Zinc finger proteins are the largest transcription factor family in human genome. The diverse combinations and functions of zinc finger motifs make zinc finger proteins versatile in biological ...processes, including development, differentiation, metabolism and autophagy. Over the last few decades, increasing evidence reveals the potential roles of zinc finger proteins in cancer progression. However, the underlying mechanisms of zinc finger proteins in cancer progression vary in different cancer types and even in the same cancer type under different types of stress. Here, we discuss general mechanisms of zinc finger proteins in transcription regulation and summarize recent studies on zinc finger proteins in cancer progression. In this review, we also emphasize the importance of further investigations in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of zinc finger proteins in cancer progression.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT
Adequate physical activity is associated with improved sleep in adults. Such associations, however, vary greatly across studies in pediatric populations, with no studies involving infants ...found in the literature. This prospective observational study was designed, therefore, to examine the association between physical activity and sleep patterns in infants. A total of 183 healthy infants aged 6 months wore an actigraph for 7 days to measure physical activity and sleep. Parents and caregivers completed a sleep‐activity diary over the same period documenting the different types of infant activities. Daily mean time spent in screen‐time‐or‐limited physical activity, including screen‐based (e.g., watching television or other electronic devices) and non‐screen based activity (e.g., quiet play or restricted infant movement when carried by caregivers or seated in high chairs, swings, or bouncer seats), was 6.68 hr (SD = 1.99), which represented 47.50% of daytime waking hours (SD = 13.73). We found that 65 (35.5%) infants engaged in some screen time during the study, with 10 (5.5%) infants having an average daily screen time >30 min. In our multivariate linear regression model, more hours of screen‐time‐or‐limited physical activity per day were significantly associated with a decrease in total daily 24 hr sleep duration (p < 0.01). Findings from our study suggest that reducing screen‐time‐or‐limited physical activity might be an approach for promoting adequate sleep and lengthening infant daily sleep duration.
Metastasis is responsible for most cancer mortality, but its molecular mechanism has not been completely understood. In addition to coding genes and miRNAs, the contribution of long noncoding RNAs ...(lncRNAs) to tumor metastatic dissemination and the mechanisms controlling their expression are areas of intensive investigation. Here, we show that lncRNA NORAD is downregulated in lung and breast cancers, and that NORAD low expression in these cancer types is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. NORAD is transcriptionally repressed by the Hippo pathway transducer YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex in conjunction with the action of NuRD complex. Functionally, NORAD elicits potent inhibitory effects on migration and invasion of multiple lung and breast cancer cell lines, and repression of NORAD expression participates in the migration- and invasion-stimulatory effects of the YAP pathway. Mechanistically, NORAD exploits its multiple repeated sequences to function as a multivalent platform for binding and sequestering S100P, thereby suppressing S100P-elicited pro-metastatic signaling network. Using cell and mouse models, we show that the S100P decoy function of NORAD suppresses lung and breast cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis. Together, our study identifies NORAD as a novel metastasis suppressor, elucidates its regulatory and functional mechanisms, and highlights its prognostic value.
All‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been investigated because of their optical properties, such as tunable wavelength, narrow band, and high quantum efficiency. ...These features have been used in light emitting diode (LED) devices. LED on‐chip fabrication uses mixed green and red quantum dots with silicone gel. However, the ion‐exchange effect widens the narrow emission spectrum. Quantum dots cannot be mixed because of anion exchange. We address this issue with a mesoporous PQD nanocomposite that can prevent ion exchange and increase stability. We mixed green quantum‐dot‐containing mesoporous silica nanocomposites with red PQDs, which can prevent the anion‐exchange effect and increase thermal and photo stability. We applied the new PQD‐based LEDs for backlight displays. We also used PQDs in an on‐chip LED device. Our white LED device for backlight display passed through a color filter with an NTSC value of 113 % and Rec. 2020 of 85 %.
Points of light: Green CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), embedded in mesoporous silica (MP), were mixed with red CsPb(Br0.4I0.6)3 quantum dots in a silicone resin and placed on an InGaN blue chip. The green and red QDs were excited by blue light with λ=450 nm. The resulting PQD white light emitting diode (LED) exhibits a wide color gamut because of its narrow emission wavelength.
Amaranthus tricolor L., a vegetable Amaranthus species, is an economically important crop containing large amounts of betalains. Betalains are natural antioxidants and can be classified into ...betacyanins and betaxanthins, with red and yellow colors, respectively. A. tricolor cultivars with varying betalain contents, leading to striking red to green coloration, have been commercially produced. However, the molecular differences underlying betalain biosynthesis in various cultivars of A. tricolor remain largely unknown. In this study, A. tricolor cultivars with different colors were chosen for comparative transcriptome analysis. The elevated expression of AmCYP76AD1 in a red-leaf cultivar of A. tricolor was proposed to play a key role in producing red betalain pigments. The functions of AmCYP76AD1, AmDODAα1, AmDODAα2, and AmcDOPA5GT were also characterized through the heterologous engineering of betalain pigments in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, high and low L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activities of AmDODAα1 and AmDODAα2, respectively, were confirmed through in vitro enzymatic assays. Thus, comparative transcriptome analysis combined with functional and enzymatic studies allowed the construction of a core betalain biosynthesis pathway of A. tricolor. These results not only provide novel insights into betalain biosynthesis and evolution in A. tricolor but also provide a basal framework for examining genes related to betalain biosynthesis among different species of Amaranthaceae.
