Lightweight, easily processed, and durable polymeric materials play a crucial role in wearable sensor devices. However, achieving simultaneously high strength and toughness remains a challenge. This ...study addresses this by utilizing an ion-specific effect to control crystalline domains, enabling the fabrication of a polymeric triboelectric material with tunable mechanical properties. The dense crystal-domain cross-linking enhances energy dissipation, resulting in a material boasting both high tensile strength (58.0 MPa) and toughness (198.8 MJ m–3), alongside a remarkable 416.7% fracture elongation and 545.0 MPa modulus. Leveraging these properties, the material is successfully integrated into wearable self-powered devices, enabling real-time feedback on human joint movement. This work presents a valuable strategy for overcoming the strength-toughness trade-off in polymeric materials, paving the way for their enhanced applicability and broader use in diverse sensing applications.
•S-doped LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4@N/S-doped C composites were synthesized by a convenient solvothermal method.•The carbon microspheres were coated with LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 particles to form a core-shell ...structure.•The S-doped LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4@N/S-doped C composites deliver a discharge capacity of 166.83 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C.
A self-assembled core-shell structured S-doped LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4@N/S-doped C composites were prepared by a convenient one-step solvothermal process. The glucose-derived carbon microspheres are coated with LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 particles and form secondary particles of core-shell structure. Thioacetamide (TAA) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) regulate the growth of LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 particles and provide N and S atoms for doping the composites. Electrochemical tests show that appropriate additions of TAA and CTAB can improve the discharge capacity of LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 cathodes. The LMFP@G-0.5TC delivers high specific discharge capacities of 166.83 mAh·g−1 (0.1 C) and 96.47 mAh·g−1 (10 C).
•SUF can be applied to treat domestic wastewater directly without any cleanings.•The SUF permeability was improved by 101–181% with the assistance of VF.•VF can serve as a eukaryotic incubator to ...enhance the predation activity in SUF.•The reflux further increased microbial interaction between VF and SUF.•The basal layer was evidently diminished and even absent due to reflux adoption.
In this study, self-sustained ultrafiltration (SUF) without extra backwashing, aeration and chemical cleanings was investigated. To further improve removal performance and membrane permeability, vermifiltration (VF) was introduced, developing VF/SUF (VF coupling SUF without reflux) and RVF/SUF (VF coupling SUF with reflux). Synergism effects of contaminants removals were achieved with effective removals of dissolved pollutants (e.g., 95.97% of TOC and 45.25% of NH3−N) via VF process, simultaneously with efficient rejections of particles, bacteria, protozoa and metazoan via SUF process, ensuring permeate safety. Notably, vermifilters improved the membrane flux by over 101% relative to the control, attributing to the synergetic effects among the modified bio-fouling layer structure by more prosperous eukaryotic communities, the reduction of extracellular polymeric substances and the increase of inorganics contents. With the usage of reflux, the membrane flux was further elevated by 181% since the reflux delivered more eukaryotes into SUF to increase the heterogeneity of the bio-fouling layer.
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Optical information encryption based on luminescence materials have received much attention recently. However, the single luminescence mode of the luminescence materials greatly limits its ...anti-counterfeiting application with high safety level. Here, a series of luminescence materials of Tb3+ and Bi3+ co-doped ZnGa2O4 phosphors with great correspondence in photoluminescence (PL), persistent luminescence (PersL), and thermoluminescence (TL) modes was synthesized by the conventional solid-phase method for the application in multi-modal anti-counterfeiting fields. Under the excitation of 254 nm, ZnGa1.99O4:0.01 Tb3+, yBi3+ (y = 0.001,0.002) sample exhibited a broad blue emission band (the transition from GaO6) at 440 nm and the characteristic emission peaks of Tb3+ at 495 nm, 550 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm, corresponding to the transitions of 5D4-7Fn (n = 6, 5, 4, 3), respectively. Interestingly, the co-doping of Bi3+ ions improve the crystallinity and particle size of the phosphor, subsequently enhanced the PL intensity of Tb3+ to 6 times that of Tb3+ singly doped ZnGa2O4 phosphor. Further, the flexible films with multi-modal luminescence properties have been fabricated through the unique TL and PersL characteristics of ZnGa2O4: Tb3+, Bi3+ phosphors, including “Optical information storage film”, “snowflake and characters” and “QR code”. Moreover, a set of optical information encryption is obtained by combining ZnGa2O4:Tb3+, Bi3+ phosphor and red emitting phosphor. The results indicate that ZnGa2O4:Tb3+, Bi3+ phosphor with multi-modal stimulus response can be expected to be potentially used in the applications of optical information storage and anti-counterfeiting fields.
Co3O4 modification is introduced to improve the Na-storage characteristic of P2–Na2/3Mn0.75Co0.25O2 through a solid-state reaction. The synergistic effects of Co3O4 modification and Co ions doping ...have significantly promoted sodium storage characteristics, in particular, cyclability at high-rate of the pristine oxide. The pseudo-capacitance effects of Co3O4 modified layer can also offer electrochemical contributions to the pristine oxide. 2 wt% Co3O4 modified cathode achieves 164.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with the capacity retention of 85.6% at 100th cycle, 111.4 mAh g−1 at 1 C with the retention of 72.3% at 400th cycle, 85.7 mAh g−1 at 5 C with the retention rate of 73.5% at 1000th cycle, and 68.6 mAh g−1 at 10 C with 82.0% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Especially, 2 wt% Co3O4 modified cathode can reach up to the capacity retention of 90.1% at 1 C at 120 cycles, 90.4% at 5 C after 350 cycles and 90.7% at 10 C over 640 cycles. The high-rate cycling performance of the modified cathode is also involved in its high reversible P2–P3 transition during Na+ insertion/extraction. Therefore, the excellent Co3O4 modified cathode will provide impetus for future developments and applications of sodium-ion batteries.
