Objectives
Poor sleep quality is a common issue among older adults; it can lead to a poor quality of life and impairments in cognitive function and physical health. This study aimed to conduct a ...systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of listening to music on sleep quality in older adults.
Design
Systematic review and meta‐analyses.
Setting
Five databases, including Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System, were searched to identify studies assessing the efficacy of music therapy in older adults aged 60 years and older published through February 20, 2021.
Participants
Adults aged 60 years and older.
Measurements
We searched English‐ and Chinese‐language studies of randomized control trials. All studies were reviewed by two independent investigators. The primary sleep outcome was the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used to conduct the meta‐analysis.
Results
Five randomized control trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Older adults who listened to music experienced significantly better sleep quality than those who did not listen to music mean difference (MD): −1.96, 95% CI −2.23 to −1.73, P = 0.003. The subgroup analysis revealed that older adults who listened to sedative music obtained a more effective improvement in sleep quality than those who listened to rhythm‐centered music (MD: −2.35, 95% CI –3.59 to −1.10, P = 0.0002). Furthermore, listening to music for longer than 4 weeks (MD: −2.61, 95% CI −4.72 to −0.50, P = 0.02) was to be effective at improving sleep quality.
Conclusions
Music therapy is safe and easy to administer and can effectively improve sleep quality among older adults, particularly those listening to more sedative music for at least a four‐week duration.
Automatically detecting cracks with uneven strength from a complex background is a valuable and challenging issue. In light of the lost details and the incomplete extracted cracks in the process of ...crack extraction, we propose a network model with hierarchical feature fusion and connected attention architecture. Firstly, we build the backbone network on the improved DCA-SE-ResNet-50. Then, we propose a method for crack feature fusion, which combines depthwise separable convolution and dilated convolution to recover more crack details. Finally, we design the attention layer which integrates feature map2 with feature map4. The side network incorporates the feature maps of the low convolutional layer and the high convolutional layer at multiple levels to assist in obtaining the final prediction map. Sufficient experimental results demonstrate that our method achieved state-of-the-art performances, best F-score over 0.86, 12 FPS. Besides the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified on CFD, Crack500, and DCD datasets.
This nested case‐control study evaluated the potential interaction between repaglinide and clopidogrel. Cases were defined by inpatient admissions or emergency department visits due to hypoglycemia. ...Concomitant use of repaglinide and clopidogrel within 3 days before the hypoglycemic event was the exposure of interest. For each case, up to four controls were randomly selected and matched by age, sex, type of glinide used (repaglinide or nateglinide), and time since cohort entry to the index date. Hypoglycemic risk was estimated by conditional logistic regressions. Concomitant use of repaglinide and clopidogrel was associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia compared with repaglinide alone (adjusted odds ratio: 2.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.75−3.35). No significant associations were found with the two negative control object drug concomitants: nateglinide and clopidogrel and repaglinide and aspirin (without clopidogrel use). Our study suggests drug interaction between clopidogrel and repaglinide is clinically relevant and could increase the risk for hypoglycemia.
Purpose
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of current studies to determine whether exercise affects chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) symptoms in cancer patients.
Design
...The Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, and National Central Library databases, and the reference lists of the included studies were surveyed. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension checklist for non-pharmacologic treatment was used to evaluate the literature.
Setting and participants
Exercise interventions offered in hospitals or at home. A total of 178 participants from 5 studies were assessed in the meta-analysis, with their mean age ranging from 48.56 to 71.82 years.
Methods
The randomized control trials were summarized in a systematic review. The effects of the exercise interventions were compiled for meta-analysis. A forest plot was constructed using a fixed effect model to obtain a pooled mean difference.
Results
The pooled results indicated that exercise interventions significantly improved the CIPN symptoms of the participants (mean difference: 0.5319; 95% confidence interval: 0.2295 to 0.8344;
Z
= 3.45;
P
= 0.0006). A combination of exercise protocols including a nerve gliding exercise intervention was found to have improved CIPN symptoms. In addition, a sensorimotor-based exercise intervention was found to have reduced CIPN-induced loss of postural stability.
