The topic of the article is asymmetrical relation between a user and a system, the latter understood as an obscure structure, shaping forms of interaction between a human being and technology using ...soft power. It is visible in a contradiction between a language (called chirping) of system-generated messages present in digital daily life, and their persuasive and oppressive impact, compared with examples of subversive strategies practiced with tactical media art, such as: obfuscation, over-identification and estrangement as well as theoretical proposals of tactics as a form of soft resistance.
The text focuses on the specific features of the so-called 'cinematic turn' within the scope of visual culture emergent within the YouTube platform, particularly during its first, formative years. ...This turn takes place on the meta-level of the existing circulation of content enabled by YouTube, often being an autothematic reflection on this tool of cultural production. The vernacular aesthetics, a specific formal framework and a particular modus operandi of YouTube became the subject of artistic statements, sometimes in a form of subversive remix. Therefore I think of YouTube as a realm of art because of its meta-media practice that made the cinematic turn visible. It does not rely on straightforwardly understood production of (moving) images, but postproduction, as understood by Nicolas Bourriaud. Moreover, the cinematic turn taking place within YouTube is different from the one practised by the avant-garde of 20th century, due its being not “seeing” or “writing” (as Dziga Vertov understood montage) but rather “overwriting”, to use language more adequate to the described sphere of digital culture. Artists use YouTube as an open library, working with its resources, applying techniques such as postproduction, remix, re-contextualisation and appropriation. Therefore it becomes a multimedia library, a “Mediateca Babel” of a kind, to recall J. L. Borges' idea. The examples mentioned in the text are of a postproductional nature, such as to-camera-performance and subversive “overwriting” of contents enabled with the circulationism typical for social media. Equally important are the strategies of recognising the cultural framework of YouTube, in the context of 20th-century media art history, as well as the platform’s interface. Also, there is the issue of relations between vernacular creativity and the art system because of “capturing” the amateur-generated content and transferring it to mainstream artworld. These examples let me argue that the cinematic turn is a form of postproduction, which enables the hidden mechanisms behind the circulation of moving images in the overloaded global network. The cinematic turn in the context of YouTube does not mean that cinema and its language are at home within this platform. Also, the meta-artistic way of “making” platform art does not turn YouTube into “art platform” (as understood by Olga Goriunova). Nevertheless, platform art may happen in this context as a result of working with the cinematic turn in its vernacular aspect, which makes it possible to reveal its key features and move them to the meta-level.
Introduction: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder associated with recurrent seizures. Therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) helps achieve seizure remission in approximately 70% of epileptic ...patients. Treatment with AEDs is frequently lifelong and there are reports suggesting its negative influence on bone health. This is especially important in terms of general occurrence of osteoporosis, affecting over 50 million people worldwide.Areas covered: This study refers to two main groups of AEDs: hepatic enzyme inducers (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone and topiramate) and non-inducers (clobazam, clonazepam, ethosuximide, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, pregabalin, tiagabine, valproate, vigabatrin and zonisamide). Some reports indicate that enzyme inducers may exert a more negative influence on bone mineral density (BMD) compared to non-inducers. Bone problems may appear in both sexes during AED therapy, although women are additionally burdened with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Supplementation of vitamin D and calcium in patients on AEDs is recommended.Expert opinion: Apart from enzyme inducers, valproate (an even enzyme inhibitor) may also negatively affect BMD. However, the untoward effects of AEDs may depend upon their doses and duration of treatment. Although the problem of supplementation of vitamin D and calcium in epileptic patients on AEDs is controversial, there are recommendations to do so.
In manufacturers' trials, vaccination against COVID-19 proved to be safe and effective. The officially reported frequency of vaccine adverse events (VAEs) in Poland is lower than that declared by the ...manufacturers. The anti-vaccination activists questioned the trustworthiness of official data.
The aim was to explore the real-life prevalence of VAEs in general practice settings and the factors that may influence it.
In this pragmatic, mixed prospective and retrospective study, patients vaccinated against COVID-19 between May and October 2021 in three GP practices in Krakow, Poland, were enrolled. Their demographic (age, sex, level of education) and clinical data (weight and height, smoking status, history of allergies, COVID-19 and chronic diseases) were collected. Then, they were interviewed about VAEs they experienced.
