To identify pulmonary/uterine thrombus formation in amniotic fluid embolism (AFE).
Retrospective, observational.
Nationwide.
Eleven autopsy cases of AFE and control cases.
We assessed pulmonary and ...uterine thrombus formation and thrombus area in AFE and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) as a control. The area of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, fibrin, neutrophil elastase, citrullinated histone H3 (a neutrophil extracellular trap marker) and mast cell chymase immunopositivity was measured in 90 pulmonary emboli, 15 uterine thrombi and 14 PTE.
Pathological evidence of thrombus formation and its components in AFE.
Amniotic fluid embolism lung showed massive thrombus formation, with or without amniotic emboli in small pulmonary arteries and capillaries. The median pulmonary thrombus size in AFE (median, 0.012 mm
; P < 0.0001) was significantly smaller than that of uterine thrombus in AFE (0.61 mm
) or PTE (29 mm
). The median area of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa immunopositivity in pulmonary thrombi in AFE (39%; P < 0.01) was significantly larger than that of uterine thrombi in AFE (23%) and PTE (15%). The median area of fibrin (0%; P < 0.001) and citrullinated histone H3 (0%; P < 0.01) immunopositivity in pulmonary thrombi in AFE was significantly smaller than in uterine thrombi (fibrin: 26%; citrullinated histone H3: 1.1%) and PTE (fibrin: 42%; citrullinated histone H3: 0.4%). No mast cells were identified in pulmonary thrombi.
Amniotic fluid may induce distinct thrombus formation in the uterus and lung. Pulmonary and uterine thrombi formation may contribute to cardiorespiratory collapse and/or consumptive coagulopathy in AFE.
Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions in atomic nuclei are sensitive to both nuclear shell structure and effective residual interactions. The nuclear GT excitations were studied for the mass number A = 42, ...46, 50, and 54 "f-shell" nuclei in ((3)He, t) charge-exchange reactions. In the (42)Ca → (42)Sc reaction, most of the GT strength is concentrated in the lowest excited state at 0.6 MeV, suggesting the existence of a low-energy GT phonon excitation. As A increases, a high-energy GT phonon excitation develops in the 6-11 MeV region. In the (54)Fe → (54)Co reaction, the high-energy GT phonon excitation mainly carries the GT strength. The existence of these two GT phonon excitations are attributed to the 2 fermionic degrees of freedom in nuclei.
Recent progress in the study of spin–isospin responses by charge exchange
(
p
,
n
)
and
(
n
,
p
)
reactions at 300–500 MeV is reviewed with special emphases on quenching of the total Gamow–Teller ...(GT) strength at a momentum transfer
q
=
0
fm
−
1
and enhancement of the spin-longitudinal (pionic) response in quasielastic scattering (QES) at
q
≈
1.7
fm
−
1
. This progress has been made possible by the development of experimental techniques such as polarization transfer measurements for
(
p
,
n
)
reactions and quasi-monochromatic neutron beam production for
(
n
,
p
)
measurements. Currently operating
(
p
→
,
n
→
)
and
(
n
,
p
)
facilities are described.
We present a detailed method of multipole decomposition analysis to extract GT strengths from the continuum spectra of the
Zr
90
(
p
,
n
)
and
(
n
,
p
)
reactions. From the obtained GT strength distributions, a quenching factor
Q
with respect to the GT sum rule value of
3
(
N
−
Z
)
can be derived. We also describe a method to obtain the polarized cross section
I
D
i
for the QES region from a complete set of polarization transfer coefficients
D
i
j
for the
(
p
→
,
n
→
)
reaction. The peak position of the GT giant resonance, the quenching factor
Q
, and the spin-longitudinal cross section
I
D
q
are used to estimate the values for the Landau–Migdal parameters, giving
g
NN
′
=
0.6
–
0.7
and
g
N
Δ
′
=
0.2
–
0.4
, which are appropriate for the wide range
q
≈
0
–
1.7
fm
−
1
. This small
g
N
Δ
′
value leads to a large increase in pionic attraction in a large momentum transfer region. One possible consequence of this is a reduction of the critical density of pion condensation, which is briefly touched upon. Another consequence is precursor phenomena of pion condensation in the normal nuclear density which appear in the enhancement of
I
D
q
.
Basic theoretical elements, including the
Δ
isobar degrees of freedom for analyzing experimental data, are described. Treatments of the continuum in reactions as well as in nuclear structure are emphasized. The framework of the distorted wave impulse approximation as well as two-step processes using the response functions in the continuum random phase approximation is described.
