Molecular imprinting-based solid-phase extraction (MI-SPE) has been in the spotlight to improve the recognition selectivity and detection sensitivity. MI-SPE provides a powerful tool for ...chemo/bioanalysis in complex matrices and meanwhile, benefits from distinguished advantages such as easy operation, high throughput, low cost, high selectivity and durability. This review proposed the recent advances in molecular imprinting concerning novel preparation strategies of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and typical applications of MI-SPE. Preparation strategies are highlighted by dividing into ten sections mainly including dummy imprinting, multi-template imprinting, surface imprinting, water-compatible imprinting, restricted access material combining imprinting etc.; each section provides the descriptions about what restrictions led to the emergence of any strategy, strengths/weaknesses of every strategy and universal applications of upgraded MIPs in various SPE modes prior to chromatographic analysis. The potential of MIPs for implementation in routine laboratory activities and scale-up is expected, and finally remaining challenges and future perspectives are proposed.
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•Current challenges on MIPs and related imprinting strategies are comprehensively summarized.•Applications of upgraded molecular imprinting based solid-phase extraction are discussed.•The potential of MIPs for implementation in routine laboratory activities and scale-up is summarized.•The future study requirements are highlighted.
A mild and catalytic method to form difluoromethylated arenes through the activation of benzylic CH bonds has been developed. Utilizing AgNO3 as the catalyst, various arenes with diverse functional ...groups undergo activation/fluorination of benzylic CH bonds with commercially available Selectfluor reagent as a source of fluorine in aqueous solution. The reaction is operationally simple and amenable to gram‐scale synthesis.
Selectfluor serves as the fluorine source and AgNO3 as the catalyst in the oxidative activation of benzylic CH bonds. This method was developed to transform methylated arenes with various functional groups into difluoromethylated arenes. The reaction is operationally simple and amenable to gram‐scale synthesis.
Increasing evidence has revealed a close relationship between non-coding RNAs and cancer progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a recently identified new member of non-coding RNAs, are demonstrated ...to participate in diverse biological processes, such as development, homeostatic maintenance and pathological responses. The functions of circRNAs in cancer have drawn wide attention recently. Until now, the expression patterns and roles of circRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have remained largely unknown.
Bioinformatics method was used to screen differentially expressed novel circRNAs in HCC. Northern blotting, qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization (ISH) and RNA-FISH were utilized to analyzed the expression of circRHOT1 in HCC tisues.CCK8, colony formation, EdU assays were used to analyze proliferation of HCC cells. Transwell assay was utilized to analyze HCC cell migration and invasion. FACS was used for apoptosis analysis. Xenograft experiments were used to analyze tumor growth in vivo. Mass spectrum, RNA pulldown, RIP and EMSA was utilized to test the interaction between circRHOT1 and TIP60. RNA-sequencing method was used to analyze the downstream target gene of circRHOT1.
We identified circRHOT1 (hsa_circRNA_102034) as a conserved and dramatically upregulated circRNA in HCC tissues. HCC patients displaying high circRHOT1 level possessed poor prognosis. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated circRHOT1 significantly promoted HCC growth and metastasis. Regarding the mechanism, we conducted a RNA pulldown with a biotin-labeled circRHOT1-specific probe and found that circRHOT1 recruited TIP60 to the NR2F6 promoter and initiated NR2F6 transcription. Moreover, NR2F6 knockout inhibited growth, migration and invasion, whereas rescuing NR2F6 in circRHOT1-knockout HCC cells rescued the proliferation and metastasis abilities of HCC cells.
Taken together, circRHOT1 inhibits HCC development and progression via recruiting TIP60 to initiate NR2F6 expression, indicating that circRHOT1 and NR2F6 may be potential biomarkers for HCC prognosis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Active films based on chitosan incorporated tea polyphenols with different concentrations were developed. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was used to investigate ...the potential interactions between chitosan and tea polyphenols in the films. Physical properties of the chitosan films incorporated tea polyphenols, including density, moisture content, opacity, color, water solubility and water vapor permeability, were measured. Antioxidant activity of the films was characterized in terms of total phenolic content and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity. The results indicated that the incorporation of tea polyphenols caused interactions between chitosan and tea polyphenols and gave rise to the films darker appearance. After the addition of tea polyphenols, the films showed increased water solubility and decreased water vapor permeability. Meanwhile, the incorporation of tea polyphenols enhanced the total phenolic content and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of the films, i.e., increased the antioxidant activity of the films. But the antioxidant activity of the chitosan films incorporated tea polyphenols declined with time.
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► Tea polyphenols (TP) were incorporated into chitosan films. ► The effects of TP content on properties of the chitosan/TP films were investigated. ► Addition of TP caused changes in opacity and color of chitosan films. ► Chitosan/TP films showed better moisture barrier property and antioxidant activity.
