Abstract
Background
Depression (major depressive disorder MDD) affects the functioning of patients in many facets of life. Very few large-scale studies to date have compared health and economic ...related outcomes of those with versus without depression, and across various depression severity groups. We aimed to evaluate humanistic and economic burden in respondents with and without depression diagnosis, and across symptom severity groups.
Methods
Data from the 2017 US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) were utilized. Of the adult respondents (
N
= 75,004), 59,786 were < 65 years old. Respondents not meeting eligibility criteria were excluded (e.g., those self-reporting bipolar disorder or experiencing depression in past 12 months but no depression diagnosis). Overall, data from 39,331 eligible respondents (aged 18–64 years) were analyzed; and comprised respondents ‘with depression diagnosis’ (
n
= 8853; self-reporting physician diagnosis of depression and experiencing depression in past 12 months) and respondents ‘without depression diagnosis’ (
n
= 30,478; no self-reported physician diagnosis of depression and not experiencing depression). Respondents with depression were further examined across depression severity based on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Outcome measures included health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL; Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form SF-36v2: mental and physical component summary MCS and PCS; Short-Form 6 Dimensions SF-6D; and EuroQol 5 Dimensions EQ-5D), work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI), and health resource utilization (HRU). Multivariate analysis was performed to examine group differences after adjusting covariates.
Results
Respondents with depression diagnosis reported significantly higher rates of diagnosed anxiety and sleep problems versus those without depression (for both;
P
< 0.001). Adjusted MCS, PCS, SF-6D, and EQ-5D scores were significantly lower in respondents with depression versus those without depression (all
P
< 0.001). Consistently, respondents with depression reported higher absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall WPAI, as well as greater number of provider visits, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations compared with those without depression (all
P
< 0.001). Further, burden of each outcome increased with an increase in disease severity.
Conclusions
Diagnosed depression was associated with lower health-related quality-of-life and work productivity, and higher healthcare utilization than those without depression, and burden increased with an increase in symptom severity. The results show the burden of depression remains high even among those experiencing minimal symptoms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Strengthening from single lattice defect such as dislocations or nanoprecipitates generally leads to the so-called strength-ductility tradeoff, which becomes particularly pronounced at the strength ...level of above 2 GPa. Herein, we report a sustainable strain-hardening mechanism in ultrahigh-strength martensitic steels via manipulating interaction among different lattice defects. We show that fast precipitation of low-misfit B2-ordered Ni(Al, Fe) could efficiently prevent dense quench-in dislocations from recovery. During plastic deformation, the high cutting stress created by the ordered nanoprecipitates not only allows numerous retained dislocations to become mobile in planar mode, but also substantially expands the mean free path for dislocation movement in a heavily dislocated martensite. Simultaneously, the planar slips cause severe dislocation reactions with the pre-existing dislocations, which timely recover local cutting stress that has been weakened by cutting of the precipitates. This sort of timely established cutting stress minimizes simultaneously degree of slip concentration and magnitude of stored co-planar dislocations within planar slip bands while promoting pronounced band refinement as the main strain hardening mechanism, which gave rise to the simultaneous increment of the yield strength (2 GPa) and elongation to failure (9%). The current findings provide a possible means of simultaneously enhancing strength and ductility through tailoring the interplay among different types of lattice defects.
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Gut microbiota has the capacity to impact the regular function of the brain, which can in turn affect the composition of microbiota. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients suffer from ...gastrointestinal problems and experience changes in gut microbiota; however, it is not yet clear whether the change in the microbiota associated with ASD is a cause or a consequence of the disease.
We have investigated the species richness and microbial composition in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model autism. Fecal samples from the rectum were collected at necropsy, microbial total DNA was extracted, 16 rRNA genes sequenced using Illumina, and the global microbial co-occurrence network was constructed using a random matrix theory-based pipeline. Collected rat microbiome data were compared to available data derived from cases of autism.
We found that VPA administration during pregnancy reduced fecal microbial richness, changed the gut microbial composition, and altered the metabolite potential of the fecal microbial community in a pattern similar to that seen in patients with ASD. However, the global network property and network composition as well as microbial co-occurrence patterns were largely preserved in the offspring of rats exposed to prenatal administration of VPA.
Our data on the microbiota of the VPA rat model of autism indicate that this model, in addition to behaviorally and anatomically mimicking the autistic brain as previously shown, also mimics the microbiome features of autism, making it one of the best-suited rodent models for the study of autism and ASD.
