In order to improve the teaching level of college music teachers, in this essay the discrimination of college music teaching level based on the wave equation is put forward. In this study, the ...advantages of pattern recognition are utilized to establish a college music teaching level evaluation model based on wave equation. The wave equation is adopted to replace the complex function representation in the traditional statistical method, so as to reduce the influence of subjective factors on teaching level evaluation and explore the potential factor correlation in the evaluation process. The linear fuzzy indivisible samples are mapped to high dimensional space to make them linearly divisible, which avoids the traditional process from induction to deduction in essence and simplifies the classification process of nonlinear problems. Structural risk minimization theory ensures global optimization of segmentation and reduces expected risk. The results of this study can be combined with existing research methods to enhance the objectivity of evaluation methods and the accuracy of evaluation results, which has certain reference significance for improving teachers’ teaching level and promoting the improvement of teaching quality.
Abstract
A passivation layer called the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is formed on electrode surfaces from decomposition products of electrolytes. The SEI allows Li
+
transport and blocks ...electrons in order to prevent further electrolyte decomposition and ensure continued electrochemical reactions. The formation and growth mechanism of the nanometer thick SEI films are yet to be completely understood owing to their complex structure and lack of reliable in situ experimental techniques. Significant advances in computational methods have made it possible to predictively model the fundamentals of SEI. This review aims to give an overview of state-of-the-art modeling progress in the investigation of SEI films on the anodes, ranging from electronic structure calculations to mesoscale modeling, covering the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrolyte reduction reactions, SEI formation, modification through electrolyte design, correlation of SEI properties with battery performance, and the artificial SEI design. Multi-scale simulations have been summarized and compared with each other as well as with experiments. Computational details of the fundamental properties of SEI, such as electron tunneling, Li-ion transport, chemical/mechanical stability of the bulk SEI and electrode/(SEI/) electrolyte interfaces have been discussed. This review shows the potential of computational approaches in the deconvolution of SEI properties and design of artificial SEI. We believe that computational modeling can be integrated with experiments to complement each other and lead to a better understanding of the complex SEI for the development of a highly efficient battery in the future.
•COVID-19 infection can lead to the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome MODS within a few days of disease onset.•A powerful cytokine ...storm accompanies COVID-19 pneumonia.•The capacity to accurately predict and intervene in the cytokine storm during COVID-19 pneumonia, as well as the ability to design effective specific strategies to block excessive inflammation, is critical for patient survival.
Clinical intervention in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated a strong upregulation of cytokine production in patients who are critically ill with SARS-CoV2-induced pneumonia. In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild symptoms, whereas some patients later developed aggravated disease symptoms, and eventually passed away because of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as a consequence of a severe cytokine storm. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia were first published January 30th, 2020; these guidelines recommended for the first time that cytokine monitoring should be applied in severely ill patients to reduce pneumonia related mortality. The cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 illness is also an important component of mortality in other viral diseases, including SARS, MERS and influenza. In view of the severe morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, we review the current understanding of treatment of human coronavirus infections from the perspective of a dysregulated cytokine and immune response.
The properties of the electrolyte are the dominant factors for the overall performance and safety of electrical energy storage devices. Highly concentrated “water in salt” (WIS) electrolytes are ...inherently non-flammable, moisture-tolerant, and exhibit wide electrochemical stability windows, making them promising electrolytes for high-performance energy storage devices. However, WIS electrolytes possess intrinsically low conductivity and high viscosity, which usually impair the high-rate performance of many energy storage devices, especially supercapacitors (SCs). Additionally, the inevitable salt precipitation at low temperature for WIS electrolytes narrows down their applicable temperature range. Here, we introduce acetonitrile as a co-solvent to a typical “water in salt” electrolyte to formulate an “acetonitrile/water in salt” (AWIS) hybrid electrolyte that provides significantly improved conductivity, reduced viscosity and an expanded applicable temperature range while maintaining the aforementioned important physicochemical properties of WIS electrolytes. Using the AWIS electrolyte for a model SC remarkably enhances the high-rate performance, accompanied by a 2.4 times capacitance increase at 10 A g
−1
with respect to the original WIS electrolyte. This AWIS electrolyte also enables a stable long-term cycling capability of the model SC for over 14 000 cycles at a high operation voltage of 2.2 V.
•ED nurses exposed to COVID-19 could be psychologically and mentally exhausted.•Prevalence of depression among 1,103 ED nurses was 43.61% (95% CI=40.68%–46.54%).•A heightened awareness of and timely ...treatment for depression for frontline ED nurses should be provided.
