Abstract
To explore any relationship between the ABO blood group and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility, we compared ABO blood group distributions in 2173 COVID-19 patients with ...local control populations, and found that blood group A was associated with an increased risk of infection, whereas group O was associated with a decreased risk.
•An exopolysaccharide BS-2 were extracted from Bacillus sp. S-1 in Sichuan Pickles.•The primary structure of BS-2 was identified by HPSEC, FT-IR, GC–MS, NMR.•The exopolysaccharide BS-2 exhibited ...potent antioxidant activity in vitro.
It is urgent to explore food-grade EPSs from edible microorganism. In this study, a new type of exopolysaccharide (EPS) secreted by Bacillus sp. S-1 from Sichuan Pickles was isolated and fractioned on anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. As indicated by monosaccharides components analysis, the major component BS-2 mainly consisted of galactose, glucose, and mannose with average molecular weight (Mw) of 1.765 × 104 Da. Moreover, the characterization of EPS was investigated by FT-IR and NMR Spectroscopy. In vitro antioxidant activity assay, it proved that the EPSs possessed potent quenching capacities on superoxide, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent way. Furthermore, the major component BS-2 showed potent protection against oxidative injury by inhibiting H2O2-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells. As suggested by the results, BS-2 might serve as a promising antioxidant agent to be applied in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
Oligosaccharides together with oligonucleotides and oligopeptides comprise the three major classes of natural biopolymers. Automated systems for oligonucleotide and oligopeptide synthesis have ...significantly advanced developments in biological science by allowing nonspecialists to rapidly and easily access these biopolymers. Researchers have endeavored for decades to develop a comparable general automated system to synthesize oligosaccharides. Such a system would have a revolutionary impact on the understanding of the roles of glycans in biological systems. The main challenge to achieving automated synthesis is the lack of general synthetic methods for routine synthesis of glycans. Currently, the two main methods to access homogeneous glycans and glycoconjugates are chemical synthesis and enzymatic synthesis. Enzymatic glycosylation can proceed stereo- and regiospecifically without protecting group manipulations. Moreover, the reaction conditions of enzyme-catalyzed glycosylations are extremely mild when compared to chemical glycosylations. Over the past few years methodology toward the automated chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides has been developed. Conversely, while automated enzymatic synthesis is conceptually possible, it is not as well developed. The goal of this survey is to provide a foundation on which continued technological advancements can be made to promote the automated enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides.
Until May 2022, zoonotic infectious disease monkeypox (MPX) caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) was one of the forgotten viruses considered to be geographically limited in African countries even ...though few cases outside of Africa were identified. Central and West African countries are known to be endemic for MPXV. However, since the number of human MPX cases has rapidly increased outside of Africa the global interest in this virus has markedly grown. The majority of infected people with MPXV have never been vaccinated against smallpox virus. Noteworthily, the MPXV spreads fast in men who have sex with men (MSM). Preventive measures against MPXV are essential to be taken, indeed, vaccination is the key. Due to the antigenic similarities, the smallpox vaccine is efficient against MPXV. Nevertheless, there is no specific MPXV vaccine until now. Nucleic acid vaccines deserve special attention since the emergency approval of two messenger RNA (mRNA)-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in 2020. This milestone in vaccinology has opened a new platform for developing more mRNA- or DNA-based vaccines. Certainly, this type of vaccine has a number of advantages including time- and cost-effectiveness over conventional vaccines. The platform of nucleic acid-based vaccines gives humankind a huge opportunity. Ultimately, there is a strong need for developing a universal vaccine against MPXV. This review will shed the light on the strategies for developing nucleic acid vaccines against MPXV in a timely manner. Consequently, developing nucleic acid-based vaccines may alleviate the global threat against MPXV.
Here, we report a practical sugar nucleotide production strategy that combined a high-concentrated multi-enzyme catalyzed reaction and a robust chromatography-free selective precipitation ...purification process. Twelve sugar nucleotides were synthesized on a gram scale with a purity up to 98%.
Herein, we reported a practical approach for multi-gram scale synthesis of natural and unnatural sugar nucleotides.
