Combining freshwater consumption and wastewater emissions into a unified analysis framework and utilizing the epsilon-based measure (EBM) model with the characteristics of radial model and non-radial ...model, this paper evaluates green water use efficiency (GWUE) of 11 provincial-regions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and investigates its spatiotemporal differences during the period 2005-2014, on basis of which the contribution rate of each input-specific green water use inefficiency in the overall green water use efficiency and the potential of freshwater-saving and wastewater emissions reduction are also calculated. The Theil index is used to explore the sources of the provincial gap of green water use inefficiency, and a random-effect panel Tobit model is applied to test the impact of the influencing factors of green water use inefficiency in the YREB. It is found that green water use inefficiency of the YREB is relatively low and regional differences is significant during the sample period, indicating a large potential of water-saving and water pollution reduction, and narrowing BGAP and WGAP of the Upstream is the key for improving green water use inefficiency in the YREB. The panel Tobit regression results show that economic development, technological innovation, water use structure, water resources endowment, environmental regulation and regional differences all play positive/negative effects on green water use inefficiency in the YREB, while these factors' influencing direction, degree and significance are significantly different. The conclusions of our study can provide considerably valuable information for the YREB to reserve water resources and reduce wastewater emissions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of polymeric luminescent nanomaterials for biomedical applications has recently attracted a large amount of attention due to the remarkable advantages of these materials compared with ...small organic dyes and fluorescent inorganic nanomaterials. Among these polymeric luminescent nanomaterials, polymeric luminescent nanomaterials based on dyes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties should be of great research interest due to their unique AIE properties, the designability of polymers and their multifunctional potential. In this review, the recent advances in the design and biomedical applications of polymeric luminescent nanomaterials based on AIE dyes is summarized. Various design strategies for incorporation of these AIE dyes into polymeric systems are included. The potential biomedical applications such as biological imaging, and use in biological sensors and theranostic systems of these polymeric AIE-based nanomaterials have also been highlighted. We trust this review will attract significant interest from scientists from different research fields in chemistry, materials, biology and interdisciplinary areas.
The recent advances and prospects of polymeric AIE dye-based nanoprobes for biomedical applications are summarized in this review article.
Newton’s constant has observational effects on both the CMB power spectra and the light curves of SNIa. We use Planck data, BAO data and the SNIa measurement to constrain the varying Newton’s ...constant
G
during the CMB epoch and the redshift ranges of PANTHEON samples, and find no evidence indicating that
G
is varying with redshift. By extending the
Λ
CDM model with one free parameter
G
, we get
G
=
(
6
.
65635
-
0.18560
+
0.18766
)
×
10
-
11
m
3
kg
-
1
s
-
2
and
H
0
=
67
.
62
-
1.25
+
1.24
km s
-
1
Mpc
-
1
at 68
%
CL from Planck
+
BAO
+
uncalibrated PANTHEON. The results show the value of
G
is consistent with CODATA 2018, but the
H
0
tension can’t be solved in this way.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In order to reduce considerable emissions of N-containing pollutants from combustion of sewage sludge derived solid fuel, an integrated system of hydrothermal deamination and air stripping was ...developed to effectively remove and recover nitrogen from dewatered sewage sludge (DSS). Three characteristic hydrothermal regimes contributing to deamination were identified. Initial hydrolysis of inorganic-N and labile protein-N was responsible for ammonium (NH4 +-N) released below 300 °C/9.3 MPa, whereas deamination of pyridine-N dominated when being raised to 340 °C/15.5 MPa. At 380 °C and 22.0 MPa, remarkable deamination of stable protein-N occurred, which was accompanied by formation of more heterocyclic-N compounds and resulted in 76.9% N removal from DSS and 7980 mg/L NH4 +-N solution. As a result of catalytic hydrolysis and cracking, calcium oxide additive not only accelerated deamination of stable protein-N, pyrrole-N, and pyridine-N, but also favored transformations of protein-N and quaternary-N to nitrile-N and pyridine-N, respectively, leading to 86.4% total N removal efficiency. The nitrogen transformation reactions and conversion pathways during hydrothermal deamination were proposed and elaborated in detail. Moreover, an efficient air stripping process was coupled to remove and recover ammonia from liquid fraction via ammonium sulfate. Consequently, this system achieved an overall N recovery rate of 62%.
The smart grid has been revolutionizing electrical generation and consumption through a two-way flow of power and information. As an important information source from the demand side, Advanced ...Metering Infrastructure （AMI） has gained increasing popularity all over the world. By making full use of the data gathered by AMI, stakeholders of the electrical industry can have a better understanding of electrical consumption behavior. This is a significant strategy to improve operation efficiency and enhance power grid reliability. To implement this strategy, researchers have explored many data mining techniques for load profiling. This paper performs a state-of-the-art, comprehensive review of these data mining techniques from the perspectives of different technical approaches including direct clustering, indirect clustering, clustering evaluation criteria, and customer segmentation. On this basis, the prospects for implementing load profiling to demand response applications, price-based and incentivebased, are further summarized. Finally, challenges and opportunities of load profiling techniques in future power industry, especially in a demand response world, are discussed.