Frontline medical staff exposed to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could be psychologically and mentally exhausted. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) and their correlates and the association between depression and quality of life (QOL) in Emergency Department (ED) nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
This national, cross-sectional online survey was conducted between March 15 and March 20, 2020 in China. Depression and QOL were measured using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version, respectively.
The overall prevalence of depression in 1103 ED nurses was 43.61% (95% CI=40.68–46.54%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that working in tertiary hospitals (OR=1.647, P=0.009), direct patient care of COVID-19 patients (OR=1.421, P=0.018), and current smokers (OR=3.843, P<0.001) were significantly associated with depression. After controlling for covariates, nurses with depression had an overall lower QOL compared to those without (F(1,1103)=423.83, P<0.001).
Depression was common among ED nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the negative impact of depression on quality of patient care and nurses’ QOL, a heightened awareness of, and early treatment for depression for frontline ED nurses should be provided.
Highlights
The current issues and recent advances in polymer/inorganic composite electrolytes are reviewed.
The molecular interaction between different components in the composite environment is ...highlighted for designing high-performance polymer/inorganic composite electrolytes.
Inorganic filler properties that affect polymer/inorganic composite electrolyte performance are pointed out.
Future research directions for polymer/inorganic composite electrolytes compatible with high-voltage lithium metal batteries are outlined.
Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are widely considered the essential components for upcoming rechargeable lithium-ion batteries owing to the potential for great safety and energy density. Among them, polymer solid-state electrolytes (PSEs) are competitive candidates for replacing commercial liquid electrolytes due to their flexibility, shape versatility and easy machinability. Despite the rapid development of PSEs, their practical application still faces obstacles including poor ionic conductivity, narrow electrochemical stable window and inferior mechanical strength. Polymer/inorganic composite electrolytes (PIEs) formed by adding ceramic fillers in PSEs merge the benefits of PSEs and inorganic solid-state electrolytes (ISEs), exhibiting appreciable comprehensive properties due to the abundant interfaces with unique characteristics. Some PIEs are highly compatible with high-voltage cathode and lithium metal anode, which offer desirable access to obtaining lithium metal batteries with high energy density. This review elucidates the current issues and recent advances in PIEs. The performance of PIEs was remarkably influenced by the characteristics of the fillers including type, content, morphology, arrangement and surface groups. We focus on the molecular interaction between different components in the composite environment for designing high-performance PIEs. Finally, the obstacles and opportunities for creating high-performance PIEs are outlined. This review aims to provide some theoretical guidance and direction for the development of PIEs.
Safe and effective delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain is important for successful therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
To develop Huperzine A (HupA)-loaded, mucoadhesive and targeted ...polylactide-co-glycoside (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) with surface modification by lactoferrin (Lf)-conjugated N-trimethylated chitosan (TMC) (HupA Lf-TMC NPs) for efficient intranasal delivery of HupA to the brain for AD treatment.
HupA Lf-TMC NPs were prepared using the emulsion-solvent evaporation method and optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, adhesion and in vitro release behavior were investigated. The cellular uptake was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the NPs. In vivo imaging system was used to investigate brain targeting effect of NPs after intranasal administration. The biodistribution of Hup-A NPs after intranasal administration was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Optimized HupA Lf-TMC NPs had a particle size of 153.2±13.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.229±0.078, zeta potential of +35.6±5.2 mV, drug entrapment efficiency of 73.8%±5.7%, and sustained release in vitro over a 48 h period. Adsorption of mucin onto Lf-TMC NPs was 86.9%±1.8%, which was significantly higher than that onto PLGA NPs (32.1%±2.5%). HupA Lf-TMC NPs showed lower toxicity in the 16HBE cell line compared with HupA solution. Qualitative and quantitative cellular uptake experiments indicated that accumulation of Lf-TMC NPs was higher than nontargeted analogs in 16HBE and SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo imaging results showed that Lf-TMC NPs exhibited a higher fluorescence intensity in the brain and a longer residence time than nontargeted NPs. After intranasal administration, Lf-TMC NPs facilitated the distribution of HupA in the brain, and the values of the drug targeting index in the mouse olfactory bulb, cerebrum (with hippocampus removal), cerebellum, and hippocampus were about 2.0, 1.6, 1.9, and 1.9, respectively.
Lf-TMC NPs have good sustained-release effect, adhesion and targeting ability, and have a broad application prospect as a nasal drug delivery carrier.
