Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has been recognized as an alternative to interspecies H2 transfer as a mechanism for syntrophic growth, but previous studies on DIET with defined ...co-cultures have only documented DIET with ethanol as the electron donor in the absence of conductive materials. Co-cultures of Geobacter metallireducens and Geobacter sulfurreducens metabolized propanol, butanol, propionate, and butyrate with the reduction of fumarate to succinate. G. metallireducens utilized each of these substrates whereas only electrons available from DIET supported G. sulfurreducens respiration. A co-culture of G. metallireducens and a strain of G. sulfurreducens that could not metabolize acetate oxidized acetate with fumarate as the electron acceptor, demonstrating that acetate can also be syntrophically metabolized via DIET. A co-culture of G. metallireducens and Methanosaeta harundinacea previously shown to syntrophically convert ethanol to methane via DIET metabolized propanol or butanol as the sole electron donor, but not propionate or butyrate. The stoichiometric accumulation of propionate or butyrate in the propanol- or butanol-fed cultures demonstrated that M. harundinaceae could conserve energy to support growth solely from electrons derived from DIET. Co-cultures of G. metallireducens and Methanosarcina barkeri could also incompletely metabolize propanol and butanol and did not metabolize propionate or butyrate as sole electron donors. These results expand the range of substrates that are known to be syntrophically metabolized through DIET, but suggest that claims of propionate and butyrate metabolism via DIET in mixed microbial communities warrant further validation.
DNA barcoding is expected to be one of the most promising tools in biological taxonomy. However, there have been no agreements on which core barcode should be used in plants, especially in ...species-rich genera with wide geographical distributions. To evaluate their discriminatory power in large genera, four of the most widely used DNA barcodes, including three plastid regions (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), were tested in seven species-rich genera (Ficus, Pedicularis, Rhodiola, Rhododendron,Viburnum, Dendrobium and Lysimachia) and a moderate size genus, Codonopsis. All of the sequences from the aforementioned seven large genera were downloaded from NCBI. The related barcodes for Codonopsis were newly generated in this study. Genetics distances, DNA barcoding gaps and phylogenetic trees of the four single barcodes and their combinations were calculated and compared in the seven genera. As for single barcode, nrITS has the most variable sites, the clearest intra- and inter-specific divergences and the highest discrimination rates in the seven genera. Among the combinations of barcodes, ITS+matK performed better than all the single barcodes in most cases and even the three- and four-loci combinations in the seven genera. Therefore, we recommend ITS+matK as the core barcodes for large plant genera.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The interfacial co-existence of oxygen and metal vacancies in metal oxide semiconductors and their highly efficient carrier transport have rarely been reported. This work reports on the co-existence ...of oxygen and titanium vacancies at the interface between TiO2 and rGO via a simple two-step calcination treatment. Experimental measurements show that the oxygen and titanium vacancies are formed under 550 °C/Ar and 350 °C/air calcination conditions, respectively. These oxygen and titanium vacancies significantly enhance the transport of interfacial carriers, and thus greatly improve the photocurrent performances, the apparent quantum yield, and photocatalysis such as photocatalytic H2 production from water-splitting, photocatalytic CO2 reduction and photo-electrochemical anticorrosion of metals. A new “interfacial co-existence of oxygen and titanium vacancies” phenomenon, and its characteristics and mechanism are proposed at the atomic-/nanoscale to clarify the generation of oxygen and titanium vacancies as well as the interfacial carrier transport.
Background
Extubation failure can lead to a longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay, higher mortality rate, and higher risk of requiring tracheostomy. Chest physiotherapy (CPT) can help patients in ...reducing the accumulation of airway secretion, preventing collapsed lung, improving lung compliance, and reducing comorbidities. Much research has investigated the correlation between CPT and respiratory system clearance. However, few studies have investigated the correlation between CPT and failed ventilator extubation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of CPT for reducing the rate of failed removal from mechanical ventilators.
Methods
This study was an intervention study with mechanical control. Subjects were divided into two groups. The control group, which received routine nursing chest care, was selected from a retrospective chart review. The intervention group was prospectively taken into the chest physiotherapy program. The chest physiotherapy treatment protocol consisted of inspiratory muscle training, manual hyperinflation, chest wall mobilization, secretion removal, cough function training, and early mobilization.
Results
A total of 439 subjects were enrolled in the intervention and control groups, with a mean age of 69 years. APACHE II score (P = .09) and GCS scores (P = .54) were similar between the two groups. Compared to the control group, patients in the intervention group had a significantly lower reintubation rate (8% vs 16%; P = .01).