Over the past years, the study about bone tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine has been a main research topic. Using three-dimensional (3D) porous degradable scaffold complexed ...with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factor gene to improve bone tissue repair and regeneration has raised much interest. This study mainly evaluated the osteogenesis of alveolar bone defects of animal in the following experimental groups: sham-operated (SO), 3D printed bioglass (3D-BG), 3D-BG with BMP-2 gene loaded CS (3D-BG + BMP/CS) and 3D-BG with rhesus marrow bone MSCs and BMP/CS (3D-BG + BMP/CS + rBMSCs). Simulated human bone defect with critical size of 10 × 10 × 5 mm were established in quadrumana - rhesus monkeys, and in vivo osteogenesis was characterized by X-ray, micro-Computed Tomography (mCT) and history. Our results revealed that 3D-BG + rBMSCs + BMP/CS scaffold could improve bone healing best by showing its promote osteogenic properties in vivo. Considering the great bone repair capacity of 3D-BG + BMP/CS + rBMSCs in humanoid primate rhesus monkeys, it could be a promising therapeutic strategy for surgery trauma or accidents, especially for alveolar bones defects.
Not only physiological phenomena but also pathological phenomena can now be explained by the change of signal transduction in the cells of specific tissues. Commonly used cellular signal ...transductions are limited. They consist of the protein-tyrosine kinase dependent or independent Ras-ERK pathway, and the PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, SMAD, and NF-κB-activation pathways. In addition, biodegradation systems, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy, are also important for physiological and pathological conditions. If we can control signaling for each by a low-molecular-weight agent, it would be possible to treat diseases in new ways. At present, such cell signaling inhibitors are mainly looked for in plants, soil microorganisms, and the chemical library. The screening of bioactive metabolites from deep-sea organisms should be valuable because of the high incidence of finding novel compounds. Although it is still an emerging field, there are many successful examples, with new cell signaling inhibitors. In this review, we would like to explain the current view of the cell signaling systems important in diseases, and show the inhibitors found from deep-sea organisms, with their structures and biological activities. These inhibitors are possible candidates for anti-inflammatory agents, modulators of metabolic syndromes, antimicrobial agents, and anticancer agents.
Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoparticles (generally with a size of 30–150 nm) bearing numerous biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which are thought to play important ...roles in intercellular communication. As carriers, exosomes hold promise as advanced platforms for targeted drug/gene delivery, owing to their unique properties, such as innate stability, low immunogenicity and excellent tissue/cell penetration capacity. However, their practical applications can be limited due to insufficient targeting ability or low efficacy in some cases. In order to overcome these existing challenges, various approaches have been applied to engineer cell-derived exosomes for a higher selectivity and effectiveness. This review presents the state-of-the-art designs and applications of advanced exosome-based systems for targeted cargo delivery. By discussing experts’ opinions, we hope this review will inspire the researchers in this field to develop more practical exosomal delivery systems for clinical applications.
Abstract
The growing importance of fluorinated compounds in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials has triggered the development of new methods for the introduction of fluorine into small ...molecules. Although it is a challenge to prepare fluorinated compounds, new developed reactions are addressing this challenge and facilitating the synthesis of difluoromethylated arenes. In this article, we highlight recently important developments in the synthesis of difluoromethylated arenes.
1 Introduction
2 Cross-Coupling with Copper
3 Cross-Coupling with Palladium
4 Cross-Coupling with Other Metals
5 C(sp
2
)–H Activation
6 C(sp
3
)–H Activation
7 Conclusion
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family is the second largest superfamily of transcription factors that belongs to all three eukaryotic kingdoms. The key function of this superfamily is the ...regulation of growth and developmental mechanisms in plants. However, the bHLH gene family in
has not yet been studied. Here, we identified 41 bHLH genes in
that were classified into 23 subgroups. Further, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis and identified 10 conserved protein motifs found in the safflower bHLH family. We comprehensively analyzed a group of bHLH genes that could be associated with flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower by gene expression analysis, gene ontology annotation, protein interaction network prediction, subcellular localization of the candidate CtbHLH40 gene, and real-time quantitative expression analysis. This study provides genome-wide identification of the genes related to biochemical and physiological processes in safflower.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. CircFUT8 has been shown to be upregulated in cancers, but its function in HCC remains unclear. Tumor-associated macrophages ...(TAMs) are one of the main components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and M1 macrophages function as tumor suppressors in cancers. Exosomes exert an important role in the TME, and circRNAs can be modified by m6A. We investigated the function of circFUT8 in HCC and its interaction with exosomes, M1 macrophages, and m6A.
CircFUT8 expression was detected in HCC cells, and its effects on HCC cell growth were verified through functional assays. Mechanism assays including RNA pull down, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase reporter assays were undertaken to verify how circFUT8 may interact with miR-628-5p, and how these molecules may modulate HCC cell malignancy via interacting with exosomes and macrophages.
CircFUT8 was upregulated in HCC cells and it accelerated HCC cell growth. Exosomes derived from M1 macrophages transferred miR-628-5p to HCC cells to inhibit human methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) expression. METTL14 promoted circFUT8 m6A modification and facilitated its nuclear export to the cytoplasm, where M1 macrophages regulated the circFUT8/miR-552-3p/CHMP4B pathway, thereby suppressing HCC progression.
M1 macrophages-derived exosomal miR-628-5p inhibited the m6A modification of circFUT8, inhibiting HCC development.
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