This study aimed to utilise the characteristics of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, including the adjustable correlated colour temperature (CCT) and illuminance levels, to evaluate the effects of ...various CCT and illuminance level combinations on visual perception and their patterns under different lighting conditions. Five white light balances with different CCTs were created together with four levels of illuminance. Based on the patterns of visual perception, when the CCT increased with the illuminance levels, the participants' visual perception changed from dim, boring, and sleepy to intense, vivid, energetic, and bright. As the CCT decreased, the participants gradually perceived the lighting as warm and relaxing. As illuminance levels increased, dim and unpleasant feelings progressively changed to bright and pleasant ones. The study attempted to identify lighting combinations that can respond to different psychological needs and can be used as a guide in the future design of lighting equipment.
Practitioner summary: Appropriate lighting conditions could aid individuals in increasing the quality of life. This study conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects of various correlated colour temperature and illuminance level combinations on visual perception by using LED lighting. The results showed the effect of the different lighting combinations on the visual perception of the participants.
Abbreviation: LED: light-emitting diode; CCT: correlated colour temperature; K: Kelvin; lx: Lux; CIE: Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage; ANSI: American National Standards Institute
The potential of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) contributions to business performances is underestimated. Companies have a narrow understanding of ergonomics and do not perceive it as a strategic ...partner. In order to call for attention within the HFE community and in the business world, the authors conducted a series of interviews with eleven leading HFE experts on their visions of HFE as a strategic aid to business. Results indicate the challenges and issues along with the opportunities and activities for cooperation between HFE professionals and business managers. The research illustrates examples of the crucial changes that must take place for the enhancement of HFE values and opens the floor for it as a strategic partner to business managers. HFE experts are recommended as key players and responsible actors for implementation of the changes with the aim of repositioning HFE within businesses.
In previous studies, the frequency of error factors associated with medical adverse events seems to be the only criterion for understanding the distribution of error factors in hospitals. However, ...the types of error that occur most frequently in hospitals are not necessarily the most important. Therefore, this study integrated human error analysis and fuzzy TOPSIS to reconcile this discrepancy. The purpose of the study is to identity the important human error factors in emergency departments (ED) in Taiwan. Human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) was used to analyze 35 ED adverse events to define the error factors. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods such as analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were applied to evaluate the importance of error factors. Results showed that decision errors, crew resource management, inadequate supervision, and resource management were the important human error factors related to ED adverse events. This study recommends that MCDM should be applied to further analyze the results based on the criteria.
•The systematic method of human errors analysis and MCDM was used in this research.•HFACS was applied to analyze medical adverse events in ED.•TOPSIS and AHP were used to assess the important human error factors in ED.•Sensitivity analysis was used to inspect the robustness of the results of TOPSIS.•This is the first study to integrate human errors analysis and MCDM method in ED.
Abstract
Mental fatigue is a common phenomenon in modern people, especially after a long period of mental work. Individuals frequently have to make critical decisions when in a mentally fatigued ...state. As an important and complex cognitive function, risk decision-making might be influenced by mental fatigue, which is consequent with increased distraction and poor information processing. However, how mental fatigue shapes individuals’ decision-making remains relatively unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mental fatigue on risk decision-making performance and risk-preference in a simple gambling task, using both behavioral methods and event-related potential techniques. Forty young adults were divided into a mental fatigue group and a no-fatigue group and participated in the experiments. Results showed that individuals with mental fatigue tended to be more risk-averse than those without fatigue when facing risk options. The P300 amplitudes were smaller and FRN amplitudes were larger in the mental fatigue group than in the no-fatigue group. These findings provide insight into a relationship between mental fatigue and risk decision-making, from the perspective of the neurological mechanism.
The goal of this study is to analyze the adverse drug events, using the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS), and to identify the causality between the error factors. Twenty‐five ...cases related to medication errors were identified. Seven experts were recruited to form an expert team for this study. The HFACS and root cause analysis were utilized in this study to identify the causal factors and the root causes of medication errors. The frequency of each error factor was recorded, and odds ratio was applied to measure the strength of the relevance of the error factors between adjacent levels of the HFACS. The results showed that 222 errors were identified and the main pathways and subpathways of medication errors from Level 4 to Level 1 of the HFACS were arranged in this study. According to the results, the deficiencies in organizations could be the main reasons causing adverse drug events in Taiwan.
