Abstract Constitutional activation of the MYC proto-oncogene resulting from a t(8;14) has been demonstrated in approximately 80% of Burkitt lymphoma patients, but only in one case of acute myeloid ...leukemia (AML). We report on a 59-year-old female diagnosed with minimally differentiated AML (M0). Chromosome analysis demonstrated both a 7q deletion and a t(8;14). Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies confirmed MYC / IGH fusion in 35% of nuclei, but the translocation was atypical due to lack of immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IGH ) gene disruption. Such an atypical fusion has never been reported, so the effect on MYC regulation due to proximity of IGH regulatory elements is unknown. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated no increase in MYC expression ( P = 0.12). These results suggest that this novel translocation does not result in dysregulation of MYC expression, so this is likely to be a coincidental, benign finding in this patient. This is yet another example of a classic cytogenetic abnormality observed on conventional chromosome analysis which has no functional significance.
We prove non-Archimedean analogs of results of Noguchi and Winkelmann showing algebraic degeneracy of rigid analytic maps to projective varieties omitting an effective divisor with sufficiently many ...irreducible components relative to the rank of the group they generate in the Neron-Severi group of the variety.
The semiconductor industry is going through a technology transition from 200mm to 300mm wafers to improve manufacturing efficiency and reduce manufacturing cost per chip. These technological changes ...present a unique opportunity to optimally design the process control systems for the next generation fabs. In this paper we first propose a hierarchical fab-wide control framework with the integration of 300mm equipment and metrology tools and highly automated material handling system. Relevant existing run-to-run technology is reviewed and analyzed in the fab-wide control context, process and metrology data monitoring are discussed with an example, and missing components are pointed out as opportunities for future research and development. Concluding remarks are given at the end of the paper.
...how and why have so many Chinese citizens come to praise the state leadership’s effective public health measures? Strangely enough, it was popularized as the translated title of British ...psychologist Richard Wiseman’s popular self-help book Rip It Up. Since 2013, positive energy has been taken up by the party leader Xi Jinping and is now routinely used in political rhetoric offering ideological “guidance” for citizens. Luo Yunfei/China News Service/Getty Images But while Wiseman’s book focuses on bringing out individuals’ inner potential, hopes, and motivation to improve the self, in the party’s ideological campaign, positive energy has become associated with the public good, and ultimately, the potential of the Chinese nation. Since 2013, social media celebrities have jointly declared to “take on more social responsibility to spread positive energy” and to abide by principles such as “laws and regulations,” “socialist core values,” and “national interests.”
CsI(Tl)/HgI/sub 2/ gamma-ray spectrometers have been constructed using 0.5" diameter detectors which show excellent energy resolution: 4.58% FWHM for 662 keV /sup 137/Cs gamma-ray photons. Further ...efforts have been focused on optimization of larger size (/spl ges/1" diameter) detector structures and improvement of low noise electronics. In order to take full advantage of scintillation detectors for high energy gamma-rays, larger scintillators are always preferred for their higher detection efficiencies. However, the FWHM resolutions of larger PDs may be higher as a result of larger capacitances and dark currents. For very large volume scintillators, it may necessary to employ a PD with a sensitive area smaller than the cross-section of the scintillator. Monte Carlo simulations of the light collection for various tapered scintillator/PD configuration were performed in order to find those geometries which resulted in the best light collection. According to the simulation results, scintillators with the most favorable geometry, the conical frustum, have been fabricated and evaluated. The response of a large conical frustum (top-2", bottom-1", 2" high) CsI(Tl) scintillator coupled with a 1" HgI/sub 2/ PD was measured. The energy resolution of the 662 keV peak was 5.57%. The spectrum shows much higher detection efficiency than those from smaller scintillators, i.e., much higher peak-to-Compton ratio in the spectrum.< >
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