about the frequency (FPE) and intensity (IPE) of physical exercise. We also calculated the composite physical exercise score (CS) representing a combination of FPE and IPE items.
The broad heritability estimates of three physical exercise variables (FPE, IPE, CS) were significant, with results in the 0.55 to 0.69 range. We found significant phenotypic associations with neuroticism and extraversion. Contrary to our expectations, correlations with conscientiousness were not significant. People scoring higher on extraversion and lower on neuroticism reported exercising more often and more intensely. Phenotypic association between personality traits and physical exercise variables were due to overlapping genetic influences.
Our results indicate that the genetic factors contributing to an active lifestyle overlap with those contributing to personality traits extraversion and neuroticism, in line with the “nature” hypothesis which infers the presence of biological differences in predisposition for regular physical activity.
•339 twin pairs (105 MZ) filled in personality and physical exercise measures.•Broad heritability estimates for physical exercise were in the 0.55 to 0.69 range.•There were significant phenotypic associations with neuroticism and extraversion.•These phenotypic associations were due to overlapping genetic influences.
Previous longitudinal studies of mood showed that mood displays a circaseptan (weekly) rhythm, reaching its peaks during weekends and falling during the working week. These studies stirred numerous ...debates about whether the circaseptan nature of the mood is determined culturally or biologically. The goal of the present study was to determine how the division of the week on the working week and the weekend impacts mood. A sample of students completed the shortened version of the PANAS-X questionnaire each day throughout July (working week and the weekend not separated) and November (working week and the weekend separated). Cosinor rhythmometry was used to analyze the data. As in previous research, a circaseptan mood rhythm was detected in November. However, a circaseptan rhythm was not detected in July - a circasemilunar rhythm was detected instead. These results suggest that the division of the week on the working week and the weekend has a great impact on mood and that more longitudinal studies of this type are needed to better understand this relationship.
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