We introduced a strategy for preparing a carbohydrate microarray and demonstrated its utility for characterizing carbohydrate binding and activities. We isolated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ...components from different bacteria and explored the possibility of immobilizing these glycoconjugates on a high-binding polystyrene plate. Carbohydrate-specific combination was examined by observing the binding of the blood group B analogic LPS
O
-polysaccharide from
Escherichia coli
on the high-binding polystyrene plate and anti-B from a broad spectra antibody of human blood serum. Strong binding of antibodies was screened, as it was evident that relative response value is two times higher than control. The hybridization results indicated that this method is a reliable technique for the detection of human intestinal bacteria and is expected to be applied in diagnostics and seroepidemiology.
O-GalNAc glycans (or mucin O-glycans) play pivotal roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including tumor growth and progression. Structurally defined O-GalNAc glycans are essential ...for functional studies but synthetic challenges and their inherent structural diversity and complexity have limited access to these compounds. Herein, we report an efficient and robust chemoenzymatic modular assembly (CEMA) strategy to construct structurally diverse O-GalNAc glycans. The key to this strategy is the convergent assembly of O-GalNAc cores 1-4 and 6 from three chemical building blocks, followed by enzymatic diversification of the cores by 13 well-tailored enzyme modules. A total of 83 O-GalNAc glycans presenting various natural glycan epitopes are obtained and used to generate a unique synthetic mucin O-glycan microarray. Binding specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) including plant lectins and selected anti-glycan antibodies towards these O-GalNAc glycans are revealed by this microarray, promoting their applicability in functional O-glycomics. Serum samples from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls are assayed using the array reveal higher bindings towards less common cores 3, 4, and 6 than abundant cores 1 and 2, providing insights into O-GalNAc glycan structure-activity relationships.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has already been successfully tested preclinically and there are ongoing clinical trials for protein replacement purposes; however, more effort has been put into the ...development of prevention strategies against infectious diseases. Apparently, mRNA vaccine approval against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a landmark for opening new opportunities for managing diverse health disorders based on this approach. Indeed, apart from infectious diseases, it has also been widely tested in numerous directions including cancer prevention and the treatment of inherited disorders. Interestingly, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA)-based technology is believed to display more developed RNA therapy compared with conventional mRNA technique in terms of its lower dosage requirements, relatively fewer side effects, and possessing long-lasting effects. Nevertheless, some challenges still exist that need to be overcome in order to achieve saRNA-based drug approval in clinics. Hence, the current review discusses the feasibility of saRNA utility for protein replacement therapy on various health disorders including rare hereditary diseases and also provides a detailed overview of saRNA advantages, its molecular structure, mechanism of action, and relevant delivery platforms.
Facile Enzymatic Synthesis of Ketoses Wen, Liuqing; Huang, Kenneth; Wei, Mohui ...
Angewandte Chemie,
October 19, 2015, Letnik:
54, Številka:
43
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Studies of rare ketoses have been hampered by a lack of efficient preparation methods. A convenient, efficient, and cost‐effective platform for the facile synthesis of ketoses is described. This ...method enables the preparation of difficult‐to‐access ketopentoses and ketohexoses from common and inexpensive starting materials with high yield and purity and without the need for a tedious isomer separation step.
A spoonful of sugar: A convenient, efficient, and cost‐effective platform for the facile synthesis of ketoses is described. This method, which involves a one‐pot mulitenzyme (OPME) reaction, enables the preparation of rare ketopentoses and ketohexoses from common and inexpensive starting materials with high yield and purity and without the need for a tedious isomer separation step.
Covalently locking interacting proteins in situ is an attractive strategy for addressing the challenge of identifying weak and transient protein interactions, yet it is demanding to execute chemical ...reactions in live systems in a biocompatible, specific, and autonomous manner. Harnessing proximity-enabled reactivity of an unnatural amino acid incorporated in the bait toward a target residue of unknown proteins, here we genetically encode chemical cross-linkers (GECX) to cross-link interacting proteins spontaneously and selectively in live cells. Obviating an external trigger for reactivity and affording residue specificity, GECX enables the capture of low-affinity protein binding (affibody with Z protein), elusive enzyme-substrate interaction (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D3 with substrate PCNA), and endogenous proteins interacting with thioredoxin in E. coli cells, allowing for mass spectrometric identification of interacting proteins and crosslinking sites. This live cell chemistry-based approach should be valuable for investigating currently intangible protein interactions in vivo for better understanding of biology in physiological settings.
PDF