Since the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, it has been constantly studied and has achieved rapid development. The AI assistant system is expected to improve the quality of automatic ...polyp detection and classification. It could also help prevent endoscopists from missing polyps and make an accurate optical diagnosis. These functions provided by AI could result in a higher adenoma detection rate and decrease the cost of polypectomy for hyperplastic polyps. In addition, AI has good performance in the staging, diagnosis, and segmentation of colorectal cancer. This article provides an overview of recent research focusing on the application of AI in colorectal polyps and cancer and highlights the advances achieved.
Knowledge of the present-day in-situ stress state has significant applications in the exploration and development of tight gas reservoirs. The Ahe Formation is an important tight gas reservoir in the ...Dibei Gasfield of Kuqa Depression. However, prior to this study, little attention has been paid to the present-day in-situ stress field within the formation. In the present study, the in-situ stress orientation and magnitudes were investigated based on well log calculations and geomechanical modeling. The horizontal maximum principal stress (SHmax) orientation was determined from interpretations of drilling-induced tensile fractures (DITFs) and borehole breakouts in imaging logs, which showed variations between NNW-SSE-trending and NNE-SSW-trending in the Dibei Gasfield. The in-situ stress magnitudes were calculated in four wells based on well logs, the results indicated a normal faulting stress regime within the Ahe tight gas reservoir. Numerical simulation of the present-day in-situ stresses showed that the magnitudes of vertical stress (Sv), SHmax and horizontal minimum principal stress (Shmin) were −105.5 MPa∼-191.0 MPa, −88.9 MPa∼-142.9 MPa, and −79.1 MPa∼-127.7 MPa within the Ahe Formation, respectively. In addition, considering the present-day in-situ stress state in the Ahe Formation of Dibei Gasfield, natural fractures in directions parallel/sub-parallel to the SHmax orientation with high fracture angles showed great contributions to subsurface fluid flow. Borehole instability may become a potentially significant problem when drilling vertical wells and horizontal wells deviated toward the SHmax orientation in the Ahe tight gas reservoir of Dibei Gasfield.
•The SHmax orientation in the Dibei Gasfield was determined.•The in-situ stress regime in the Ahe Formation of Dibei Gasfield was analyzed.•The present-day in-situ stress field in the Ahe Formation was numerical studied.•Implications of in-situ stresses on tight gas development were analyzed.
Objectives
We conducted inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies in order to examine the effects of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles on the lung, and evaluated whether or not the ...nanoparticles would cause persistent lung inflammation.
Methods
In the inhalation study, male 10‐week‐old Fischer 334 rats were classified into 3 groups. The control, low‐dose, and high‐dose groups inhaled clean air, 2, and 10 mg/m3 WO3 nanoparticles, respectively, for 6 h each day for 4 weeks. The rats were dissected at 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the inhalation, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were examined. In the intratracheal instillation study, male 12‐week‐old Fischer 334 rats were divided into 3 subgroups. The control, low‐dose, and high‐dose groups were intratracheally instilled 0.4 ml distilled water, 0.2, and 1.0 mg WO3 nanoparticles, respectively, dissolved in 0.4 ml distilled water. The rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month after the intratracheal instillation, and the BALF and lung tissue were analyzed as in the inhalation study.
Results
The inhalation and instillation of WO3 nanoparticles caused transient increases in the number and rate of neutrophils, cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)‐1, and CINC‐2 in BALF, but no histopathological changes or upregulation of heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 in the lung tissue.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that WO3 nanoparticles have low toxicity to the lung. According to the results of the inhalation study, we also propose that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of WO3 nanoparticles is 2 mg/m3.
A simple and efficient method for the visible light induced direct carbon alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1
H
)-ones at the C3 position is described. This protocol employs cheap and readily available ...phenyliodine(
iii
) dicarboxylates as the alkylation reagents to conduct decarboxylative radical coupling reaction with quinoxalin-2(1
H
)-ones. The process exhibits excellent compatibility to functional groups and provides a convenient and selective access to various 3-alkylquinoxalin-2(1
H
)-ones in good yields.
3-Alkylquinoxalin-2(1
H
)-ones are synthesized
via
direct alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1
H
)-ones at the C3 position under visible light irradiation.
•Bacterial metabolism function and substrate utilization ability were evaluated.•Diversity of bacterial community was significantly improved during composting.•Metabolism diversity of bacterial ...community decreased during composting.•Substrate utilization capacity of bacterial community decreased during composting.•ORP, moisture and temperature were major factors impacting bacterial community.
Succession of bacterial community, metabolism function and substrate utilization capacity in 60 days composting of cow manure were analyzed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, PICRUSt and Biolog method, respectively. The results showed that the number of bacterial OTUs increased from 176 in raw cow manure to 203 on Day-10, 220 on Day-30 and 313 on Day-60 of the composting, respectively. The PICRUSt analysis showed that the relative abundances of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism increased by 28.5% and 22.4% during the incubation, respectively, but the abundances of the genes involved in nucleotide and amino acid metabolism decreased by 21.6% and 2.1%. Furthermore, the average well color development (AWCD) of carboxylic acids (0.99–0.48) and amino acids (1.61–0.89) in Biolog Eco-microplate displayed a steady downtrend through the composting process. Redundancy analysis showed that ORP, moisture and temperature could explain 68.1%, 17.6% and 14.2% of the variation in bacterial genera, respectively.
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