Conclusions and implications
The findings indicated that the effects of exercise could improve CIPN symptoms in cancer patients. Nevertheless, further investigations of different exercise protocols and intensity of intervention utilizing larger sample sizes and more specific outcome measures will further inform the best practices for cancer patients.
Downregulation of the transcription factor AtMYB103 using transgenic technology results in early tapetal degeneration and pollen aberration during anther development in Arabidopsis thaliana. This ...paper describes the functional analysis of the AtMYB103 gene in three knock-out mutants. Two male sterile mutants, ms188-1 and ms188-2, were generated by ethyl-methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. A map-based cloning approach was used, and ms188 was mapped to a 95.8-kb region on chromosome 5 containing an AtMYB103 transcription factor. Sequence analysis revealed that ms188-1 had a pre-mature stop codon in the AtMYB103 coding region, whereas ms188-2 had a CCTrightward arrowCTT base-pair change in the first exon of AtMYB103, which resulted in the replacement of a proline by a leucine residue in the R2R3 domain. The third mutant, an AtMYB103 transposon-tagging line, also showed a male sterile phenotype. Allelism tests indicated that MS188 and AtMYB103 belong to the same locus. Cytological observation revealed defective tapetum development and altered callose dissolution in ms188 plants. Additionally, most of the microspores in mature anthers were degraded and surviving microspores lacked exine. AtMYB103 encoded an R2R3 MYB protein that is predominantly located in the nucleus. Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that the callase-related gene A6 was regulated by AtMYB103. Expression of the exine formation gene MS2 was not detected in mutant anthers. These results implicate that AtMYB103 plays an important role in tapetum development, callose dissolution and exine formation in A. thaliana anthers.
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this phase 3 study (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT03829969), 514 patients with ...treatment-naïve advanced ESCC were randomized (1:1) to receive toripalimab or placebo in combination with paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, followed by toripalimab or placebo maintenance. At the prespecified final analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), a significant improvement in PFS is observed for the toripalimab arm over the placebo arm (hazard ratio HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46–0.74; p < 0.0001). The prespecified interim analysis of overall survival (OS) also reveals a significant OS improvement for patients treated with toripalimab plus TP over placebo plus TP (HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43–0.78; p = 0.0004). The incidences of grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events are similar between the two arms. Toripalimab plus TP significantly improves PFS and OS in patients with treatment-naïve, advanced ESCC, with a manageable safety profile.
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•First-line toripalimab plus chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma•Toripalimab plus chemotherapy improves progression-free survival and overall survival•Toripalimab plus chemotherapy is efficacious irrespective of PD-L1 expression•Toripalimab plus chemotherapy shows a manageable safety profile
Wang et al. demonstrate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus paclitaxel/cisplatin as the first-line treatment for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. As compared with paclitaxel/cisplatin alone, toripalimab plus paclitaxel/cisplatin extends progression-free survival and overall survival of the patients irrespective of PD-L1 expression.
Abstract Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been considered as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, however, the mechanism of its action is still elusive. ...We have previously reported that 50 Hz 0.6mT PEMFs stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in a primary cilium- dependent manner, but did not know the reason. In the current study, we found that the PEMFs promoted osteogenic differentiation and maturation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) by activating bone morphogenetic protein BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling on the condition that primary cilia were normal. Further studies revealed that BMPRII, the primary binding receptor of BMP ligand, was readily and strongly upregulated by PEMF treatment and localized at the bases of primary cilia. Abrogation of primary cilia with small interfering RNA sequence targeting IFT88 abolished the PEMF-induced upregulation of BMPRII and its ciliary localization. Knockdown of BMPRII expression level with RNA interference had no effects on primary cilia but significantly decreased the promoting effect of PEMFs on osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. These results indicated that PEMFs stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblast by primary cilium-mediated upregulation of BMPRII expression and subsequently activation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, and that BMPRII is the key component linking primary cilium and BMP-Smad1/5/8 pathway. This study has thus revealed the molecular mechanism for the osteogenic effect of PEMFs.
