Las fosfatasas alcalinas (FAl; E.C.3.1.3.1) son una superfamilia de metaloenzimas homodiméricas que hidrolizan mono esteres orto fosfóricos unidos a nucleótidos, proteínas y muchos otros ...sustratos, a pH entre 8-11 y en presencia de iones Zn+2 y Mg+2. Se inhiben con Be++, Fe++, Cu++ y varios poli aniones. Varios estudios han confirmado su carácter pleiotrópico, pero nuevos estudios estructurales, cinéticos y genéticos revelan nuevos roles metabólicos y funcionales. La concentración de FAl total y/ o isoenzimas, ha sido explotada como marcador de varios fenómenos biológicos en ciencias biomédicas (e.g. funcionalidad renal, hepática y ósea), ambientales (e.g. fosfatos en suelo marino y su remoción de aguas residuales), zoología (e.g. ciclos de fertilidad en aves) y alimentos (e.g. pasteurización de la leche). Como herramienta analítica, seguirán dando pie al desarrollo de varias técnicas inmuno enzimáticas, para beneficio de las ciencias biológicas. Abstract The alkaline phosphatases (AP) are a superfamily of homodimeric metalloenzymes (E.C.3.1.3.1) that hydrolyze orthophosphoric monoesters linked to nucleotides, proteins and many other substrates, at pH 8-11 and in the presence of Zn+2 and Mg+2 ions. They are inhibited by Be++, Fe++, Cu++ and several anions. Several studies have confirmed their pleiotropic nature, but new structural, kinetic and genetic studies reveal novel metabolic and functional characteristics. Total AP concentration and/or isoenzyme quantification, has been exploited as a marker of several biological phenomenon in biomedical sciences (e.g. renal, hepatic and bone functionality), environmental (e.g. phosphate in the seafloor and its removal from wastewater), zoology (e.g. fertility cycles in birds) and food sciences (e.g. milk pasteurization). As an analytic tool, will give rise to the development in various immune enzymatic techniques for the benefit of the life sciences. Keywords: alkaline phosphatase, enzyme kinetics, biomedicine, environmental sciences, food sciences.
The high consumption of sugar-added food products by children has stimulated research on formulations using ingredients such as mango bagasse (MB), which deliver health-associated components. This ...research aimed to characterize, perform a sensory evaluation, and assess the probiotic effect in vitro of MB-added gum confections (1:4 and 1:5 water:MB). The 1:4 formulation displayed the highest acceptance by 51 children from a primary school in Ciudad Juárez (Mexico). This formulation contained a high fiber content (10.50%) and phenolic compounds (mainly mangiferin and (+)-catechin), and it allowed L. plantarum, L. reuteri, L. helveticus, and L. rhamnosus GG growth. The results suggest that MB-confections are fiber- and polyphenol-rich products with a sensory profile accepted by children and prebiotic effects.
The PROP phenotype (6-n-propylthiouracil) has been proposed as indicator of body mass index, adiposity and food intake. This relationship among variables is contradictory. No correlation has been ...found among the PROP phenotype, body indicators and energy consumption in some studies. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among PROP taster status, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total body fat (TBF) and food intake. The PROP taster status was established using two scales: the nine-point scale and the general labeled magnitude scale. Dietary habits of participants were recorded online during 35 days. The classification by PROP phenotype varied according to the scale. No significant differences were observed between PROP tasters and PROP non-tasters, with both scales, in body mass index, waist circumference, total body fat and energy and macronutrient intake. The PROP phenotype was not an indicator factor of body weight, adiposity and energy and macronutrients consumption in young adults.
Chronodisruption leads to obesity and other metabolic disorders that can be alleviated by food-derived potential chronobiotics, such as phytomelatonin (PMT), phenolic compounds (PCs) and dietary ...fiber rich pistachios. Pistachios with (PN + SC) or without (PN) the seed coat were investigated for their
in vitro
chronobiotic potential since they are one of the main reported PMT sources. Consequently we evaluated the bioaccessibility, permeability, and biosynthesis of pistachio chronobiotics, particularly PMT, during gastrointestinal and colonic fermentation. The maximum
in vitro
bioaccessibility and apparent permeability (efflux-prone) of PCs, flavonoids and PMT were sample-specific ∼1.3% (both), 27 and 3.4% (PN + SC), but additional amounts (flavonoids > PCs > PMT) were released under simulated colonic conditions. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; 38 mM; >50% butyrate, PN + SC > PN) and some metabolites (
e.g.
