Varias enfermedades crónicas transmisibles (p. ej. SIDA) y no transmisibles, entre ellas las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), cursan con estrés oxidativo (EOX) y dislipidemia. Según estudios in ...vitro en animales y algunos en humanos, la Spirulina puede reducir esta patología. Mediante una revisión sistemática de los últimos cinco años (palabras clave: Spirulina AND cholesterol, Spirulina AND oxidative stress) se localizaron ocho estudios de intervención en humanos, encontrándose que la administración (1-10 g/d) subcrónica (0,5-6 meses) parece tener efecto hipolipemiante y antioxidante. Sin embargo, ningún estudio fue correctamente aleatorizado y/o controlado, y tampoco se proponen los mecanismos biológicos que respalden estos efectos. El nivel de evidencia encontrado y la ausencia de diseños experimentales apropiados no permiten comprobar el valor de la Spirulina como alimento funcional para prevenir la dislipidemia y el EOX y, por este medio, disminuir las ECV; sin embargo, no encontramos manuscritos que refieran efectos nocivos de su ingesta.
Objective: To maximize somatotype and body image (BI) as predictors of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in university students in northern Mexico. Methods: Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist ...circumference (WC, cm), somatotype and self-perception of the BI from 329 college students (17-35 years, 51% males) were evaluated; Sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy of said variables were also evaluated, using ROC curves and classification/regression tree analysis. Results: Average BMI and WC were 24 ± 4 and 79 ± 9 (male) and 25 ± 5 and 81 ± 10 (female). Somatotype and BI changes predicted both BMI (≥ 82.6%) and WC (≥ 87.4%); A somatotype scale ≥ 5.35 (endomorphy), ≥ 4.75 (mesomorphy) and ≤ 1.25 (ectomorphy), or an BI> 3.5 predicted overweight/obesity, while a somatotype ≥ 6.55 (endomorphy), ≥ 5.45 (mesomorphy), ≤ 1.15 (ectomorphy), or a BI ≥ 4.5 predicted abdominal obesity and thinness idealization. Conclusions: Somatotype and the BI are useful tools to predict overall and abdominal obesity in Mexican college students. (English) ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
Objetivo: Maximizar somatotipo e imagem do corpo (IC) como preditores de sobrepeso/obesidade e obesidade abdominal em estudantes universitários no norte do México. Métodos: Foram avaliados o Indice de massa corporal (IMC, Kg/m2), a circunferência da cintura (CC, cm) somatotipia e auto-percepção do IC 329 estudantes universitários (17-35 anos, 51% masculino); Sensibilidade, especificidade, precisão e precisão destas variáveis também foram avaliados usando ROC análise curvas e árvore de classificação/regressão. Resultados IMC e CC foram média 24 ± 4 e 79 ± 9 (macho) e 25 ± 5 e 81 ± 10 (fêmea). Alterações na somatotipo e IC previsto tanto IMC (≥ 82,6%) como CC (≥ 87,4%); Uma escala de somatotipia ≥ 5,35 (endomorph) ≥ 4,75 (mesomorfia) e ≤ 1,25 (ectomorfia), ou CI> 3,5 previu excesso de peso / obesidade, enquanto um somatotipo ≥ 6,55 (endomorph) ≥ 5,45 (mesomorfia) ≤ 1,15 (ectomorfia), ou um IC ≥ 4,5 previu obesidade abdominal e idealização de magreza. Conclusões: Somatotipo eo IC são ferramentas úteis para prever a obesidade geral e abdominal em estudantes universitários mexicanos.
