Hybrid metamaterials that exhibit reconfigurable responses under external stimulus, such as electric fields and light radiation, have only recently been demonstrated by combining active media with ...patterned metallic structures. Nevertheless, hybrid terahertz (THz) metamaterials whose spectral performance can be dynamically tuned over a large scale remain rare. Compared with most active media (for instance, silicon) that provide limited activity, vanadium dioxide (VO
), which exhibits an insulator-to-metal transition, has been recently explored to facilitate dynamically tunable metamaterials. More importantly, the phase transition yields a three orders of magnitude increase in THz electrical conductivity, which suggests the potential for creating VO
based hybrid resonators that operate at THz frequencies. Here, we show that an integration of VO
structures and conventional metallic resonating components can enable a class of highly tunable THz metamaterials. Considering the widely studied phase-transition dynamics in VO
, the proposed hybrid metamaterials are capable of offering ultrafast modulation of THz radiation.
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant challenge to public health, and is worsened by the widespread misuse of antimicrobial agents such as triclosan (TCS) in personal care and household ...products. Leveraging the electrochemical reactivity of TCS’s phenolic hydroxyl group, this study investigates the electrochemical behavior of TCS on a Cu-based nano-metal–organic framework (Cu-BTC) surface. The synthesis of Cu-BTC via a room temperature solvent method, with triethylamine as a regulator, ensures uniform nanoparticle formation. The electrochemical properties of Cu-BTC and the signal enhancement mechanism are comprehensively examined. Utilizing the signal amplification effect of Cu-BTC, an electrochemical sensor for TCS detection is developed and optimized using response surface methodology. The resulting method offers a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive detection of TCS, with a linear range of 25–10,000 nM and a detection limit of 25 nM. This research highlights the potential of Cu-BTC as a promising material for electrochemical sensing applications, contributing to advancements in environmental monitoring and public health protection.
Chiral media exhibit optical phenomena that provide distinctive responses from opposite circular polarizations. The disparity between these responses can be optimized by structurally engineering ...absorptive materials into chiral nanopatterns to form metamaterials that provide gigantic chiroptical resonances. To fully leverage the innate duality of chiral metamaterials for future optical technologies, it is essential to make such chiroptical responses tunable via external means. Here we report an optical metamaterial with tailored chiroptical effects in the nonlinear regime, which exhibits a pronounced shift in its circular dichroism spectrum under a modest level of excitation power. Strong nonlinear optical rotation is observed at key spectral locations, with an intensity-induced change of 14° in the polarization rotation from a metamaterial thickness of less than λ/7. The modulation of chiroptical responses by manipulation of input powers incident on chiral metamaterials offers potential for active optics such as all-optical switching and light modulation.
Elevated duct is an atmospheric structure characterized by abnormal refractive index gradients, which can significantly affect the performance of radar, communication, and other systems by capturing ...a portion of electromagnetic waves. The South China Sea (SCS) is a high-incidence area for elevated duct, so conducting detection and forecasts of the elevated duct in the SCS holds important scientific significance and practical value. This paper attempts to utilize remote sensing techniques for extracting elevated duct information. Based on GPS sounding data, a lapse rate formula (LRF) model and an empirical formula (EF) model for the estimation of the cloud top height of Stratocumulus were obtained, and then remote sensing retrieval methods of elevated duct were established based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data. The results of these two models were compared with results from the elevated duct remote sensing retrieval model developed by the United States Naval Postgraduate School. It is shown that the probability of elevated duct events was 79.1% when the presence of Stratocumulus identified using GPS sounding data, and the trapping layer bottom height of elevated duct well with the cloud top height of Stratocumulus, with a correlation coefficient of 0.79, a mean absolute error of 289 m, and a root mean square error of 598 m. Among the different retrieval models applied to MODIS satellite data, the LRF model emerged as the optimal remote sensing retrieval method for elevated duct in the SCS, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.51, a mean absolute error of 447 m, and a root mean square error of 658 m between the trapping layer bottom height and the cloud top height. Consequently, the encouraging validation results demonstrate that the LRF model proposed in this paper offers a novel method for diagnosing and calculating elevated ducts information over large-scale marine areas from remote sensing data.