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•Co3O4 modified layer can provide pseudo-capacitance contributions to the pristine.•Co ions have doped into the Mn-sites in TM–O2 slabs of the pristine lattice.•Structure stability is significantly enhanced by the synergism of modification and doping.•The modified cathode achieves the excellent cyclability at high-rate.•Ex-situ XRD patterns reveal the phase transition its high reversible P2–P3 transition.
Acid rain has severely negatively impacted terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. However, the potential impacts of nitric acid rain (NAR) on soil nitrogen (N) fractions and fungal ...community diversity in northern subtropical forest soils remain largely unevaluated. In this study, treatments of NAR at pH = 4.5 (AR4.5), pH = 3.5 (AR3.5), and pH = 2.5 (AR2.5) were randomly sprayed in a typical Quercus acutissima Carruth. stand in northern subtropical China. The soil N fractions and soil fungal communities were analyzed after a 12-month experimental period. The results revealed that compared to the control, the soil total N (TN), microbial biomass N (MBN), hydrolysable ammonium N (HAN), amino-sugar N (ASN) and amino-acid N (AAN) contents decreased significantly by 19.61–13.07 %, 20.10–9.04 %, 60.41–28.87 %, 74.10–62.25 %, and 65.69–45.64 % under stronger acidity inputs (i.e., AR2.5 and AR3.5), respectively. Besides, the AR2.5 and AR3.5 treatments increased the α-diversity indices of soil fungal communities and altered the soil fungal community structure. Moreover, the NAR treatments represented an increase in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota and a decrease in that of Basidiomycota. Mortierella, Penicillium, and Tomentella can be used as indicator genera for changes in soil fungal community structures under NAR stress. Furthermore, AAN was the main environmental factor affecting soil fungal community at the phylum and genus levels. Cumulatively, findings from this research provide valuable insight into NAR's effects on N cycling and microbial communities in forest soils.
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•Nitric acid rain (NAR) decreased soil amino-sugar nitrogen (N) and amino-acid N contents.•NAR increased the α-diversity indices of soil fungal communities.•NAR caused an increase in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota.•Soil amino-acid N was the main environmental factor affecting the fungal communities.
A one-pot metal-free protocol to access indazoles from easily available 2-aminophenones and hydroxylamine derivatives has been achieved. The reaction is operationally simple, mild, and insensitive to ...air and moisture. A broad range of indazoles were prepared in good to excellent yield (up to 97% yield), and the reaction displayed a broad functional group tolerance. The reaction was performed at gram scale, and its synthetic application was exhibited through the rapid and efficient preparation of bioactive molecule YC-3 and FDA-approved drug axitinib.
Cesium-137 is one of the most widely utilized anthropogenic radionuclides, both asa tracer and chronometer in the environment. Its application as an effective chronometer requires a thorough ...understanding of its geochemical behavior in aqueous systems. In this study, we collected and analyzed a suite of time-series water samples over a period of 8months (April – November 2015), for particulate and dissolved 137Cs activities from a watershed in southeast Michigan, USA, using Cu2Fe(CN)6-coated cartridges developed to pre-concentrate dissolved 137Cs. We also conducted a series of laboratory experiments with the natural freshwater sediment samples and water with different chemical composition. There were seasonal variations of both particulate and dissolved 137Cs activities in the watersheds of Lake St. Clair. The distribution coefficients of 137Cs determined over a period of 8months varied between 0.14×105 and 6.1×105mLg−1 (mean: 2.9×105mLg−1). The annual input and export flux of total 137Cs activity via rivers into and out of Lake St. Clair were calculated to be 3.6×1010 Bq and 1.6×1010 Bq, respectively. The amount of 137Cs derived by diffusion from interstitial pore water to the water column was estimated to be 0.30×1010 Bq (8.3% of the total input flux) which is similar to the percentage of 137Cs desorption (13%–20%) from sediment placed in oxic soft water system over a period of 30–106days. For the same concentrations of NH4+, Mn2+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and Sr2+ in a distilled water, our lab work showed that the sediment-sorbed 137Cs is displaced by ions in the order NH4+>Mn2+>K+>Mg2+≈Ca2+>Na+>Sr2+. In laboratory studies, 137Cs sorbed onto sediment was found to be less mobile in oxic soft water (Kd: 2.0×103mLg−1) and more mobile in anoxic soft water (Kd: 0.2×103mLg−1). In a hard water system, however, there is no significant difference in Kd values for both oxic and anoxic conditions. The sequence of Kd values is: oxic soft water>oxic hard water>anoxic hard water>anoxic soft water. The desorption experiments with 137Cs-sorbed sediments also confirmed that 137Cs is much more mobile in soft water than hard water. This mobility of 137Cs under oxic hard water system makes sedimentation rate estimation by 137Cs (based on the time the introduction of 137Cs) problematic in some soft water lakes, and estuarine and coastal waters.
•A duplex nanocrystalline coating is designed and prepared.•The duplex coating shows high oxidation and hot corrosion resistance.•The duplex coating displays high spallation resistance.•The duplex ...coating avoids element interdiffusion.
A new duplex nanocrystalline coating is designed for high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion protection. This coating combines the advantages of traditional NiCrAlY and nanocrystalline coatings, i.e., providing high resistance to oxidation and hot corrosion simultaneously, while avoids any disadvantages that the traditional coatings have suffered from, such as scale spallation, element interdiffusion (along with the formation of harmful TCP phases). It gives a good choice as the bond coating of a TBC system.