Creativity is essential for success in business, especially in the contemporary world where innovations are a cornerstone of competitive advantage. A large body of literature has examined many ...factors which influence creative abilities with the work environment being the factor of increasing importance. Creativity has been associated with the work environment through a number of theoretical frameworks and empirical studies. However, the relationship between the work environment and creativity in different cultures has not been explored sufficiently. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by linking the concept of a creativity-supporting work environment and culture. To that end, elements of the work environment (physical, socio-organisational, and fun in the workplace) and creative personality have been analysed on multinational samples. The results clearly point that the relationship exists between dimensions of the national culture (individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and power distance) and specific elements of a creativity-supporting work environment.
Practitioner summary: Companies experience high pressure for generating creative ideas. As a result, stimulating employees' creativity has become a key strategic aim. This study, through cross-cultural primary research, provides clear managerial implications and practical advice for successful implementation and quality adoption of the creativity-supporting work environment worldwide.
Abbreviations: A-FOs: activity-based flexible offices; AVG: average; CDQS: creativity development quick scan; CP: creative personality; CPS: creative personality scale; FWP: fun in the workplace; HF/E: human factors and ergonomics; IDV: individualism; MAS: masculinity; MBA: Master of Business Administration; PDI: power distance; PWE: physical work environment; SWE: socio-organisational work environment; UAI: uncertainty avoidance; USA: United States of America; WE: work environment
INTRODUCTION: The current research was to investigate pilots' visual scan patterns in order to assess attention distribution during air-to-air maneuvers.METHODS: A total of 30 qualified mission-ready ...fighter pilots participated in this research. Eye movement
data were collected by a portable head-mounted eye-tracking device, combined with a jet fighter simulator. To complete the task, pilots had to search for, pursue, and lock on a moving target while performing air-to-air tasks.RESULTS: There were significant differences in pilots'
saccade duration (ms) in three operating phases, including searching (M = 241, SD = 332), pursuing (M = 311, SD = 392), and lock-on (M = 191, SD = 226). Also, there were significant differences in pilots' pupil sizes (pixel2), of which the lock-on phase was the largest (M
= 27,237, SD = 6457), followed by pursuit (M = 26,232, SD = 6070), then searching (M = 25,858, SD = 6137). Furthermore, there were significant differences between expert and novice pilots in the percentage of fixation on the head-up display (HUD), time spent looking outside the cockpit, and
the performance of situational awareness (SA).DISCUSSION: Experienced pilots have better SA performance and paid more attention to the HUD, but focused less outside the cockpit when compared with novice pilots. Furthermore, pilots with better SA performance exhibited a smaller pupil
size during the operational phase of lock on while pursuing a dynamic target. Understanding pilots' visual scan patterns and attention distribution are beneficial to the design of interface displays in the cockpit and in developing human factors training syllabi to improve the safety
of flight operations.Yu C-S, Wang EM, Li W-C, Braithwaite G, Greaves M. Pilots' visual scan patterns and attention distribution during the pursuit of a dynamic target. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(1):40-47.
The aim of this study was to analyze and provide an in-depth improvement priority for medication adverse events. Thus, the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System with subfactors was used in ...this study to analyze the adverse events. Subsequently, the improvement priority for the subfactors was determined using the hybrid approach in terms of the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. In Of the 157 medical adverse events selected from the Taiwan Patient-safety Reporting system, 25 cases were identified as medication adverse events. The Human Factor Analysis and Classification System and root cause analysis were used to analyze the error factors and subfactors that existed in the medication adverse events. Following the analysis, the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution were used to determine the improvement priority for subfactors. The results showed that the decision errors, crew resource management, inadequate supervision, and organizational climate contained more types of subfactors than other error factors in each category. In the current study, 16 improvement priorities were identified. According to the results, the improvement priorities can assist medical staff, researchers, and decisionmakers in improving medication process deficiencies efficiently.
Introduction
Atopic dermatitis (AD) can require long-term therapy. Few real-world studies have evaluated long-term effectiveness from the patients’ perspective. The aim of this study was to evaluate ...patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during long-term dupilumab treatment.