The theory of continuous phase transitions predicts the universal collective properties of a physical system near a critical point, which for instance manifest in characteristic power-law behaviours ...of physical observables. The well-established concept at or near equilibrium, universality, can also characterize the physics of systems out of equilibrium. The most fundamental instance of a genuine non-equilibrium phase transition is the directed percolation (DP) universality class, where a system switches from an absorbing inactive to a fluctuating active phase. Despite being known for several decades it has been challenging to find experimental systems that manifest this transition. Here we show theoretically that signatures of the DP universality class can be observed in an atomic system with long-range interactions. Moreover, we demonstrate that even mesoscopic ensembles-which are currently studied experimentally-are sufficient to observe traces of this non-equilibrium phase transition in one, two and three dimensions.
A novel tetranuclear Ni(II) complex Ni
4
(L)
2
(N
3
)
4
Cl(MeOH)
3
·CH
3
COCH
3
is synthesized via a symmetrical salamo-based ligand H
2
L, NiCl
2
·6H
2
O, and NaN
3
. The structure is characterized ...by elemental analyses, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray crystal analysis shows that Ni(II) atoms in the Ni(II) complex have distorted octahedral geometries. It is the key factor that the ligand containing 3-position methoxy groups gives rise to the formation of the tetranuclear Ni(II) complex. When
anions are used to bridge two Ni2 atoms, there are two symmetrical open cubic structures. The Ni(II) complex forms a 3D supramolecular structure through intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. Using the Hirshfeld surface to clarify interactions between the molecules, the percentages of C–H/H–C, O–H/H–O, and H–H/H–H contacts are calculated as 19.0%, 15.3%, and 54.0%, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) studies show that the stability of the Ni(II) complex is much higher than that of H
2
L. The calculation of the fluorescence titration experiment can give K = 1.05·10
8
M
–1
, which further proves the stability of the Ni(II) complex.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, affect cell differentiation, proliferation, and motility. Butyrate also induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through its inhibition of histone ...deacetylases (HDACs). In addition, butyrate is a potent inducer of histone hyper-acetylation in cells. Therefore, this SCFA provides an excellent in vitro model for studying the epigenomic regulation of gene expression induced by histone acetylation. In this study, we analyzed the differential in vitro expression of genes induced by butyrate in bovine epithelial cells by using deep RNA-sequencing technology (RNA-seq). The number of sequences read, ranging from 57,303,693 to 78,933,744, were generated per sample. Approximately 11,408 genes were significantly impacted by butyrate, with a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. The predominant cellular processes affected by butyrate included cell morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Our results provided insight into the transcriptome alterations induced by butyrate, which will undoubtedly facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying butyrate-induced epigenomic regulation in bovine cells.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
In this study, we address the design challenges related to hyperparameters, such as the number of layers and nodes in deep neural networks, by introducing an Improved Genetic Algorithm-based ...method for optimizing neural network structures (IGA-DNN). We apply this method to the practical problem of
β
function correction in particle accelerators and develop a storage ring
β
function correction scheme based on IGA-DNN. We compare our approach with traditional genetic algorithm-optimized neural networks to evaluate its performance.
Our results reveal that the neural network optimized by the improved genetic algorithm reduces the number of layers by three and decreases training time by a factor of three, leading to a more efficient model. Moreover, the accuracy of
β
function simulation correction is enhanced using the IGA-DNN method. This approach can also be extended to optimize other optical parameters and tackle multi-parameter optimization problems, showcasing its versatility and potential for broader applications across various fields.
ABSTRACT
Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system and play crucial roles in neural development, homeostasis, immunity, and conductivity. Over the past few decades, glial ...cell activity in mammals has been linked to circadian rhythms, the 24‐h chronobiological clocks that regulate many physiological processes. Indeed, glial cells rhythmically express clock genes that cell‐autonomously regulate glial function. In addition, recent findings in rodents have revealed that disruption of the glial molecular clock could impact the entire organism. In this review, we discuss the impact of circadian rhythms on the function of the three major glial cell types – astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes – across different locations within the central nervous system. We also review recent evidence uncovering the impact of glial cells on the body's circadian rhythm. Together, this sheds new light on the involvement of glial clock machinery in various diseases.
Deleting a gene in an organism often has little phenotypic effect, owing to two mechanisms of compensation. The first is the existence of duplicate genes: that is, the loss of function in one copy ...can be compensated by the other copy or copies. The second mechanism of compensation stems from alternative metabolic pathways, regulatory networks, and so on. The relative importance of the two mechanisms has not been investigated except for a limited study, which suggested that the role of duplicate genes in compensation is negligible. The availability of fitness data for a nearly complete set of single-gene-deletion mutants of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome has enabled us to carry out a genome-wide evaluation of the role of duplicate genes in genetic robustness against null mutations. Here we show that there is a significantly higher probability of functional compensation for a duplicate gene than for a singleton, a high correlation between the frequency of compensation and the sequence similarity of two duplicates, and a higher probability of a severe fitness effect when the duplicate copy that is more highly expressed is deleted. We estimate that in S. cerevisiae at least a quarter of those gene deletions that have no phenotype are compensated by duplicate genes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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