, indole, benzaldehyde, phenolic acids, and aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons) were detected depending on the sample. The predominant pistachio butyrate production during
in vitro
colonic fermentation can improve chronodisruption and benefit obese individuals. Pistachio's digestion increases the bioaccessibility and intestinal permeability of potential chronobiotics (PMT and PCs) and the biosynthesis of colonic metabolites (SCFAs, among others) also with chronobiotic potential.
Chronodisruption leads to obesity and other metabolic disorders that can be alleviated by food-derived potential chronobiotics, such as phytomelatonin (PMT), phenolic compounds (PCs), and dietary fiberrich pistachios.
Objetivo: Revisar y discutir la información mas reciente sobre el valor agroindustrial, funcional y nutricional de uno de los frutos de mayor cultivo, exportación y consumo en México: el Mango. ...Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect) y documentos de libre acceso (Google Scholar) sobre Mangifera indica L. Esta información fue posteriormente sub-clasificada en aspectos agroindustriales, nutricionales, funcionales y efectos a la salud. Resultados: Uno de cada veinte mangos consumidos mundialmente, es mexicano. �"Ataulfo�" es la variedad la de mayor importancia agronómica. El procesamiento mínimo de su pulpa (MP) genera residuos de cáscara (MC) y semilla con alto potencial nutraceutico. MP y MC son buenas fuentes de ascorbato, fructosa, fibra dietarias soluble (MP, almidones y ramnogalacturonanos) e insoluble (MC, ligninas y hemicelulosa) y lípidos funcionales (MP). MP y MC poseen un perfil de compuestos fenólicos (CF) monomericos (MP) como el acido gálico y el protocatehuico y poliméricos (MC) como la ß-PGG asociados con efectos anti-obesigenicos, anti-inflamatorios, anti-cancerigenos y anti-diabeticos. Estos beneficios son dependientes de la bioaccesibilidad (liberación de su matriz alimentaria) y destino metábolico (biodisponibilidad) de estos CF. Discusión: El mango resulta una valiosa fuente de compuestos antioxidantes con comprobado beneficio a la salud. Sin embargo, factores como la variedad, temporalidad de cultivos, tratamientos pre y post-cosecha, extracción de bioactivos y algunas barreras fisiologicas pueden modificar su potencial nutraceutico.
Objetivo: evaluar el valor predictivo de la escala de Borg (CR-10; 1-10) para el inicio de la acumulación de lactato en sangre (OBLA). Métodos: 91 jóvenes mexicanos realizaron tres pruebas de ...ejercicio submáximas no consecutivas. La frecuencia cardíaca (FC), el lactato en sangre y el consumo de oxígeno se registraron en cada determinación del CR-10. Se calcularon ecuaciones de regresión y los puntos de corte de FC y al OBLA. Resultados: La FC (86 lat/min) y el CR-10 (4.5) predijeron el OBLA con la misma certeza, independientemente de la masa corporal del sujeto. CR-10, la FC y el consumo de oxígeno explicaron independientemente más de 60% de la varianza asociada al OBLA. Conclusiones: CR-10 es útil para predecir el OBLA con casi la misma certeza que la FC, independientemente de la masa corporal del sujeto. Introduction
En la producción de fórmulas hipoalergénicas, bebidas 5 fortificadas y nutraeéuticos para alimentación especial, se requieren ingredientes ideales. En este estudio. se obtuvieron ingredientes ...proteicos por medio de hidrólisis y síntesis enzimática con metionina a la proteína de soya. La hidrólisis se realizó a14% (p/v) con enzimas pancreáticas porcinas al 4 % (p/p), 50 °C, 6 h y pH 8. El hidrolizado seco se resuspendió al 20% (p/v) e incubó con 7.6% de metiléster de metionina (p/p), quimotripsina al 1% (p/p) y glicerol 3 M, 37 °C, 3 h y pH 7.0. Antes y después del enriquecimiento (E), el hidrolizado se fraccionó en 3 partes por ultrafiltración (UF): FI> 10, 10>FII>3 y 3>FIII>1 kDa. A la proteína nativa y todas las fracciones se les evaluaron propiedades funcionales, aminoácidos, factores antifisiológicos y antigenicidad; así como calidad proteica y características sensoriales a 2 de ellas. La hidrólisis y síntesis