Objetivo: maximizar el somatotipo y la imagen corporal (IC) como predictores de sobrepeso/obesidad y obesidad abdominal en estudiantes universitarios del norte de México. Métodos: se evaluaron el índice de masa corporal (IMC, kg/m2), la circunferencia de cintura (CC, cm), el somatotipo y la autopercepción de la IC de 329 estudiantes universitarios (17-35 años, 51% varones); Se evaluaron además la sensibilidad, especificidad, precisión y certidumbre de dichas variables, usando curvas ROC y análisis de árbol de clasificación/regresión. Resultados: El IMC y la CC promedio fueron 24±4 y 79±9 (masculino) y 25±5 y 81±10 (femenino). Los cambios en somatotipo e IC predijeron tanto el IMC (≥ 82.6%) como la CC (≥ 87.4%); Una escala de somatotipo ≥ 5.35 (endomorfia), ≥ 4.75 (mesomorfia) y ≤ 1.25 (ectomorfia), o una IC > 3.5 predijeron sobrepeso/obesidad, mientras que un somatotipo ≥ 6.55(endomorfia), ≥ 5.45(mesomorfia), ≤ 1.15(ectomorfia), o una IC ≥ 4.5 predijeron obesidad abdominal e idealización de delgadez. Conclusiones: el somatotipo y la IC son herramientas útiles para predecir obesidad general y abdominal en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos.
Physicochemical studies have shown that dietary fiber (DF) interacts with phenolic compounds (PC) present in many fruits. However PC release from DF in simulated gastrointestinal conditions has been ...scarcely reported. The aim of this study was to compare PC bio accessibility from freeze‐dried pulps of Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo; MA), papaya (Carica papaya cv. Maradol; PM) and pineapple (Anana comosus cv. Esmeralda; PE) in an enzymatic digestion model (EDM). Soluble (SDF), insoluble (IDF) and total (TDF) DF and Klason lignin (KL) were assayed in 100g of dry weight (DW). MetOH : Water (80:20 v/v‐ Extractable (EPC) and total (TPC) PC, condensed (CT) and hydrolysable (HT) tannins, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) to reduce DPPH and ABTS radicals and fractions of PC associated (PCADF) to DF (SDF, IDF and TDF) were expressed in 100g fresh weight (FW). PC release from MA, PM and PE was also evaluated in EDM. PE had the highest (p<0.05) content of TDF (6.8g) and IDF (5.0g) but lesser SDF (1.8g) than MA & PM but KL was not detected in any fruit. MA showed a higher content (p蠄0.001) of EPC, HT and TPF (144.3, 130.0 y 274.3 mgEAG, respectively) than PM or PE. TAC of PE and PM was 73.4%/28.2% less than in MA (p蠄0.001) which directly correlate (rs蠅0.95) with EPC, HT and TPF content but inversely with TDF and IDF (rs蠅 0.87) of all three fruits. The lower the TDF and IDF (rs= ‐0.62) or higher TPC and EPC (rs=0.88) content the higher PCADF even when they represented 蠄6.1% TPC of all three fruits. In EDM 58, 47 and 56% of TFC present in MA, PM and PE were released with gastric pepsin and a further 33, 20 and 47% was liberated with α‐amylase which coincided with DPPH‐TAC at both enzymatic stages (rs=0.98 and 0.91, respectively). It is concluded that bio‐accessibility of phenolic compounds from Pineapple, Mango and Papaya are not compromised by their dietary fiber but for their amylaceous carbohydrates.
Grant Funding Source: Supported by CONACyT (Investigación Científica Básica 2012, Proyecto 179574)
Hatha Yoga (HY) can be an alternative to improve physical activity in middle-aged and older women. However, conventional HY (CHY) exercising may not result in enough training stimulus to improve ...cardiovascular fitness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intensive HY intervention (IHY) on cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older women from Northern Mexico.
In this prospective quasiexperimental design, four middle-aged and nine older CHY practicing females (yoginis) were enrolled into an 11-week IHY program consisting of 5 sessions/week for 90 min (55 sessions). The program adherence, asana performance, and work intensity were assessed along the intervention. Anthropometric body mass index (BMI), % body fat and Σ skin folds, cardiovascular fitness maximal expired air volume (VE(max)), maximal O(2) consumption (VO(2max)), maximal heart rate (HR(max)), systolic (BPs) and diastolic blood pressure (BPd), biochemical glucose, triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and dietary parameters were evaluated before and after IHY.
