•Algae extract combats skin aging, de-pigmentation and anti-microorganism.•Algae can be functional antioxidants, alginates, polysaccharides and carotenoids.•Algae extract contributes skin health and ...beauty in practical cosmetic uses.
The applications of microalgae in cosmetic products have recently received more attention in the treatment of skin problems, such as aging, tanning and pigment disorders. There are also potential uses in the areas of anti-aging, skin-whitening, and pigmentation reduction products. While algae species have already been used in some cosmetic formulations, such as moisturizing and thickening agents, algae remain largely untapped as an asset in this industry due to an apparent lack of utility as a primary active ingredient. This review article focuses on integrating studies on algae pertinent to skin health and beauty, with the purpose of identifying serviceable algae functions in practical cosmetic uses.
•Marine macroalgae derived compounds are potential therapeutic agents in dermatology.•Seaweed extracts has been shown to protect skin from photo-damage.•Antibacterial compounds derived from ...macroalgae can fight acne and chronic wounds.•Anti-tumor activity of macroalgae extracts can be exploited to treat melanoma.•Skin whitening and anti-pigmentation properties of seaweed extracts are also discussed.
Functional components extracted from algal biomass are widely used as dietary and health supplements with a variety of applications in food science and technology. In contrast, the applications of algae in dermal-related products have received much less attention, despite that algae also possess high potential for the uses in anti-infection, anti-aging, skin-whitening, and skin tumor treatments. This review, therefore, focuses on integrating studies on algae pertinent to human skin care, health and therapy. The active compounds in algae related to human skin treatments are mentioned and the possible mechanisms involved are described. The main purpose of this review is to identify serviceable algae functions in skin treatments to facilitate practical applications in this high-potential area.
Scope
Although pickled radish is widely consumed worldwide, few studies have investigated the nutritional benefits of bioactive compounds extracted from pickled radish. In this study, the authors ...investigate the relationship among dietary phenolic compounds, lipid accumulation, and gut microbiota.
Method and Results
Three phenolic compounds 2,6‐dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), 4‐hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (4‐HPEA), and 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA) are extracted from pickled radish. LO2 cells treated with free fatty acid are first used to explore the impact of the above three compounds at different doses on reducing lipid levels. The effects of the three compounds on obesity and the gut microbiota are further investigated in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced KM mice. Results show that three compounds inhibited the lipid accumulation in LO2 cells. The results of animal experiments reveal that three compounds prevented body weight gain and significantly decreased serum lipid levels. Treatment with DHAP, HPEA, and HBA reversed gut microbiome dysbiosis in HFD‐induced mice. The three phenolic compounds increase Odoribacter, and decrease Helicobacter and Mucispirillum. Notably, DHAP and HBA reduce the HFD‐induced increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
Conclusion
These data suggest that phenolic compounds extracted from pickled radish possess excellent lipid‐lowering capacity, providing a theoretical basis for further analysis of the nutritional value of pickled radish.
Pickled radish is widely popular and is a polyphenol source for consumers. Three novel phenolic compounds extracted from pickled radish exhibit a significant lipid‐lowering benefit in vitro and in vivo. Animal studies show that the alterations in the composition of gut microbiota communities might contribute to obesity alleviation during the above three phenolic compounds treatment.
Phytochemicals are plant-derived bioactive compounds, which have been widely used for therapeutic purposes. Due to the poor water-solubility, low bioavailability and non-specific targeting ...characteristic, diverse classes of nanocarriers are utilized for encapsulation and delivery of bio-effective agents. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), known for exosomes or extracellular vesicles (EVs), are biological nanoparticles with multiple functions. Compared to the artificial counterpart, CDNs hold great potential in drug delivery given the higher stability, superior biocompatibility and the lager capability of encapsulating bioactive molecules. Here, we provide a bench-to-bedside review of CDNs-based nanoplatform, including the bio-origin, preparation, characterization and functionalization. Beyond that, the focus is laid on the therapeutic effect of CDNs-mediated drug delivery for natural products. The state-of-art development as well as some pre-clinical applications of using CDNs for disease treatment is also summarized. It is highly expected that the continuing development of CDNs-based delivery systems will further promote the clinical utilization and translation of phyto-nanomedicines.
Chinese rice wine (CRW), with its high nutritional value and unique flavor, has been popular in China for thousands of years. The traditional steps of immersion and steam cooking during the brewing ...of rice wine have several drawbacks, including the long production time, large energy consumption, generation of wastewater and the large production area it occupies. Extrusion puffing has the potential to overcome these drawbacks. In this study, the physicochemical properties of extruded-puffed brown rice obtained under different conditions were analyzed. The puffed extrudates exhibited low bulk density, high water solubility index and higher surface area than the steam-cooked brown rice. Extrusion puffing operates at high temperatures, high pressure and provides mechanical shearing forces, resulting in the puffed extrudates having a higher degree of gelatinization, as determined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), revealed the disruption of the native crystalline structure. The effect of extrusion on enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated using amylase digestion. The results indicated that puffed extrudates significantly improved the enzymatic hydrolysis rate and yield. Moreover, the catalytic efficiency was evaluated by kinetic constants, with extrusion puffing treatment demonstrating an efficiency18-fold higher than steam-cooked brown rice. Finally, extruded-puffed blown rice was used for Chinese rice wine fermentation. The extruded-puffed blown rice improved alcohol yield during the fermentation process, which increased the wine yield by 12.4% compared to traditional cooking methods.
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•Brown rice had significant changes in physicochemical properties after extrusion.•Structure features analyzed by XRD and FTIR-ATR.•Extrusion puffing highly enhanced the efficiency of saccharification.•Extruded-puffed brown rice used for Chinese rice wine fermentation.•Extrusion puffing showed potential to replace immersion and cooking techniques.