modificaron las propiedades proteicas y el enriquecimiento se dio en un mínimo de tiempo y metionina añadida. Después de la UF, las fracciones menores de 10 kDa presentaron solubilidad completa (pH 4 y 7), buena claridad y regular capacidad espumante. La FIII-E por su calidad nutricia, nulas antigenicidad y actividad antifisiológica, puede utilizarse en fórmulas infantiles hipoalergénicas. La FII-E por su composición de aminoácidos es adecuada para fórmulas fortificadas solubles y como única proteína en nutracéuticos. La FI. semejante al aislado comercial, es utilizable amortizando costos. La FI-E por su contenido de metionina, la estabilidad de su espuma, su actividad emulsificante y buen sabor, puede utilizarse en papillas infantiles.
Mango peel is a rich source of phenolic compounds (PC), which can be used in food fortification. The use of water-in-oil-in-water (W
1
/O/W
2
) emulsions represents a potential strategy to ...encapsulate, protect and incorporate PC from mango peel into food products. Moreover, even though non-digestible biopolymers are usually incorporated into emulsions to enhance stability, little is known about the effect on the digestibility and release of PC. In this study, a mango peel extract (MPE) was encapsulated using W
1
/O/W
2
emulsions containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; 0, 0.5, 1.0% w/w) in W
2
, and their colloidal stability, lipid digestibility kinetics (free fatty acid release), and release (in terms of antioxidant activity) under
in vitro
digestion conditions were evaluated. The presence of CMC in emulsions caused flocculation of droplets, which remained unchanged during the gastric phase, suggesting that bridging flocculation occurred. Moreover, a slower lipid digestion rate was observed in emulsions containing CMC, with
k
-values ranging between 0.21 and 0.25 min
−1
, compared to emulsions without CMC (around 0.14 min
−1
). However, although CMC may slow down the lipolysis reaction during the first 40 min due to physical or steric hindrance, at the end of the intestinal phase, emulsions with or without CMC had a similar final FFA release. Moreover, MPE release was triggered under gastric conditions, probably by osmotic imbalance, showing a constant antioxidant activity value during the intestinal phase only in emulsions containing CMC. This study provides relevant insights to design double emulsions as delivery systems of water-soluble bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, such as PC.
Water-in-oil-in-water emulsions represent an alternative to incorporate phenolic compounds (PC) from mango peel into food products. The emulsions' digestibility and subsequent PC release are affected in the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose.
Several self-report questionnaires have been used to evaluate various determiners of sports practice in young people, but very few have been applied to Mexicans. In this analysis, the questionnaire ...was administered to 222 subjects (13-25 years). We determined its internal consistency (Cronbach ), content validity (document analysis), construct (Exploratory Factor Analysis, EFA) as well as that of the criterion. The latter, by its correlation (Spearman) with anthropometric variables: body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)* and physiological (VO2max). The results showed that the internal consistency is acceptable (Cronbach’s = 0.68 to 0.85). Moreover, this questionnaire similarly responds to queries posed in surveys already reported (to find out the physical, educational, psychological and socio-demographic characteristics of physical/sports practice). The EFA showed 1, 2 and 3 factor structures with adequate Cronbach´s (~0,70) and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (~0,72) values. The practice of physical activity was associated with a lower BMI and higher VO2max. The questionnaire proved to be a valid instrument for investigating physical/sports habits and behavior in young people from northern Mexico.
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