Daily caloric intake (~1,916 kcal/day), program adherence (~85%), and exercising skills (asana performance) were similar in both middle-aged and older women. The IHY program did not modify any anthropometric measurements. However, it increased VO(2max) and VE(max) and HDL-C while TAG and LDL-C remained stable in both middle-aged and older groups (P < 0.01).
The proposed IHY program improves different cardiovascular risk factors (namely VO(2max) and HDL-C) in middle-aged and older women.
Introducción: Estudios sobre el estado de salud y nutrición de Mexicanos con discapacidad intelectual (DI) incluyendo aquellos con Síndrome de Down (SD), son escasos. Objetivo: Analizar algunos ...factores fisiológicos y sociales asociados a la masa corporal de jóvenes con DI del norte de México. Métodos: A 57 jóvenes con DI (17 ± 5 años, SD = 16%) y al menos uno de sus tutores, se les midió su peso, talla, y otras variables antropométricas. Se determinó su IMC (kg/m²), somatotipo y estado nutricio mediante 3 criterios internacionales y glucosa, colesterol total y triacilglicéridos plasmáticos. Al tutor se le aplicó un cuestionario socioeconómico, de inseguridad alimentaria y conocimientos de nutrición. Resultados: Los participantes con SD eran 12 cm más pequeños y median 6 mm más de pliegue subscapular (PSECP) que aquellos con otra DI (p < 0,05). El sobrepeso-obesidad estuvo presente en 70 y 44%, respectivamente. Los parámetros bioquímicos fueron similares entre grupos, pero 25% tenía alguna dislipidemia. El IMC del participante correlacionó (p < 0,01) con varios indicadores antropométricos y de adiposidad (r = 0,40 a 0,88), plasmáticos triacilglicéridos (r = 0,48), colesterol total (r = 0,44) y edad del participante y tutor (r = 0,35). El gasto en alimentos correlaciono con PSECP del participante (r = -0,33, p < 0,05). La circunferencia de cadera, cintura, pantorrilla y PSECP, explicaron el 89% de la varianza del IMC. Conclusión: La masa corporal de jóvenes con DI del norte de México se relaciona fuertemente con el grado de adiposidad corporal, con dislipidemias y con factores socioeconómicos de su entorno familiar.
The fruit of Guamúchil is an excellent source of bioactive compounds for human health although their natural occurrence could be affected by the ripening process. The aim was to evaluate some ...physicochemical, chemical and antioxidant changes in guamúchil fruit during six ripening stages (I to VI). A defined trend (
p
≤ 0.003) was observed for color °Hue, 109 (light green) to 20 (dark red), anthocyanins (+571 %), soluble solids (+0.33
o
Brix), ash (+16 %), sucrose (−91 %), proanthocyanidins (63 %), ascorbic acid (−52 %) and hydrolysable PC (−21 %). Carotenoids were not detected and chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound. Maximal availability of these bioactives per ripening stage (
p
≤ 0.03) was as follows: I (protein/ lipids/ sucrose/ proanthocyanidins/ hydrolysable phenolics), II (total sugars/ascorbic acid), III (total phenolics), IV (flavonoids/ chlorogenic acid) and VI (fructose/ glucose/ anthocyanins). Color change was explained by sucrose (β = 0.47) and anthocyanin (β = 0.20) contents (
p
< 0.001). Radical scavenging capacity (ORAC, DPPH and TEAC) strongly correlated with total PC (
r
= 0.49–0.65, p ≤ 0.001) but 89 % of ORAC’s associated variance was explained by anthocyanin + sucrose + ascorbic acid (
p
≤ 0.0001). Guamúchil fruit could be a more convenient source of specific bioactive compounds if harvested at different ripening stages.