Methods
Adults with moderate-to-severe AD who initiated dupilumab through the US manufacturer patient support program and participated in RELIEVE-AD (a prospective patient survey study with a 12-month follow-up) were recontacted 30–36 months post-initiation regardless of current dupilumab use. The online questionnaire consisted of PROs, including the Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT), use of concomitant AD therapies, satisfaction with current therapy, global change in itch relative to before dupilumab initiation, non-itch skin symptoms (skin pain/soreness, hot/burning feeling, and sensitivity to touch), flares, Dermatology Life Quality Index, sleep problems, and the AD-specific Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire.
Results
Of 698 patients who initiated dupilumab (baseline) and were recontacted, 425 completed the 30–36-month survey. Significant reductions from baseline were reported in concomitant AD therapy use (
P
< 0.05); 54.4% reported not using other AD medications vs. 12.8% at baseline. At 30–36 months, all results (non-itch skin symptoms, flares, sleep problems, health-related quality of life work/activity impairment, disease control, and treatment satisfaction) were similar to or incrementally better than the 12-month timepoint, with significant improvements vs. baseline (
P
< 0.001). Global change in itch was reported as “very much better” by 75.3% of respondents. Adequate disease control (score < 7 on ADCT) was reported by 80.7% of respondents, and 86.8% were satisfied with the treatment.
Conclusions
In clinical practice settings, patient-reported benefits of dupilumab were maintained in survey respondents during long-term treatment up to 36 months while the use of concomitant AD therapies reduced.
Plain Language Summary
Atopic dermatitis (also known as eczema) is a chronic skin disease that can have a profoundly negative effect on patients’ quality of life. To control disease symptoms, patients often need long-term treatment. Dupilumab is a treatment that has shown benefits in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) when used in long-term (under 4 years) clinical trials; however, few studies have evaluated patients’ experiences of long-term dupilumab treatment outside of a clinical trial setting. This study was conducted to do so: 425 adults with moderate-to-severe AD who received dupilumab through a US manufacturer patient support program filled in an online questionnaire 30–36 months after starting treatment. The questionnaire included items on use of additional AD therapies, AD symptoms, quality of life, disease control, and satisfaction with treatment. Patients’ responses showed that, at 30–36 months after starting dupilumab treatment, 54% of patients reported not using any other medications for AD vs. 13% of patients when starting dupilumab treatment. In addition, since starting dupilumab, 75% of patients reported one of the most burdensome AD symptoms, itch, as being “very much better” vs. before starting treatment; 81% reported control of AD symptoms; 85% reported a meaningful improvement in quality of life; and 76% were “extremely” or “very” satisfied with the treatment. In summary, this study showed that long-term dupilumab treatment provides continued improvement in symptoms, treatment satisfaction, disease control, and quality of life in adults with moderate-to-severe AD while reducing the need for other AD treatments.
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Video abstract: How do patients with atopic dermatitis perceive long-term dupilumab treatment in the real world? (MP4 31888 kb)
Purpose - This paper sets out to present a reappraisal on advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems in industrial settings and propose an effective approach for APS implementation.Design ...methodology approach - A case study approach is adopted, and a research framework comprising human-, technological-, and organizational-dimensions is developed to analyze the evidence database which includes business flows, system design documents, archival records, post-system assessment, participant-observation and semi-structured interviews.Findings - The findings indicate that real-world production planning problems are ill-defined, complex and dynamic. A post-implementation evaluation reveals major pitfalls in the technology-dominant approach, whose negative ramifications are usually overlooked. Besides, these APS implementation pitfalls are found to be attributable to the real-world context, human factors and organizational aspects.Research limitations implications - Despite advances in information technology (IT) and computer modeling techniques, humans still play critical roles in the production-planning processes - especially in a complex and dynamic manufacturing environment where incomplete, ambiguous, inconsistent and untimely data make automatic planning unrealistic. A rational human-computer collaboration scheme under an effective organizational structure would be in a better position to take advantage of the IT.Originality value - This paper presents a humans-technology-organization-framework of real planning systems, which is employed to analyze a case of APS implementation. Practical insights are extracted as a result of this field research, and a realist approach is proposed to cope with the problems and pitfalls of APS implementation in industrial settings.
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