Investigations were undertaken in the context of the potential environmental impact of carbon capture and storage (CCS) transportation in the form of a hypothetical leak of extreme levels of CO
into ...the soil environment and subsequent effects on plant physiology. Laboratory studies using purpose built soil chambers, separating and isolating the soil and aerial environments, were used to introduce high levels of CO
gas exclusively into the rhizosphere. CO
concentrations greater than 32% in the isolated soil environment revealed a previously unknown whole plant stomatal response. Time course measurements of stomatal conductance (g
), leaf temperature and leaf abscisic acid (ABA) show strong coupling between all three variables over a specific period (3 h following CO
gassing) occurring as a result of CO
-specific detection by roots. The coupling of g
and ABA subsequently breaks down resulting in a rapid and complete loss of turgor in the shoot. Root access to water is severely restricted as evidenced by the inability to counter turgor loss, however, the plant regains some turgor over time. Recovery of full turgor is not achieved over the longer term. Results suggest an immediate perception and whole plant response as changes in measured parameters (leaf temperature, g
and ABA) occur in the shoot, but the response is solely due to detection of very high CO
concentration at the root/soil interface which results in loss of stomatal regulation and disruption to control over water uptake.
Arginine is an important amino acid but has been barely studied in plants. The little research that has been done indicates that the pathways of synthesis are similar to those found in animals and ...procaryotes. However little is known about the cellular and tissue localization of the amino acid in plants. The research reported in this paper was designed to examine whether MALDI‐MSI was sufficiently sensitive to examine the distribution of this amino acid in plant material, and whether the synthetic pathways were co‐located. In wheat and orchid roots, the amount of arginine in tissues varies greatly and the pathways for its synthesis were not always detected with the amino acid.
This article examines social inclusion in the context of the deinstitutionalisation of mental health care. It draws on a scientific evaluation of the Belgian reform of mental health care (2010), ...designed to assess the influence of organisational mechanisms on the social and care trajectories of service users. The findings highlight the ongoing challenge for mental health systems to support the inclusion of service users within the community, and the increasingly difficult access to mental health care for people with complex and chronic mental health problems. Drawing from Systems Theory (Luhmann, 2013) and the analysis of subjective experiences, this article delves into the complex processes of social inclusion using the empirically-grounded concepts of the patient role and the impatient role. By acknowledging the relational dimensions of social inclusion, this article argues that complementarities between two faces of the mental health system are key to achieving inclusion beyond the walls of institutions and within society at large.
Module 2: Nonsurgical management of Spasticity Rajiv Reebye; Alexander Balbert; Djamel Bensmail ...
Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine,
06/2022, Letnik:
5, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Spasticity management should be part of a well-coordinated and comprehensive rehabilitation program that is patient-centric and goal-specific. There are a variety of options available for the ...treatment of spasticity. A usual approach is starting with the least invasive treatment modalities initially and gradually increasing to more complex interventions as this is required. This curriculum considers oral antispasticity drugs in terms of mechanism of action, clinical use, efficacy, and adverse events. It also presents other treatment options, such as chemical neurolysis using phenol and alcohol and chemodenervation using botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). Therapeutic intramuscular injections of BoNT-A require sound patient selection, accurate muscle selection, and precise localization. The common methods for achieving these are described. The importance of physiotherapy is explained, along with the necessity to combine treatment modalities to address spasticity and the various components of the upper motor neuron syndrome. Recognizing differences in various health-care systems across countries and regions, the authors aim to present various treatment options. While this section of the curriculum highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary effort in managing spasticity, it is understandable that not all treatment options are available uniformly. The challenge to clinicians is to make the most of the management options on hand to optimize outcomes.
•iFCR followed by 2 years of ibrutinib maintenance led to sustained deep remission in CLL irrespective of immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region gene status.•Recurrent CLL lacked BTK mutations ...and retained sensitivity to ibrutinib upon retreatment.
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We previously reported high rates of undetectable minimal residual disease <10−4 (uMRD4) with ibrutinib plus fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (iFCR) followed by 2-year ibrutinib maintenance (I-M) in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we report updated data from this phase 2 study with a median follow-up of 63 months. Of 85 patients enrolled, including 5 (6%) with deletion 17p or TP53 mutation, 91% completed iFCR and 2-year I-M. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 94% (95% confidence interval CI, 89%-100%) and 99% (95% CI, 96%-100%), respectively. No additional deaths have occurred with this extended follow-up. No difference in PFS was observed by immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region gene status or duration of I-M. High rates of peripheral blood (PB) uMRD4 were maintained (72% at the end of iFCR, 66% at the end of 2-year I-M, and 44% at 4.5 years from treatment initiation). Thirteen patients developed MRD conversion without clinical progression, mostly (77%) after stopping ibrutinib. None had Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) mutations. One patient had PLCG2 mutation. Six of these patients underwent ibrutinib retreatment per protocol. Median time on ibrutinib retreatment was 34 months. The cumulative incidence of atrial fibrillation was 8%. Second malignancy or nonmalignant hematologic disease occurred in 13%, mostly nonmelanoma skin cancer. Overall, iFCR with 2-year I-M achieved durably deep responses in patients with diverse CLL genetic markers. Re-emergent clones lacked BTK mutation and retained sensitivity to ibrutinib upon retreatment. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02251548.