Out of 1530 patients invited to participate, 1051 (69%) agreed and were eligible for analyses. Only 8.8% did not report any VAE. Pain at the injection site was the most frequently reported reaction (800, 76.2%). The most prevalent systemic ones were excessive fatigue/lethargy (527, 50.6%), sleep/circadian rhythm disturbances (433, 41.6%) and headache (399, 38.3%). Fifty required medical assistance − 39 experienced presyncope (3.7%) and 11 loss of consciousness (1.1%). Only two others were hospitalised. Females, younger adults, those with higher education and with a history of COVID-19 reported systemic VAEs more frequently, while those who were older and obese were less likely to report local reactions.
Although more than 90% of patients vaccinated against COVID-19 in general practice settings may experience VAEs, in short-term observation, the vast majority are localised and mild.
Lifestyle interventions in type 2 diabetes (DM2) prevention implementation studies can be effective and lasting. Long-term weight loss maintenance enhances the intervention effect through a ...significant decrease in diabetes incidence over time. Our objective was to identify factors predicting long-term successful weight reduction maintenance achieved during a DM2 prevention program in patients with high DM2 risk in primary health care. Study participants (n = 263), middle-aged, slightly obese with baseline increased DM2 risk (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC)>14), but no diabetes were invited to receive 11 lifestyle counselling sessions, guided physical activity sessions and motivational support during 10-months. The study participants had three clinical examinations during the study (baseline, one and three years). Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine demographic, clinical, and lifestyle predictors of weight reduction maintenance two years after the discontinuation of the intervention. Out of 105 patients who completed all three examinations (baseline age 56.6 (standard deviation (SD) = 10.7), body mass index 31.1 kg/m2 (SD = 4.9), FINDRISC 18.6 (SD = 3.1)), 73 patients (70%) showed weight loss during the intervention (mean weight loss 4.2 kg, SD = 5.1). The total weight loss achieved in the maintainers (27 of 73 study participants) two years after the intervention had finished was 6.54 kg (4.47 kg+2.0 kg). The non-maintainers, on the other hand, returned to their initial weight at the start of the intervention (+0.21 kg). In multivariable analysis baseline history of increased glucose (odds ratio (OR) = 3.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-13.6) and reduction of total fat in diet during follow-up (OR = 4.3; 95% CI 1.5-12.2) were independent predictors of successful weight loss. Further studies exploring predictors of weight loss maintenance in diabetes prevention are needed to help health care providers to redesign interventions and improve long-term outcomes of real life interventions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Real life implementation studies performed in different settings have proved that lifestyle interventions in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (DM2) can be effective, although the weight reduction ...results are typically modest compared to randomized control trials. Our objective was to identify the factors that predict successful weight loss in a less intensive, lower budget, real life setting lifestyle diabetes prevention intervention.
Study participants (n = 175) with increased DM2 risk (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) > 14) but no diabetes at baseline received ten group lifestyle counselling sessions, physical activity and motivation sessions during a ten-month intervention. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine demographic, clinical, and lifestyle predictors of successful weight reduction defined as a reduction of ≥5% of the initial body weight.
At 12 months following the initiation of the intervention, 23.4% of study participants lost ≥5% weight (mean loss of 7.9 kg, SD = 5.8). Increased physical activity (44% vs 25%, p = 0.03), decreased total fat consumption (88% vs 65%, p = 0.006) and adherence to four-five lifestyle goals (71% vs 46%, p = 0.007) were more often reported among those who managed to lose ≥5% weight versus those who did not. In a multivariate analysis, meeting the ≥5% weight loss goal was most effective in individuals with a higher baseline BMI (OR 1.1, 95%CI 1.0-1.2), baseline and medium versus higher education (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.2-24.7) and a history of increased glucose (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.1-1.3). A reduction of total fat in the diet was an independent lifestyle predictor, increasing the probability of successful weight loss by 3.8 times (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2-11.4).
Baseline higher BMI, lower education and a history of increased glucose predicted the successful weight loss among individuals with a high risk for the DM2 following lifestyle intervention in a real life primary health care setting. People who manage to lose weight more often adhere to lifestyle changes, while the reduction of total fat in diet independently predicts successful weight loss. Further studies exploring the predictors of success in implementation studies in DM2 prevention should help health care providers redesign interventions to improve their effectiveness and outcomes.
