A new weak Galerkin (WG) method is introduced and analyzed for the second order elliptic equation formulated as a system of two first order linear equations. This method, called WG-MFEM, is designed ...by using discontinuous piecewise polynomials on finite element partitions with arbitrary shape of polygons/polyhedra. The WG-MFEM is capable of providing very accurate numerical approximations for both the primary and flux variables. Allowing the use of discontinuous approximating functions on arbitrary shape of polygons/polyhedra makes the method highly flexible in practical computation. Optimal order error estimates in both discrete H^1 and L^2 norms are established for the corresponding weak Galerkin mixed finite element solutions.
primal-dual weak Galerkin finite element method. Error estimates of optimal order are derived for the corresponding finite element approximations in a discrete H^2-norm, as well as the usual H^1- and ...L^2-norms. The convergence theory is based on the assumption that the solution of the model problem is H^2-regular, and that the coefficient tensor in the PDE is piecewise continuous and uniformly positive definite in the domain. Some numerical results are presented for smooth and non-smooth coefficients on convex and non-convex domains, which not only confirm the developed convergence theory but also a superconvergence result.>
Glutenin is the main protein of flour and is a very important source of protein nutrition for humans. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an important product of the Maillard reaction that occurs during the ...hot-processing of flour products, and it reacts with glutenin to facilitate changes in glutenin properties. Here, the effects of MGO on glutenin digestion during the heating process were investigated using a simulated MGO-glutenin system. MGO significantly reduced the digestibility of glutenin. The structure of MGO-glutenin and physicochemical properties were studied to understand the mechanism of the decrease of digestibility. These data suggest that changes in digestibility were caused by decreases in surface hydrophobicity and increases in disulfide bonds. MGO induces strong aggregation of glutenin after heating that led to the masking of cleavage sites for proteases. Moreover, carbonyl oxidation induced by MGO leads to intermolecular cross-linking of glutenin that increasingly masks or even destroys cleavage sites, further decreasing digestibility.
► A novel extended Kalman Filtering SOC estimation method based on a stochastic fuzzy neural network (SFNN) battery model is proposed. ► The SFNN which has filtering effect on noisy input can model ...the battery nonlinear dynamic with high accuracy. ► A robust parameter learning algorithm for SFNN is studied so that the parameters can converge to its true value with noisy data. ► The maximum SOC estimation error based on the proposed method is 0.6%.
Extended Kalman filtering is an intelligent and optimal means for estimating the state of a dynamic system. In order to use extended Kalman filtering to estimate the state of charge (SOC), we require a mathematical model that can accurately capture the dynamics of battery pack. In this paper, we propose a stochastic fuzzy neural network (SFNN) instead of the traditional neural network that has filtering effect on noisy input to model the battery nonlinear dynamic. Then, the paper studies the extended Kalman filtering SOC estimation method based on a SFNN model. The modeling test is realized on an 80
Ah Ni/MH battery pack and the Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS) cycle is used to verify the SOC estimation method. The maximum SOC estimation error is 0.6% compared with the real SOC obtained from the discharging test.
Alterations to the gut microbiota have been previously suggested to be tightly linked to chronic systemic inflammation, which is a major contributing factor to complications and disease progression ...in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, the effect of gut dysbiosis on the pathogenesis and/or production of inflammatory factors in CKD has not been extensively studied to date. In the present study, we conducted 16S ribosomal DNA pyrosequencing using fecal microbiota samples and analyzed the production of serum inflammatory factors in 50 patients with CKD and 22 healthy control (HC) subjects. The results revealed that compared to the HC subjects, patients with CKD exhibited a significant reduction in the richness and structure of their fecal microbiota. At the phylum level, compared to the HC group, patients with CKD also presented reduced abundance of Actinobacteria but increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia. Moreover, the genera
, and
were enriched in the fecal samples of patients with CKD, while
and
were enriched in those of the HC subjects. The abundance of
in the CKD group was significantly lower than that in the HC group (3.08 vs. 0.67%); this decrease in the abundance of
, an important probiotic, in patients with CKD is a striking discovery as it has not been previously reported. Finally, we analyzed whether these changes to the fecal microbiota correlated with CKD clinical characteristics and/or the production of known inflammatory factors. Altered levels of the microbiota genera
, and
were shown to be correlated with CKD disease-severity indicators, including the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Most notably,
was significantly negatively correlated with the production of interleukin-10. The results of the present study suggest that microbiota dysbiosis may promote chronic systemic inflammation in CKD. Furthermore, they support that modifying the gut microbiota, especially
, may be a promising potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate the progression of, and/or systemic inflammation in, CKD.
This article presents a weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for the Cahn-Hilliard equation. The WG method makes use of piecewise polynomials as approximating functions, with weakly defined ...partial derivatives (first and second order) computed locally by using the information in the interior and on the boundary of each element. A stabilizer is constructed and added to the numerical scheme for the purpose of providing certain weak continuities for the approximating function. A mathematical convergence theory is developed for the corresponding numerical solutions, and optimal order of error estimates are derived. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method.
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•Based ‘successive’ nucleophilic substitution high selective H2S detection was realized.•The probe can target mitochondrial-H2S with red light emissive fluorescent.•The probe ...successfully was applied imaging in living HeLa cells and mice.
The research of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biology function, pathological and pharmacological effects has been active in the field of chemists and biologists in recent years. Especially, consequent H2S detection mechanisms and biological applications based on fluorescence probe emerged in endlessly, competing ideas, each had its advantage. In facts, the reaction mechanism and luminescence properties play a decisive role in the biology application of H2S fluorescence probe. In this despite booming season, in the process of research we still skillfully conceived, in view of H2S with small structure being able to do successive nucleophilic substitution in the same molecules, high selective H2S subcellular detection was realized. Specifically, we take the cyanine (Cy7) with positive charge as a red fluorophore, through the introduction of disulfide bond and carbonate to build the specific reaction sites of H2S, thus avoiding the interference of other sulfur-containing substances in biological systems. After reaction with H2S, the Probe released red fluorophore, realizing mitochondria target H2S detection. Because the advantages of red fluorescence emission probe, the Probe successfully was applied imaging in mice.
A novel approach to synthesize molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles using a MIL-101 support (a type of metal–organic framework) is reported herein for the first time; the sample is ...referred as MIL@MIP. The nanoparticles were well distributed within the polymer film, and exhibit an octahedral shape, satisfied thermal stability, and a high specific surface area (SSA) of 1579.43m2g−1. The adsorption behavior of MIL@MIP toward metolcarb in aqueous solution was subsequently examined. The synthesized MIL@MIP displayed satisfactory high transfer mass rates and a high selective adsorption affinity for metolcarb. Based on these results, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor based on MIL@MIP was subsequently constructed and examined for the sensitive detection of metolcarb. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit of the system assessed in pear juice was 0.0689mgL−1 within a linear concentration range of 0.1–0.9mgL−1. MIL@MIP–QCM system combines the advantages of MIL-101 and molecularly imprinted technology (MIT), thereby achieving high detection sensitivity and selectivity. The current findings suggest the potential of MIL@MIP for detecting trace level pesticides and veterinary drugs for food safety and environmental control.
•MOFs supported surface–imprinted nanoparticles (MIL@MIP) had been prepared.•A QCM sensor based on of MIL@MIP is constructed.•Selectivity and specific quantification of metolcarb had been achieved.•This study presented an efficient method to synthesize porous materials.
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