Endotoxins are toxic substances that widely exist in the environment and can enter the intestine with food and other substances. Intestinal epithelial cells are protected by a mucus layer that ...contains MUC2 as its main structural component. However, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in the function of the mucus barrier in endotoxin penetration is lacking. Here, we established the most suitable proportion of Caco-2/HT-29 co-culture cells as a powerful tool to evaluate the intestinal mucus layer. Our findings significantly advance current knowledge as focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction were identified as the two most significantly implicated pathways in MUC2 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected Caco-2/HT-29 co-culture cells after 24 h of LPS stimulation. When the mucus layer was not intact, LPS was found to damage the tight junctions of Caco-2/HT29 co-cultured cells. Furthermore, LPS was demonstrated to inhibit the integrin-mediated focal adhesion structure and damage the matrix network structure of the extracellular and actin microfilament skeletons. Ultimately, LPS inhibited the interactive communication between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton for 24 h in the siMUC2 group compared with the LPS(+) and LPS(-) groups. Overall, we recognized the potential of MUC2 as a tool for barrier function in several intestinal bacterial diseases.
Objective: We have developed a novel simple wedge-shaped microfluidic device for highly efficient isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patient blood samples. Methods: We used wet ...chemical etching and thermal bonding technologies to fabricate the wedge-shaped microdevice and performed optimization assays to obtain optimal capture parameters. Cancer cells spiked samples were used to evaluate the capture performance. Clinical assays were performed to isolate and identify CTCs from whole blood samples of patients with liver, breast, lung, and gastric cancer. Results: Outlet height of 5.5 μm and flow rate of 200 μL/min were chosen as the optimal CTC-capture conditions. This method exhibited excellent isolation performance (more than 85% capture efficiency) for four cancer cell lines (HepG2, SKBR3, A549, and BGC823). In clinical assay, the platform identified CTCs 5 in 6 liver (83.3%), 8 in 10 breast (80%), 5 in 8 lung (62.5%), 5 in 9 gastric (55.6%) cancer patients, and only 1 in 25 healthy blood samples (4%). Conclusion: Our wedge-shaped microfluidic device had several advantages, including relatively simple fabrication, high capture efficiency, simple sample processing steps, and easy observation. Significance: This method had successfully demonstrated the clinical feasibility of CTC isolation and shown a great potential of clinical usefulness in monitoring tumor prognosis and guiding individualized treatment in the future.
In this paper, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is designed and fabricated based on highly electrical and thermal conductive graphene films. The tag operates in the ultrahigh-frequency ...(UHF) band, which is suitable for high-power microwave environments of at least 800 W. We designed the protection structure to avoid charge accumulation at the antenna's critical positions. In the initial state, the read range of the anti-high-power microwave graphene film tag (AMGFT) is 10.43 m at 915 MHz. During the microwave heating experiment, the aluminum tag causes a visible electric spark phenomenon, which ablates the aluminum tag and its attachment, resulting in tag failure and serious safety issues. In contrast, the AMGFT is intact, with its entire read range curve growing and returning to its initial position as its temperature steadily decreases back to room temperature. In addition, the proposed dual-frequency tag further confirms the anti-high-power microwave performance of graphene film tags and provides a multi-scenario interactive application.
Exportin 1 (XPO1) is an important transport receptor that mediates the nuclear export of various proteins and RNA. KPT-8602 is a second-generation inhibitor of XPO1, demonstrating the lowest level of ...side effects, and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancers. Previous studies suggest that several first-generation inhibitors of XPO1 demonstrate anti-inflammation activities, indicating the application of this drug in inflammation-related diseases. In this study, our results suggested the potent anti-inflammatory effect of KPT-8602
in vitro
and
in vivo
. KPT-8602 inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway by blocking the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and the priming of NLRP3. Importantly, the administration of KPT-8602 attenuated both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peripheral inflammation and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neuroinflammation
in vivo
. In addition, the tissue damage was also ameliorated by KPT-8602, indicating that KPT-8602 could be used as a novel potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammasome-related diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, through the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
In this paper, we first introduce the notion of a 3-Hom–Lie bialgebra and give an equivalent description of the 3-Hom–Lie bialgebras, the matched pairs and the Manin triples of 3-Hom–Lie algebras. In ...addition, we define O-operators of 3-Hom–Lie algebras and construct solutions of the 3-Hom–Lie Yang–Baxter equation in terms of O-operators and 3-Hom–pre-Lie algebras. Finally, we show that a 3-Hom–Lie algebra has a phase space if and only if it is sub-adjacent to a 3-Hom–pre-Lie algebra.
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