A carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil (CF) chemotherapy protocol was designed to evaluate tumor response and toxicity in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients with metastatic ...NPC were treated with a maximum of eight courses of CF. Carboplatin was given at 300 mg/m2 by intravenous bolus on day 1 and 5-fluorouracil at 1 g/m2 per day by continuous infusion on days 1-3; cycles were repeated once every 3 weeks. A total of 42 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. They received a median of 6 courses (range 2-8) of chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 38% (16/42), comprising 7 complete responses (CR, 17%) and 9 partial responses (PR, 21%). The median survival was 12.1 months (range 6-54.2 months). The treatment was well tolerated. Toxicity was mainly bone marrow suppression. There were four episodes of neutropenic fever, but no renal toxicity or treatment-related death was documented. The combination of carboplatin given at a fixed dose of 300 mg/m2 for 1 day and 5-fluorouracil given at 1 g/m2 per day for 3 days produced an objective response rate of 38% and tolerable side effects.
It is difficult at present to predict the long-term course of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) regarding the probability of relapse. We retrospectively reviewed 42 SSNS patients who had ...been followed up for a mean duration of 10 ±3 years. Male was predominantly affected (M:F = 3.5:1). Sixty percent of our children presented between 2 to 5 years old. At the time of last follow- up, seven patients (17%) never had a relapse. Twenty-three patients (55%) went into long-term remission and 12 (28%) continued to have active disease. Kidney biopsies were performed in 18 patients (43%). The most common histology was minimal change disease (71%), followed by IgM nephropathy (28%). Thirty-four patients (81%) followed the steroid treatment protocol of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Childhood (ISKDC). Sixteen patients (38%) required second line medications. The most common steroid sparing agents used were levamisole, followed by cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin A. The nonrelapsers had a higher serum albumin than the relapsers, with a p value of 0.03. From the second year of follow-up onwards, the long-term remission group had fewer episodes of relapses than the active disease group, with a p value of ≤ 0.034 at the second subsequent years. The median time to achieve the long-term remission is 3 years (95% confidence interval: 1.85-4.15) in our patients. Among all the prognostic factors studied, a higher serum albumin at presentation and a fewer number of relapses per year appeared to be related to a less relapsing course.
This article describes the design and operation of the 1998 Chinese University Summer Gifted program organized for junior secondary students in Hong Kong. This one week residential program provided ...enrichment courses, workshops, and special activities intended to enhance students' creativity and leadership abilities. Participants, instructors, counselors, and parents all rated the program highly. (Contains references.) (Author/DB)
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
486.
Intro Yew, David T; Li, Winnie W. Y; Wai, Maria S. M
Atlas on the Comparative Anatomy of the Retinae of Vertebrates,
2012
Book Chapter
List of Abbreviations T. Yew, David; S. M. Wai, Maria; W. Y. Li, Winnie
An Atlas on the Comparative Anatomy of the Retinae of Vertebrates,
January 2012, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Book Chapter
Index T. Yew, David; S. M. Wai, Maria; W. Y. Li, Winnie
An Atlas on the Comparative Anatomy of the Retinae of Vertebrates,
January 2012, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Book Chapter
Preface T. Yew, David; S. M. Wai, Maria; W. Y. Li, Winnie
An Atlas on the Comparative Anatomy of the Retinae of Vertebrates,
January 2012, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Book Chapter
In the last century, two exhaustive and interesting books have been published on the retina, Walls's (1942) 'The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation' and Polyak's (1941) 'The retina'. These two ...volumes of world famous literature on the eyes have stimulated the thoughts of numerous vision researchers across the globe. With the establishment of national funding agencies in eye research around the world, the 20th century has been the most productive era of eye research, with many excellent papers published in the field, including those on the comparative anatomy of the eye. In spite of these advances, comparative atlases on the vertebrate retina, a region of the eye which is mostly explored in research, remains lacking. This atlas tries to amend some of these problems. In this volume, the authors have attempted to enlist as many as 27 specimens of different animals as well as human. All figures in the book are micrographs, either light microscopic or electron microscopic figures. For the latter, both transmission and scanning electron micrographs are included. These figures can amend information illustrated in both Walls's and Polyak's books which contained mainly hand drawn figures. This e-Book here is divided into several chapters - with a longest chapter on the comparison between the retinas of different vertebrates. It starts with the fish retina all the way to the primate. To those interested in comparing ontogeny with phylogeny, observation of, for example, the oil droplets in the eyes of different vertebrates may be intriguing, as oil droplets in the retina are seen in the oldest fish - the sturgeon. Comparison between different mammals - cows, pigs, dogs, cats, and monkeys give a possibility of looking at these mammals of different habitat and diet. To us, the authors, we found the cat and the monkey to be most interesting. The layers of the retinas, on the other hand, display different patterns between the fish and the mammals and are worth noting. This atlas also has other chapters on the inner layers of the retina (exclusive of the visual cells or photoreceptor cells) and discusses inner retinal layers from their morphogenesis to maturation. There are further chapters to illustrate the development of the retina in general and examples of retinal degeneration. In the acquisition of all these different specimens, especially for the rarer one (crocodiles, humans etc.), the fixation may not always be optimal due to time lapse in securing the specimens. The authors of this atlas also have a special interest in the types of visual cells and, therefore these cells may receive more coverage than others. The book aims to at least give an introduction to the ophthalmologists, zoologists, comparative anatomists, evolutionary biologists, embryologists and vision researchers, to trigger their interest in the retina in general or in specific species. The atlas, like all others, is not meant to be exhaustive. It is hoped that a basic knowledge on the comparative retinal structures presented here would lead to further scientific enquiries and discoveries by others. The corresponding author of this atlas, David. T. Yew would like to dedicate this work to Professor David Bernard Meyer who introduced him to the beauty of the retina many decades ago, to the late Professors Roger Warwick (author of Gray's Anatomy) and late Professor Ronald Fearnhead for their help and encouragement during periods of difficulties, to Professors M.C. Yu and Amy Yu and Professor David Randall for their everlasting friendship and unfailing support for the past twenty years. In the course of preparation of the e-Book, Mr. Wai-Man Chan and Miss Lai-Yin Yeung had offered much assistance and comments in the draft of the manuscript. Without their help, the completion of the e-Book would be impossible. We are also much indebted to Dr. Bushra Siddiqui and the staff in the very detail editing of the e-Book.
PDF
