Abstract Background Many studies have found an association between Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults. We intended ...to determine whether substance abuse and SUDs are associated with former and current ADHD symptomatology in a non-clinical sample of 17 and 18 year old males. Method A representative sample of 3280 young men (6.8% of all males born in Austria in the respective year) was investigated during the examination for military service. We collected data on past (WURS) and current (ADHD symptom checklist) ADHD symptomatology, substance abuse, parental substance use and abuse and motives for substance use. Results Measured by WURS, 10.1% had scored positive for past ADHD symptoms. 2.7% of all subjects stated that they have been treated for ADHD and 1.5% reported that they had at one point received pharmacological treatment for the condition. Abuse of alcohol, nicotine and illicit substances was significantly (p < .01) more frequent in subjects with ADHD syndrome. Perceived parental alcohol abuse increased the risk for ADHD in the offspring. Motives for substance use differed greatly between groups. Limitations The sample consists of men only. Subjects had to be fit enough to be enlisted military service, generating a possible bias towards healthier subjects. The cross-sectional design does not allow conclusions about the temporal relationships between ADHD symptoms and substance abuse. Conclusion Identification of vulnerability factors for comorbid ADHD and SUD in adolescence should be intensified. Preventive strategies ought to be established.
Devant les difficultés inhérentes au caractere illimité du lexique, cette étude des noms de la maison en français se fonde sur un corpus restreint (133 lexemes), afin de pouvoir en analyser les ...éléments selon leurs traits pertinents de sens, comme on le fait en phonologie a partir des traits phoniques pertinents. Cette étude permet d'aboutir a la conclusion qu'une structure partielle du lexique en général peut etre ainsi révélée, mais qu'elle reste lacunaire.
When it comes to negation, the Romance languages have generally stuck to the Latin model (non), which remains unchanged in Italian and differs only slightly in Spanish (no) In French, however, it is ...a different and more inventive story, involving two negative particles, the second of which originally provided a literal and precise meaning. For example, je ne marche pas (“not a single step”), je ne vois point (“not even a dot”), je ne bois goutte (“not even a drop”), and je ne mange mie (“not the slightest crumb”). The discontinuous monemes that survive in French today (ne . . . pas, ne . . . point, and the less frequent ne . . . guère) thus started life in quite a different way. This paper will attempt to retrace their journey from an originally unlimited source of lexical forms to the particularly limited grammatical units used to express negation in French today.
Alcohol and Tobacco Lesch, Otto-Michael; Walter, Henriette; Wetschka, Christian ...
2010
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In this book, new therapeutic approaches are comprehensively described, outlining the different interactions between personality, environment and the effects of the substance. In addition, the book ...provides a broad overview of the American and European epidemiology of alcohol and nicotine addictions. The book is written for all those who care for and offer professional therapy for alcohol and nicotine-addicted patients.
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