ISRCTN, ID ISRCTN96692060 , registered 03.08.2016 retrospectively.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: An adverse event is an incident induced while providing health care services or resulting from it, not related to the natural course of a given disease or health condition, which causes ...or is likely to cause negative consequences for the patient, including their death, a threat to life, the necessity of hospitalisation or its prolongation, permanent or considerable health detriment; or is a foetal disease, congenital defect or the result of foetal damage. Objective: The aim of this analysis is to explore the problem of the occurrence of adverse events from the perspective of doctors and ward nurses who manage wards. Material and methods: The research on the occurrence of adverse events among doctors and nurses (the management staff) was conducted with the use of a postal survey. Results: It was ascertained that 86.5% of the medical personnel had taken part in an adverse event, of which 20.2% took part in an occurrence associated with pharmacotherapy, 16.2% – in an event related to diagnostics and diagnosis, or an infection – 15.7%. 14.2% of respondents were involved in an occurrence linked to a medical device malfunction, and 14.1% – in an adverse event related to an operation. Conclusions: The adverse events most often identified in the nursing professional group are occurrences associated with pharmacotherapy, and in the doctors’ professional group – occurrences related to diagnostics and diagnosis. The research established that the most frequent reason for not informing patients about the occurrence of an adverse event is fear of their filing a complaint. Medical management staff show high acceptance of an adverse event reporting system as a tool for improving patient safety.
Patients commonly receive statin drugs for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular events and also commonly receive antidepressant drugs for the treatment of depression. A many-year ...polypharmacotherapy can lead to increased side effects of these drugs. It may lead to an oxidation-reduction imbalance and the growth of a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may induce cellular dysfunctions.
The aim of this study was to assess oxidative stress parameters in the blood of rats after simultaneous administration of rosuvastatin (10mg/kg) with paroxetine (10mg/kg) or citalopram (10mg/kg). The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was determined in whole blood, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in the serum.
The 14-day simultaneous administration of rosuvastatin with paroxetine or citalopram caused an increase in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity and did not influence the level of the total antioxidant status. Rosuvastatin (10mg/kg) or citalopram (10mg/kg) administered alone to rats for 14 days did not affect the examined parameters. The 14-day application of paroxetine (10mg/kg) significantly decreased a glutathione peroxidase activity, increased a glutathione reductase activity and did not affect the level of TAS.
The observed changes may indicate an increased activity of the enzyme system preventing oxidation, which appears to be the effect of the reaction on the severity of oxidative stress during the combined treatment with rosuvastatin and antidepressants.
W dyskusji biorą udział: prof. dr hab. Agnieszka Ogonowska (A.O.; moderatorka dyskusji, redaktor naczelna „Studia de Cultura”); dr hab. Mirosław Filiciak, prof. SWPS (M.F.; SWPS, Warszawa); dr hab. ...Agnieszka Walecka-Rynduch, prof. UP (A.W.R.; UP w Krakowie); dr hab. Ewa Wójtowicz, prof. UAP (E.W.; UAP w Poznaniu); dr hab. Marek Pieniążek, prof. UP (M.P.; UP w Krakowie); dr inż. Przemysław Chmielecki (P.Ch.; Wyższe Baptystyczne Seminarium Teologiczne, Warszawa); doc. dr hab. Łukasz Wojciechowski (Ł.W.; Uniwersytet Świętych Cyryla i Metodego w Trnawie)
It has been shown that real-life implementation studies for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (DM2) performed in different settings and populations can be effective. However, not enough information ...is available on factors influencing the reach of DM2 prevention programmes. This study examines the predictors of completing an intervention programme targeted at people at high risk of DM2 in Krakow, Poland as part of the DE-PLAN project.A total of 262 middle-aged people, everyday patients of 9 general practitioners' (GP) practices, at high risk of DM2 (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) >14) agreed to participate in the lifestyle intervention to prevent DM2. Intervention consisted of 11 lifestyle counseling sessions, organized physical activity sessions followed by motivational phone calls and letters. Measurements were performed at baseline and 1 year after the initiation of the intervention.Seventy percent of the study participants enrolled completed the core curriculum (n = 184), 22% were men. When compared to noncompleters, completers had a healthier baseline diabetes risk profile (P <.05). People who completed the intervention were less frequently employed versus noncompleters (P = .037), less often had hypertension (P = .043), and more frequently consumed vegetables and fruit daily (P = .055).In multiple logistic regression model, employment reduced the likelihood of completing the intervention 2 times (odds ratio OR 0.45, 95% confidence interval CI 0.25-0.81). Higher glucose 2 hours after glucose load and hypertension were the independent factors decreasing the chance to participate in the intervention (OR 0.79, 95% 0.69-0.92 and OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99, respectively). Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits increased the likelihood of completing the intervention (OR 1.86, 95% 1.01-3.41).In conclusion, people with healthier behavior and risk profile are more predisposed to complete diabetes prevention interventions. Male, those who work and those with a worse health profile, are less likely to participate and complete interventions. Targeted strategies are needed in real-life diabetes prevention interventions to improve male participation and to reach those who are working as well as people with a higher risk profile.
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