In Arabidopsis, the tapetum plays important roles in anther development by providing enzymes for callose dissolution and materials for pollen-wall formation, and by supplying nutrients for pollen ...development. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a male-sterile mutant, defective in tapetal development and function 1 (tdf1), that exhibits irregular division and dysfunction of the tapetum. The TDF1 gene was characterized using a map-based cloning strategy, and was confirmed by genetic complementation. It encodes a putative R2R3 MYB transcription factor, and is highly expressed in the tapetum, meiocytes and microspores during anther development. Callose staining and gene expression analysis suggested that TDF1 may be a key component in controlling callose dissolution. Semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that TDF1 acts downstream of DYT1 and upstream of AMS and AtMYB103 in the transcriptional regulatory networks that regulate tapetal development. In conclusion, our results show that TDF1 plays a vital role in tapetal differentiation and function.
The molecular mechanism for the microgravity‐induced decrease in bone formation remains unclear and there is a lack of effective specific preventative therapies. We recently reported that primary ...cilia of osteoblasts became shorter and even disappeared when the cells were exposed to random positioning machine (RPM)‐simulated microgravity and that the microgravity‐induced loss of osteogenic potential of osteoblasts could be attenuated when the resorption of primary cilia was prevented by treatment with 0.1 μM cytochalasin D. In the current study, it was further found that the loss of the osteogenic capacity of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) was associated with the inhibition of the BMP‐2/Smad1/5/8 signalling pathway, of which most of the signalling proteins including BMP‐2, BMPRII, Smad1/5/8 and p‐Smad1/5/8 were found localized to primary cilia. Accompanying the resorption of primary cilia following the cells being exposed to simulated microgravity, the expression levels of these signalling proteins were reduced significantly. Furthermore, the expression of miRNA‐129‐3p, a microRNA previously reported to control cilium biogenesis, was found to be reduced quickly and changed in a similar tendency with the length of primary cilia. Moreover, overexpression of miRNA‐129‐3p in ROBs significantly attenuated microgravity‐induced inhibition of BMP‐2 signalling and loss of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. These results indicated the important role of miRNA‐129‐3p in microgravity‐induced resorption of primary cilia of osteoblasts and the potential of replenishing the miRNA‐129‐3p as an effective countermeasure against microgravity‐induced loss of primary cilia and impairment of osteoblast function.
We report a new electrochemical immunosensor for enhanced sensitive detection of human immunodeficiency virus p24 (HIV-p24) based on graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier and enzyme encapsulated in ...carbon nanotubes-silica as a matrix in a multienzyme amplification strategy. Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved by using the bioconjugates featuring horseradish peroxidase–HIV-p24 signal antibody (HRP–HIV-p24) linked to functionalized GO and thionine (TH) as well as efficient encapsulation of enzyme (HRP) in the silica matrix with retained bioactivity. After a sandwich immunoreactions, the HRP in carbon nanotubes-silica matrix and the HRP–HIV-p24-TH/GO captured onto the electrode surface produced an amplified electrocatalytic response by the reduction of enzymatically oxidized thionine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The increase of response current was proportional to the HIV-p24 concentration in the range of 0.5pg/mL–8.5ng/mL with the detection limit of 0.15pg/mL, which was lower than that of the traditional sandwich electrochemical measurement for HIV-p24. The amplified immunoassay developed in this work shows acceptable stability and reproducibility, and the assay results for HIV-p24 spiked in human plasma also show good accuracy. This simple and low-cost immunosensor shows great promise for detection of other proteins and clinical applications.
•We designed a novel sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen detection.•The immunosensor combined a simple immunosensor array and an effectively designed trace tag.•This proposed method shows better accuracy, stability, reproducibility, sensitivity.•The LOD for HIV-p24 was remarkably lower compared with other current techniques.•The proposed system can provide a further platform for other immunoassays.
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