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The antitumor properties of cruciferous vegetables are mainly due to their high content of isothiocyanates, and sulforaphane (SFA) is the most well-known compound. The aim of this ...study was to determine the mechanism of SFA inhibiting gastric cancer (GC) progression. After verifying SFA suppressing GC growth in vivo, we utilized the GSE79973 and GSE118916 datasets to identify the GC development signatures that overlap with the RNA-seq analysis in SFA-treated AGS cells. GSEA of the RNA-seq data indicated that SFA regulation of GC progression was related to extracellular matrix and collagens; thus, we identified COL3A1 and COL5A1 as the targets of SFA, which functioned as oncogenes. We found positive correlations between COL3A1 and COL5A1 expression in GC cells, and confirmed that miR-29a-3p is the common regulator of their expression. RNA immunoprecipitation assays based on Ago2, Dicer, and exportin-5 showed that SFA could promote mature miR-29a-3p generation. We also proved that SFA inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in GC cells in a miR-29a-3p-dependent manner. Overall, SFA boosts miR-29a-3p maturation to downregulate COL3A1 and COL5A1 and inactivate the Wnt/ β -catenin pathway to suppress GC progression.
Kinetically inert metal complexes have arisen as promising alternatives to existing platinum and ruthenium chemotherapeutics. Reported herein, to our knowledge, is the first example of a ...substitutionally inert, Group 9 organometallic compound as a direct inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dimerization. From a series of cyclometalated rhodium(III) and iridium(III) complexes, a rhodium(III) complex emerged as a potent inhibitor of STAT3 that targeted the SH2 domain and inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and dimerization. Significantly, the complex exhibited potent anti‐tumor activities in an in vivo mouse xenograft model of melanoma. This study demonstrates that rhodium complexes may be developed as effective STAT3 inhibitors with potent anti‐tumor activity.
Saving your skin: A rhodium(III) complex is the first example of a substitutionally inert, Group 9 organometallic compound which serves as a direct inhibitor of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dimerization. The rhodium(III) complex inhibited STAT3 activity in vitro and in vivo and showed potent and selective anticancer activity against melanoma cell lines and melanoma xenografts in an in vivo mouse model.
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancer with limited therapeutic strategies, thus it is important to develop more effective strategies to against it. Sulforaphene (SFE), an isothiocyanate ...isolated from radish seeds, was proved to inhibit esophageal cancer progression in the current study. Flow cytometric analysis showed SFE induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Also, scrape motility and transwell assays presented SFE reduced esophageal cancer cell metastasis. Microarray results showed the influence of SFE on esophageal cancer cells was related with stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), cadherin 3 (CDH3), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MAP2K3) and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta (GADD45B). SCD and CDH3 could promote esophageal cancer metastasis via activating the Wnt pathway, while the latter one was involved in a positive feedback loop, GADD45B-MAP2K3-p38-p53, to suppress esophageal cancer growth. GADD45B was known to be the target gene of p53, and we proved in this study, it could increase the phosphorylation level of MAP2K3 in esophageal cancer cells, activating p38 and p53 in turn. SFE treatment elevated MAP2K3 and GADD45B expression and further stimulated this feedback loop to better exert antitumor effect. In summary, these results demonstrated that SFE had the potential for developing as a chemotherapeutic agent because of its inhibitory effects on esophageal cancer metastasis and proliferation.
The pickled radish can be kept at room temperature for years without spoilage. 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA), and 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (4-HPEA) were first found ...from the pickled radish. The structures of three phenolic compounds were elucidated by analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry data. All these phenolic compounds showed good free radical scavenging capacity except HBA. Both DHAP and 4-HPEA also showed high ferric reducing ability. DHAP showed good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Canidia albicans. HBA demonstrated antimicrobial activity against E. coli and C. albicans but not B. subtilis. Based on the results of MTT assay, these compounds did not show cytotoxicity to LO2 cell line. All results indicated the pickled radish had antioxidant and antimicrobial phenolic compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to answer partially the question of why pickled foods can be kept at room temperature for years without spoilage based on the evidence of three phenolic compounds.
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•3 phenolic compounds are purified from the pickled radish for the first time.•DHAP displays good abilities of free radical scavenging and ferric reducing power.•4-HPEA has good abilities of free radical scavenging and ferric reducing power.•DHAP shows antimicrobial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis and C. albicans.•HBA demonstrates antimicrobial activity against E. coli and C. albicans.
Melanogenesis is a complex physiological mechanism involving various paracrine factors. Skin cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes communicate with one another through secreted ...regulators, thereby regulating the melanocytes' bio-functions. The stem cell factor (SCF) is a paracrine factor produced by fibroblasts, and its receptor, c-kit, is expressed on melanocytes. Binding of SCF to c-kit activates autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase to switch on its signal transmission.
inhibition does not suppress fibroblast proliferation in MTT assay, and
silencing induced mRNA expressions of paracrine factor genes,
,
, and
in qPCR results. Following UVB stimulation, gene expressions of
,
, and
were higher than homeostasis; in particular,
exhibited the highest correlation with
variations. We detected fibroblasts regulated
in an autocrine-dependent manner, and the conditioned medium obtained from fibroblast culture was applied to treat melanocytes. Melanogenesis-related genes,
and
, were upregulated under conditioned mediums with
silencing and exposed to UVB treatments. Melanin quantities in the melanocytes had clearly increased in the pigment content assay. In conclusion,
silencing causes variations in both fibroblast paracrine factors and melanocyte melanogenesis, and the differences in gene expressions were observed following UVB exposure.