Spices are aromatic plants that have been widely used in Mexico to preserve or seasoning different foods, but have also been used as herbal remedies to cure some diseases. These culinary and ...medicinal properties of spices have been attributed to several food components, including phytochemicals. Among them, polyphenolic compounds have been extensively studied for their effect against several chronic and degenerative diseases, probably due to their antioxidant activity. The study of the antioxidant capacity of Mexican spices may lead to new research on the potential benefits of these spices on human health. This paper analyzes the main studies on the potential beneficial effects of traditional Mexican spices on human health.
IntroductionIn order to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors, a healthy diet must include dietary antioxidants from different sources (eg, Spirulina maxima) and regular practice of exercise ...should be promoted. There is some evidence from animal studies that S. maxima and exercise decrease cardiovascular disease risks factors. However, very few studies have proved the independent or synergistic effect of S. maxima plus exercise in humans. This study attempts to address the independent and synergistic effects in overweight and obese subjects participating in a systematic physical exercise programme at moderate intensity on general fitness, plasma lipid profile and antioxidant capacity.Methods and analysisUsing a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced crossover study design, 80 healthy overweight and obese subjects will be evaluated during a 12-week isoenergetic diet accompanied by 4.5 g/day S. maxima intake and/or a physical systematic exercise programme at moderate intensity. Body composition, oxygen uptake, heart rate, capillary blood lactate, plasma concentrations of triacylglycerols, total, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, antioxidant status, lipid oxidation, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and paraoxonase will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThis study and all the procedures have been approved by the Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez Bioethics Committee. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02837666.
Several chronic transmissible (e.g. AIDS) and non transmissible diseases like cadiovascular disease, are associated with oxidative stress (EOX) and dyslipidemia. Has been reported that Spirulina can ...reduce them, this has been demonstrated in vitro and in animal models but scarcely in humans. Through a systematic review on last 5 years (keywords: Spirulina AND cholesterol, Spirulina AND oxidative stress) 8 intervention studies with humans were reported, finding that oral (1-10 g/d) subchronic (0.5-6 month) administration of Spirulina appears to have and hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect. However, no study was properly randomized and/or controlled and no biological mechanism was proposed to support these findings. The level of evidence and the absence of appropriate experimental designs do not allow validating Spirulina as a functional food for preventing dyslipidemic diseases and EOX, and hereby decrease the CVD. We do not found papers relating harmful effect.
Introducción. El arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) posee un alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos los cuales han sido estudiados principalmente por su actividad antioxidante, antiobesogénica, ...antiinflamatoria, entre otras. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la digestión gastrointestinal in vitro sobre la bioaccesibilidad de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de una formulación nutracéutica de arándano (cápsula), comparado con arándano fresco y polvo. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron extractos metanólicos de muestras de arándano fresco y liofilizado y se determinó su contenido de fenoles, flavonoides y antocianinas totales, así como también actividad antioxidante. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo de simulación de digestión gastrointestinal para evaluar la bioaccesibilidad de los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las muestras. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que la digestión gástrica de arándano en polvo y en cápsula promovió una mayor bioaccesibilidad de fenoles (42% y 40%), flavonoides (52% y 33%) y antocianinas (45% y 40%) comparado con digestos de arándano fresco. Posterior a la digestión intestinal, la bioaccesibilidad de fenoles (63%) y flavonoides (67%) fue mayor en la cápsula de arándano comparada con su contraparte arándano en polvo. Las condiciones de digestión intestinal afectaron negativamente la bioaccesibilidad de las antocianinas independientemente del tipo de muestra evaluada. Conclusión. Las condiciones de digestión gástrica promueven una mayor estabilidad de los compuestos fenólicos en arándano en polvo y en cápsula lo que pudiera ser relevante para el mantenimiento de un ambiente antioxidante a este nivel. Las condiciones de digestión intestinal afectaron de manera particular a los compuestos fenólicos de arándano fresco y polvo, pero no a la cápsula, lo que puede sugerir que el encapsulamiento protegió de las condiciones alcalinas a los fenoles presentes. Se sugieren estudios posteriores sobre absorción in vitro de los componentes remanentes en intestino y sus posibles efectos sobre biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en modelos in vivo.
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