Nivolumab and immune‐mediated colitis Walker, Heather; Brennan, Paul; Groome, Maximillian ...
Clinical case reports,
April 2019, Letnik:
7, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Key Clinical Message
Nivolumab is associated with a number of immune‐regulated adverse events, including immune‐mediated colitis and may present following the discontinuation of treatment. Current ...guidance suggests lower doses of methylprednisolone; however, we described faster resolution of the patient's symptoms compared to previous reported cases, using higher dosing, thereby minimizing hospitalization.
Nivolumab is associated with a number of immune‐regulated adverse events, including immune‐mediated colitis and may present following the discontinuation of treatment. Current guidance suggests lower doses of methylprednisolone; however, we described faster resolution of the patient's symptoms compared to previous reported cases, using higher dosing, thereby minimizing hospitalization.
Bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations in the Midwestern United States experienced historic declines due to habitat loss and exploitation but have rebounded in recent decades. We investigated natal ...dispersal of juvenile bobcats from a population in south-central Indiana, USA, from 1999 to 2006. We radiocollared 16 juvenile bobcats (11 M, 5 F) and monitored them for 237–1,014 days (x¯ = 506). One female (20%) and 11 males (100%) dispersed from natal home ranges that averaged 14.6 km2 in size. Most juveniles (70%) initiated dispersal from mid-February through March, late in their first year. Only 5 bobcats (42%) ultimately established a final home range 63 ± 35 km2 in size 13–92 km (x¯ = 44) from their natal range 140 ± 45 days after initiating dispersal. Survival did not differ (P = 0.93) between dispersing (S = 0.73) and philopatric (S = 0.75) individuals, although 4 bobcats (3 M, 1 F) were killed in collisions with vehicles. We found dispersal of bobcats in fragmented landscapes is prolonged and often unsuccessful; the ability of dispersers to locate suitable vacant habitat patches may be vital to the continued growth of bobcat populations recolonizing the agricultural Midwest.
In a proof of concept study aimed at showing that metabolites in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum), phloem exudates have potential as biochemical markers for cultivar discrimination, ...Argentinean cultivars from three quality groups (groups 1, 2, and 3 of high, intermediate, and low quality, respectively) were grown under two nitrogen (N) availabilities and analysed for metabolic profile by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Data as signal strengths of mass/charge (m/z) values binned to a resolution of 0.2 Daltons were subjected to principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. Certain bins were influential in discriminating groups taken in pairs and some were involved in separating all three groups. In high N availability, group 3 cultivars clustered away from the other cultivars, while group 1 cultivars clustered tightly together; group 2 cultivars were more scattered between group 1 and group 3 cultivars. In low N availability, the cultivars were not clustered as tightly; nonetheless, group 1 cultivars tended to cluster together and mainly separated from those of group 2. m/z values also showed potential for discrimination between N availability. In conclusion, phloem exudate metabolic profiles could provide biochemical markers for selection during breeding and for discerning the effects of N fertiliser application.
Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of surgery that is associated with significant adverse outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality. The perioperative burden ...of AKI risk factors is complex and potentially large, including high-risk nephrotoxic medications, hypotension, hypovolemia, radiologic contrast, anemia, and surgery-specific factors. Understanding the pathogenesis, risk factors, and potential cumulative impact of perioperative nephrotoxic exposures is particularly important in the prevention and reduction of perioperative AKI. This review outlines the possible strategies to reduce perioperative nephrotoxicity and the development of postoperative AKI.
A series of naphthalenyl-substituted arenediynes were prepared to examine photochemical reactivity. For naphthalen-1-ylethynyl arenediyne, 350 nm photolysis resulted in a tandem 2 + 2 ...photocycloaddition to afford cyclobutene adducts. For naphthalen-2-ylethynyl derivatives, electron-donating methoxy substituents were found to facilitate C1–C6 Bergman cyclization at 300 nm. Theoretical calculations provided further insight into thermal and photochemical reactivity.
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