Conclusions
The results indicate that intensive chest physiotherapy could decrease extubation failure in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. In addition, chest physiotherapy could also significantly improve the rapid shallow breathing index score.
In this article, two undescribed amides (1-2) with an unusual (2-formyl-5- hydroxymethyl)-pyrroyl-butylamine moiety were obtained from the Physochlainae Radix. Comprehensive spectroscopic ...studies, including NMR and HRESIMS, coupling with spectroscopic data comparisons were used to determine structures. Anti-inflammatory assay results showed that new amides possessed significant inhibitory activities of the NO production of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 17.52 ± 1.68 μM and 20.37 ± 2.42 μM, respectively.
Three kinds of multifunctional hexagonal copper sulfide crystals were successfully synthesized by adjusting the preparation process in this work. The supercapacitor performance of product-based ...electrodes was studied by CV, GCD and EIS measurements, respectively, from which the product synthesized at 140° was proved to have the most brilliant cycle stability and notable energy density. The impact of pH on photocatalytic decomposition of MO was investigated and a reasonable photocatalytic degradation mechanism was proposed, which suggested that it is at pH 5 that the surface state of the catalyst is most conducive to the photocatalytic reaction. Furthermore, the result of a 5 cycle test at pH 5 indicated that the degradation rate still remained 80.9%. All the experimental results fully indicated that the synthesized CuS nanostructure possessed potential electrical and optical application value.
Pure hexagonal CuS nanoparticles with stable high capacitance and photocatalytic activity were obtained by a mild solvothermal method.
Invited for the cover of this issue are Xiao‐Yu Yang and co‐workers at Wuhan University of Technology, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf, University of the Witwatersrand, and Ben‐Gurion ...University of the Negev. The image depicts Ti vacancies in TiO2 as powerful drivers of photo‐ and photo‐electrocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen production. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101817.
“We think this can provide new insight into the design of high‐performance catalysts for seawater splitting.” Read more about the story behind the cover in the Cover Profile and about the research itself on page 14202 ff. (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101817).
Hierarchical TiO2 nanofibers with enriched surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies have been synthesized. An assessment of their photocatalytic properties shows that the new catalyst has high ...stability and exhibits excellent photocatalytic H2 production performance in seawater. The enhanced activity of the catalyst is a consequence of the elevation in the rates of charge transfer and H+ adsorption by the synergistic effects of surface hydroxyls and oxygen vacancies.
Immune and inflammatory responses have an important function in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the immune landscape in peripheral circulation in ...patients with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). We apply single-cell transcriptomics to characterize the monocytes that are significantly enriched in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HAPH patients. We discover an increase in C1 (non-classical) and C2 (intermediate) monocytes in PBMCs and a decrease in hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) in all monocyte subsets associated with HAPH. In addition, we demonstrate that similar immune adaptations may exist in HAPH and PH. Overall, we characterize an immune cell atlas of the peripheral blood in HAPH patients. Our data provide evidence that specific monocyte subsets and HIF-1α downregulation might be implicated in the pathogenesis of HAPH.
Survival data have shown little therapeutic improvement in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) over the past several decades, mostly due to aggressive growth and resistance to therapy. ...Glutathione (GSH) depletion in PDAC may serve as a strategy to suppress tumour malignancy and sensitize tumour cells to therapy. Herein, novel
l
-cysteine-based poly(disulfide amide) polymers were fabricated to deliver a histone methyltransferase G9a inhibitor (UNC0638) that can simultaneously block GSH biosynthesis and clear cellular GSH levels in PDAC. The optimal UNC0638 nanodrug (NP
UNC0638
) had the desired particle size, reasonable drug loading capacity, and GSH-controlled drug release. Moreover, compared to UNC0638 alone, NP
UNC0638
showed better efficacy in inhibiting cell viability, arresting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing the invasion and self-renewal capacity of PDAC cells. Furthermore, NP
UNC0638
was found to be tumour-specific and well tolerated with no apparent toxicity to vital organs and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Additionally, treatment with NP
UNC0638
provided favourable outcomes in the PDAC xenograft model. Therefore, this work presents a potent drug delivery platform to overcome the GSH-induced malignant potential of PDAC.
To overcome glutathione-induced malignant potential of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), redox-responsive nanoparticles based on glutathione depletion strategy were used to deliver histone methyltransferase G9a inhibitor for PDAC therapy.
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