The symptom burden in people with HIV (PWH) is considerable. Nonetheless, the identification of a central symptom, or bridge symptom, among the myriad symptoms experienced by PWH remains unclear. ...This study seeks to establish networks of symptom experiences within different clusters and investigate the relationships and interconnectedness between these symptoms in PWH.BACKGROUNDThe symptom burden in people with HIV (PWH) is considerable. Nonetheless, the identification of a central symptom, or bridge symptom, among the myriad symptoms experienced by PWH remains unclear. This study seeks to establish networks of symptom experiences within different clusters and investigate the relationships and interconnectedness between these symptoms in PWH.A multicenter, cross-sectional descriptive design was carried out in China over two periods: November 2021 to January 2022 and April 2022 to May 2022. A total of 711 PWH completed online questionnaires, providing information on demographics and the 27-item Self-Report Symptom Scale. The symptom network was analyzed using Network/Graph theory, allowing for the exploration of connections between physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms. This analysis was based on data from a subset of 493 individuals out of the total 711 PWH.METHODSA multicenter, cross-sectional descriptive design was carried out in China over two periods: November 2021 to January 2022 and April 2022 to May 2022. A total of 711 PWH completed online questionnaires, providing information on demographics and the 27-item Self-Report Symptom Scale. The symptom network was analyzed using Network/Graph theory, allowing for the exploration of connections between physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms. This analysis was based on data from a subset of 493 individuals out of the total 711 PWH.A total of 493 PWH who exhibited symptoms out of a total of 711 PWH were analyzed. The average number of symptoms reported was 5.367. The most prevalent symptom was sleep disturbance (37.98%). In the node centrality analysis, a cognitive symptom, 'becoming confusing', emerged as the most central symptom with significant values for node centrality (strength = 1.437, betweenness = 140.000, closeness = 0.003). Fever was identified as the bridge symptom with the highest bridge strength (0.547), bridge closeness (0.053), lower bridge betweenness (23.000), and bridge expectedinfluence (0.285). Overall, our network displayed good accuracy and stability.RESULTSA total of 493 PWH who exhibited symptoms out of a total of 711 PWH were analyzed. The average number of symptoms reported was 5.367. The most prevalent symptom was sleep disturbance (37.98%). In the node centrality analysis, a cognitive symptom, 'becoming confusing', emerged as the most central symptom with significant values for node centrality (strength = 1.437, betweenness = 140.000, closeness = 0.003). Fever was identified as the bridge symptom with the highest bridge strength (0.547), bridge closeness (0.053), lower bridge betweenness (23.000), and bridge expectedinfluence (0.285). Overall, our network displayed good accuracy and stability.Early identification and assessment of the central or bridge symptoms should be emphasized in clinical practice. According to the findings from network analysis, healthcare providers should proactively explore intervention strategies or bundle care to alleviate the burden of symptoms and enable anticipatory care.CONCLUSIONEarly identification and assessment of the central or bridge symptoms should be emphasized in clinical practice. According to the findings from network analysis, healthcare providers should proactively explore intervention strategies or bundle care to alleviate the burden of symptoms and enable anticipatory care.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sex is an essential part of life and is a basic demand for human beings. Coronary heart disease can have an impact on patients' sexual lives; however, not much attention has been paid to it in China, ...and few studies have been conducted on this topic. Therefore, this study used a qualitative approach to understand the sexual experience of patients after the illness, thus laying the foundation for the development of relevant measures. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 patients. Descriptive phenomenological methods were employed to collect data and explore the sexual experience of patients with coronary heart disease. A total of 4 thematic groups, 9 themes, and 23 subthemes were extracted. The four thematic groups were independent and cross-influenced. In these groups, alterations in the sexual experience, including the change in sexual physiology and psychological state, were affected by the lack of knowledge, age, disease, and other factors. Furthermore, the patient's perception of sexuality affected the quality of sexual life after the illness. The sexual experience of patients with coronary heart disease and its influencing factors, such as age, disease factors, and lack of related knowledge, were described. The findings are expected to aid in formulating targeted and personalized intervention measures.
In recent years, biodegradable polymers have gained the attention of many researchers for their promising applications, especially in drug delivery, due to their good biocompatibility and designable ...degradation time. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable functional polymer made from the polymerization of lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA) and is widely used in pharmaceuticals and medical engineering materials because of its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and good plasticity. The aim of this review is to illustrate the progress of research on PLGA in biomedical applications, as well as its shortcomings, to provide some assistance for its future research development.
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