We present the measured spin correlation coefficient
C
y
,
y
for
p
-
3
He elastic scattering at 100 MeV at the angles
θ
c
.
m
.
=
46
.
9
∘
–
149
.
2
∘
in the center of mass system. The experiment was ...performed using a 100 MeV polarized proton beam in conjunction with the polarized
3
He target. Proton beams were injected to the target, and scattered protons were detected by using
E
-
Δ
E
detectors which consisted of plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillators. The data are compared with rigorous numerical calculations based on realistic
NN
potentials as well as with the
Δ
-isobar excitation . The obtained results indicate that the
C
y
,
y
expands the knowledge of the nuclear interactions with
Δ
-isobar or those including 3NFs that are masked in nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering.
The finite value of an electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) provides the direct evidence for the violation of time reversal symmetry. Fr atoms, whose enhancement factor is 895, trapped by laser ...cooling and trapping techniques are one of the strongest candidates for measuring the eEDM. We are constructing a beamline for measuring the eEDM using laser- cooled Fr atoms at the Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center. We have developed laser light sources including the frequency stabilization system and a magneto-optical trap system for Fr atoms. As the Fr production requires the cyclotron operation, we also use Rb atoms whose chemical properties are similar to those of the Fr atoms. Thus, the Rb beam is utilized for optimizing the operation parameters of the entire apparatus. We have also developed the laser light sources for Rb atoms and observed the beat signal for frequency stabilization of the source using the frequency offset locking method.
An Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) of the elementary particle is a good prove to observe the phenomena beyond the Standard Model. A non-zero EDM shows the violation of the time reversal symmetry, and ...under the CPT invariance it means the CP violation. In paramagnetic atoms, an electron EDM results in an atomic EDM enhanced by the factor of the 3rd power of the charge of the nucleus due the relativistic effects. A heaviest alkali element francium (Fr), which is the radioactive atom, has the largest enhancement factor K ~ 895. Then, we are developing a high intensity laser cooled Fr factory at Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University to perform the search for the EDM of Fr with the accuracy of 10 super(-29) e times cm. The important points to overcome the current accuracy limit of the EDM are to realize the high intensity Fr source and to reduce the systematic error due to the motional magnetic field and inhomogeneous applied field. To reduce the dominant component of the systematic errors mentioned above, we will confine the Fr atoms in the small region with the Magneto-Optical Trap and optical lattice using the laser cooling and trapping techniques. The construction of the experimental apparatus is making progress, and the new thermal ionizer already produces the Fr of ~10 super(6) ions/s with the primary beam intensity 200 nA. The developments of the laser system and optical equipments are in progress, and the present status and future plan of the experimental project is reported.
We consider a cell growth model involving a nonlinear system of partial differential equations which describes the growth of two types of cell populations with contact inhibition. Numerical ...experiments show that there is a parameter regime where, for a large class of initial data, the large time behaviour of the solutions is described by a segregated travelling wave solution with positive wave speed c. Here, the word segregated expresses the fact that the different types of cells are spatially segregated, and that the single densities are discontinuous at the moving interface which separates the two populations. In this paper, we show that, for each wave speed c > c, there exists an overlapping travelling wave solution, whose profile is continuous and no longer segregated. We also show that, for a large class of initial functions, the overlapping travelling wave solutions cannot represent the large time profile of the solutions of the system of partial differential equations. The structure of the travelling wave solutions strongly resembles that of the scalar Fisher-KPP equation, for which the special role played by the travelling wave solution with minimal speed has been extensively studied.
Abstract
The cross sections for
$(d,n)$
reactions on
^{\rm nat}{\rm C}$
–
^{197}{\rm Au}$
have been measured at a bombarding energy of 55 MeV and a laboratory scattering angle of
$\theta_{\rm lab} = ...9.5^{\circ}$
. The angular distributions for the
^{\rm nat}{\rm C}(d,n)$
reaction have also been obtained at
$\theta_{\rm lab} = 0^{\circ}$
–
$40^{\circ}$
. The neutron energy spectra are dominated by deuteron breakup contributions and their peak positions can be reasonably reproduced by considering the Coulomb force effects. The data are compared with the TENDL-2015 nuclear data and Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) calculations. Both calculations fail to reproduce the measured energy spectra and angular distributions.
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