In this letter, we present a novel step spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) cell structure and its switching behavior. A special stop-on-MgO etch etches away the hard mask and ...the pinned layer while retaining the free layer (FL) and MgO as part of the cell. The extended Ta/CoFeB/MgO layer is proved to be more tolerant to the etching non-uniformity of the Ta nanowire and improve etching yield. Although etching stops on MgO, the FL underneath the thin MgO has been rendered non-magnetic by the etching process. Recessed Cu pads were added to the Ta nanowire, which substantially reduces the overall resistance of the Ta nanowire. The general switching behavior of the step SOT-MRAM cells, such as pulse-width and temperature dependence of the switching currents, resembles that of a spin-transfer torque MRAM cell.
The influence of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on COVID-19 outcomes remains uncertain. To address this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, analyzing 30 studies, to investigate the ...impact of ICS on patients with COVID-19. Our study focused on various outcomes, including mortality risk, hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation (MV) utilization, and length of hospital stay. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis to assess the effect of ICS on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Our findings suggest that the prior use of ICS did not lead to significant differences in mortality risk, ICU admission, hospitalization, or MV utilization between individuals who had used ICS previously and those who had not. However, in the subgroup analysis of patients with COPD, prior ICS use was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared to non-users (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-1.00). Overall, while the use of ICS did not significantly affect COVID-19 outcomes in general, it may have beneficial effects specifically for patients with COPD. Nevertheless, more research is needed to establish a definitive conclusion on the role of ICS in COVID-19 treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021279429.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Oct4, a key stemness transcription factor, is overexpressed in lung cancer. Here, we reveal a novel transcription regulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) by Oct4. LncRNAs have emerged as ...important players in cancer progression.
Oct4 chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and several lncRNA databases with literature annotation were integrated to identify Oct4-regulated lncRNAs. Luciferase activity, qRT-PCR and ChIP-PCR assays were conducted to examine transcription regulation of lncRNAs by Oct4. Reconstitution experiments of Oct4 and downstream lncRNAs in cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed to confirm the Oct4-lncRNAs signaling axes in promoting lung cancer cell growth and motility. The expression correlations between Oct4 and lncRNAs were investigated in 124 lung cancer patients using qRT-PCR analysis. The clinical significance of Oct4/lncRNAs signaling axes were further evaluated using multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses.
We confirmed that seven lncRNAs were upregulated by direct binding of Oct4. Among them, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) were validated as Oct4 transcriptional targets through promoter or enhancer activation. We showed that lung cancer cells overexpressing NEAT1 or MALAT1 and the Oct4-silenced cells reconstituted with NEAT1 or MALAT1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, knockdown of NEAT1 or MALAT1 abolished Oct4-mediated lung cancer cell growth and motility. These cell-based results suggested that Oct4/NEAT1 or Oct4/MALAT1 axis promoted oncogenesis. Clinically, Oct4/NEAT1/MALAT1 co-overexpression was an independent factor for prediction of poor outcome in 124 lung cancer patients.
Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which Oct4 transcriptionally activates NEAT1 via promoter and MALAT1 via enhancer binding to promote cell proliferation and motility, and led to lung tumorigenesis and poor prognosis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Autophagy is a conserved recycling process with important functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Phytohormones also play key roles in the regulation of some of the same ...processes. Increasing evidence indicates that a close relationship exists between autophagy and phytohormone signaling pathways, and the mechanisms of interaction between these pathways have begun to be revealed. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how autophagy regulates hormone signaling and, conversely, how hormones regulate the activity of autophagy, both in plant growth and development and in environmental stress responses. We highlight in particular recent mechanistic insights into the coordination between autophagy and signaling events controlled by the stress hormone abscisic acid and by the growth hormones brassinosteroid and cytokinin and briefly discuss potential connections between autophagy and other phytohormones.
This review summarizes emerging evidence for an interplay between plant autophagy and phytohormone pathways, focusing on recent mechanistic insights into autophagy regulation by the stress hormone abscisic acid and by the growth hormones brassinosteroid and cytokinin. Potential connections between autophagy and other phytohormones during plant growth, development, and stress are also briefly discussed.
Appetites are strongly affected by the color of the food and it has been found that different colors can affect the brain reflexes that impact the appetite. In this study, event‐related potential was ...used as a measurement tool to detect brain wave responses to assess foods under different colors of light, and to compare the appetite performance of participants. The food samples were captured under incandescent lights and colored lights (red and green lights under 5200 K). The incandescent lights were divided into the differential color temperature (2700, 4000, 6500 and 7500 K). Seventeen participants were invited to the experiment. The event‐related potential results showed that the warm incandescent light (4000 K) significantly increased appetite. Moreover, the red light enhances the late positive component amplitude and enhances the consumer's visual attraction and impression. The conclusions showed that the color of lighting can affect consumers' emotions, behaviors, psychology, and even appetite, and preliminary scientific evidence has been obtained from event‐related potential.
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