Although ethics instruction has become an accepted part of the business school curriculum at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, some scholars have questioned its effectiveness, and research ...results have been mixed. However, studies yield interesting results regarding certain factors that influence the ethicality of business students and may impact the effectiveness of business ethics instruction. One of these factors is gender. Using personal and business ethics scenarios, we examine the main and interactive effects of gender and business ethics education on moral judgment. We then analyze the relationships between gender and business ethics education on personal ethical perspectives. Our results indicate that women are generally more inclined to act ethically than men, but paradoxically women who have had business ethics instruction are less likely to respond ethically to business situations. In addition, men may be more responsive to business ethics education than women. Finally, women's personal ethical orientations may become more relativistic after taking a business ethics class.
Can a Retail Web Site Be Social? Wang, Liz C.; Baker, Julie; Wagner, Judy A. ...
Journal of marketing,
07/2007, Letnik:
71, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Avatars are lifelike characters created by technology. Research suggests that avatars can increase the persuasiveness of online sales channels. The authors investigate how the social cues inherent in ...avatars influence consumers' affect and shopping value. In Study 1, social cues induce perceptions of Web site socialness, leading to increased pleasure and arousal, both of which positively influence flow, hedonic and utilitarian value, and patronage intentions. Study 2 finds that social cue-induced arousal leads to increased pleasure only for consumers who are involved with the product category. Moreover, the influence of arousal on hedonic value is stronger for women, flow does not lead to pleasure for older consumers, and utilitarian value is less important for this group than for their younger counterparts. The findings suggest that there is a competitive advantage for online retailers that use social cues that provide consumers with enhanced perceptions of human connection and the formation of emotional bonds.
“Flow” has been established as a critical determinant of an online shopping experience. Online consumers with flow experience tend to be less price-sensitive and to have favorable attitudes and high ...re-patronage intention. As retail stores account for 90% of retail sales, it is important to advance our knowledge of flow theory in physical retail stores. However, the antecedents (navigational challenge, web skill) derived from the extant online flow literature are not applicable to in-store shopping. To fill the void, the two objectives here are (1) to provide a theoretical foundation to develop the antecedents (challenges and skills) associated with in-store shopping, and (2) to examine their impacts on consumer flow experience (concentration, control, and enjoyment) and subsequent future shopping intentions. The results will advance the literature of flow and offer helpful suggestions to retail marketing.
How website socialness leads to website use Wakefield, Robin L; Wakefield, Kirk L; Baker, Julie ...
European journal of information systems,
20/1/1/, Letnik:
20, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Website designers are beginning to incorporate social cues, such as helpfulness and familiarity, into e-commerce sites to facilitate the exchange relationship. Website socialness elicits a social ...response from users of the site and this response produces enjoyment. Users patronize websites that are exciting, entertaining and stimulating. The purpose of our study is to explore the effects of website socialness perceptions on the formation of users' beliefs, attitudes and subsequent behavioral intentions. We manipulate website socialness perceptions across two different online shopping contexts, one for functional products and the other for pleasure-oriented products, and draw from the responses of 300 Internet users. Our findings show that website socialness perceptions lead to enjoyment, have a strong influence on user intentions and these effects are invariant across shopping contexts.
Although educators suggest integrating Kolb's four stages of experiential learning cycle in service-learning (SL) pedagogy, no higher education research has demonstrated how to create experiential ...activities for each stage. Little is known about the impacts of student volunteer motivation and individual learning strategies. This research examines the effects of undergraduates' perceptions of experiential learning and volunteer motivation in a business SL course on student learning outcomes. Two field studies were conducted. Volunteer motivation and experiential learning perception influence student learning outcomes. To capitalize on the benefits of SL pedagogy, a high-level experiential learning course is a must.
Participation in study abroad programs (SAPs) is widely viewed as offering important professional and personal benefits for college students. This study applies the Theory of Reasoned Action Ajzen, ...I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. as a theoretical framework to better understand how undergraduate students' individual attitudes and subjective norms from three social groups (family, friends and professors) impact their intent to participate in SAPs. Surveys were conducted at three public and private universities in the USA and Taiwan. The results suggest that both individual attitudes and subjective norms are influential factors for college students, and the effects are dependent on the type of SAPs. The current research offers several additions to the SAPs literature. Also, the results offer new insights for higher education and other institutional managers for increasing student participation in SAPs.
Purpose - A person's optimum stimulation level (OSL) reflects one's desired level of environmental stimulation and predisposition to act in the presence of environments. The purpose of this paper is ...to propose a comprehensive model, which illustrates that consumers with different levels of OSL have differing evaluations of retail store elements, shopping value and subsequent shopping behaviours.Design methodology approach - To examine the relationship between OSL and consumer perceptions and behaviours, interviews were conducted with retail shoppers in Taiwan (n=147).Findings - Taiwanese shoppers with a high OSL were found to have more favourable evaluations of a store's ambient, design, layout and density elements than did consumers with a low OSL. Additionally, the high OSL shoppers reported higher hedonic and utilitarian values from their shopping. Most importantly, the shoppers with a high OSL spent more time and money in stores.Practical implications - With this research, hopefully retailers will pay even more attention to the ambient, design and layout elements of their stores. In doing so, they might be able to attract more consumers with a high OSL and entice them to spend more money.Originality value - The paper contributes to the growing body of international retailing research by examining the effects of shoppers' optimum stimulation levels on their perceptions toward store elements, perceived shopping value, and purchase behaviours. Moreover, a comprehensive framework is put forth to assist future research.
Study abroad programs (SAPs) are in international education industry. According to OECD's report, in 2012, more than 4.5 million students were studying abroad and the average annual growth rate was ...7%. Many universities and educational institutions from different countries have been promoting SAPs to their college students. To effectively promote SAPs, education practitioners need to find the right target segments and to make SAPs attractive to the target consumers. International marketing scholars suggest consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism as important segmentation variables to better understand consumer behaviors toward local and foreign products in different countries (Cleveland, Papadopoulos, and Laroche 2011). By the same token, both two constructs may be important segmentation variables for SAPs (domestic/foreign education service), but have not been explored yet. To fill this void, this study examines the impacts of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism on college students' study abroad attitudes and behavioral intention. According to Social Identity Theory and the existing literature, this paper suggests three research hypotheses. Furthermore, two empirical studies with online surveys were conducted in the US and in Taiwan to test the research hypotheses. The first study included 209 students at an AACSB-accredited public university in the U.S while the second study had 104 respondents from a private university in Taiwan. The study results highlight the importance of cosmopolitanism trait on college students' SAPs decision, but did not find the negative effects of ethnocentrism. This research offers insights to marketing practitioner in education to promote SAPs.
An acute scrotum is a common clinical scenario prompting urologic involvement. Scrotal ultrasonography with Doppler is the main imaging modality utilized for the evaluation of an acute scrotum and ...can help distinguish testicular torsion from epididymoorchitis, two common causes of testicular pain. Testicular infarction is a rare but potential complication of epididymoorchitis. We report a case of epididymoorchitis presenting with reversal of testicular diastolic flow concerning for impending testicular infarction but with a non-ischemic testis on scrotal exploration and repeat scrotal ultrasonography post-operatively.
•Doppler ultrasonography is used to characterize epididymal and testicular flow.•Reversal of testicular diastolic flow does not always lead to testicular infarction.•Epididymoorchitis may present as reversal of testicular diastolic flow.•Scrotal exploration is recommended for reversal of testicular diastolic flow.
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