Lung cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by a rapid proliferation rate, less survivability, high mortality, and metastatic potential. This review focuses on updated research about the clinical ...application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an adjuvant therapy to lung cancer treatment and the mechanisms of TCM effect on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. We summarized the recent 5 years of different research progress on clinical applications and antitumor mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer. As a potent adjuvant therapy, TCM could enhance conventional treatments (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and epidermal growth factor receptors EGFRs tyrosine kinase inhibitors TKIs) effects as well as provide synergistic effects, enhance chemotherapy drugs chemosensitivity, reverse drug resistance, reduce adverse reactions and toxicity, relieve patients' pain and improve quality of life (QOL). After treating with TCM, lung cancer cells will induce apoptosis and/or autophagy, suppress metastasis, impact immune reaction, and therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, TCM is a promisingly potent adjuvant therapy in the treatment of lung cancer and its multiple mechanisms are worthy of an in-depth study.
Background and aims
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel concept proposed in 2020, the utility of which has not been tested and validated in real world. We aimed to compare the ...characteristics of MAFLD and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Methods
The data was retrieved from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of the United States, which is an unbiased survey dataset and frequently used for the study of fatty liver disease.
Results
A total of 13 083 cases with completed ultrasonography and laboratory data were identified from the NHANES III database. MAFLD was diagnosed in 4087/13 083 (31.24%) participants, while NAFLD in 4347/13 083 (33.23%) amongst the overall population and 4347/12 045 (36.09%) in patients without alcohol intake and other liver diseases. Compared with NAFLD, MAFLD patients were significantly older, had higher BMI level, higher proportions of metabolic comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension) and higher HOMA‐IR, lipid and liver enzymes. MAFLD patients with alcohol consumption were younger than those without, and more likely to be male. They had less metabolic disorder but higher liver enzymes. There were more cases with advance fibrosis in MAFLD patients with alcohol consumption.
Conclusion
MAFLD definition is more practical for identifying patients with fatty liver disease with high risk of disease progression.
MicroRNA-199a (miR-199a) is a novel gene regulator with an important role in inflammation and lung injury. However, its role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome ...(ARDS) is currently unknown. Our study explored the role of miR-199a in sepsis-induced ARDS and its mechanism of action. First, we found that LPS could upregulate miR-199a in alveolar macrophages. Downregulation of miR-199a inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages and induced the remission of histopathologic changes, the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, and the upregulation of apoptosis protein expression in an ARDS lung, showing a protective role for miR-199a. We further identified sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as a direct target of miR-199a in alveolar macrophages, and the expression of SIRT1 was negatively correlated with the level of miR-199a. The protective role of miR-199a downregulation in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages and sepsis-induced ARDS could be attenuated by SIRT1 inhibitor. Taken together, these results indicate that downregulation of miR-199a might protect lung tissue against sepsis-induced ARDS by upregulation of SIRT1 through the suppression of excessive inflammatory responses and the inhibition of cellular apoptosis in lung tissue, suggesting its potential therapeutic effects on sepsis-induced ARDS.
Although refractory high-entropy alloys have exceptional strength at high temperatures, they are often brittle at room temperature. One exception is the HfNbTaTiZr alloy, which has a plasticity of ...over 50% at room temperature. However, the strength of HfNbTaTiZr at high temperature is insufficient. In this study, the composition of HfNbTaTiZr is modified with an aim to improve its strength at high temperature, while retaining reasonable toughness at room temperature. Two new alloys with simple BCC structure, HfMoTaTiZr and HfMoNbTaTiZr, were designed and synthesized. The results show that the yield strengths of the new alloys are apparently higher than that of HfNbTaTiZr. Moreover, a fracture strain of 12% is successfully retained in the HfMoNbTaTiZr alloy at room temperature.
•Both HfMoTaTiZr and HfMoNbTaTiZr alloys have simple BCC structure.•The elevated temperature properties and microstructure evolution of both alloys are investigated.•HfMoNbTaTiZr has better combination of strength and plasticity than HfMoTaTiZr.•The yield strength of HfMoNbTaTiZr is six times that of HfNbTaTiZr at 1200 °C.•HfMoTaTiZr and HfMoNbTaTiZr have great potential in high-temperature applications.
We report on a 70-year-old man with fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, malaise, dyspnea, and consciousness disturbance who was infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome ...virus in northern Taiwan, 2019. This autochthonous case was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR, virus isolation, and genomic sequencing.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Stereocontrolled chemical glycosylation remains a major challenge despite vast efforts reported over many decades and so far still mainly relies on trial and error. Now it is shown that the relative ...reactivity value (RRV) of thioglycosides is an indicator for revealing stereoselectivities according to four types of acceptors. Mechanistic studies show that the reaction is dominated by two distinct intermediates: glycosyl triflates and glycosyl halides from N‐halosuccinimide (NXS)/TfOH. The formation of glycosyl halide is highly correlated with the production of α‐glycoside. These findings enable glycosylation reactions to be foreseen by using RRVs as an α/β‐selectivity indicator and guidelines and rules to be developed for stereocontrolled glycosylation.
Selectivity rev‐counter: The relative reactivity value (RRV) of thioglycosides is an indicator for revealing stereoselectivities for chemical glycosylation.
IRAK family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases Su, Lin-Chong; Xu, Wang-Dong; Huang, An-Fang
Autoimmunity reviews,
March 2020, 2020-Mar, 2020-03-00, Letnik:
19, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Innate immune signaling plays an important role in inflammation, and dysregulation of signaling components within this pathway has been focused as a critical mediator in initiation, progression of ...inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most upstream pattern recognition receptors in the immune cells, detecting pathogen associated molecular patterns, initiating signal transduction, by which interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family mediates activating signal from TLRs and interleukin-1 receptor. The family comprises of four members, IRAK1, IRAK2, IRAK-M, IRAK4. The family members have a role in either positive or negative regulation of innate immunity, adaptive immunity and inflammation. Accumulated evidence proves that IRAK performs significantly in the pathogenesis of inflammatory autoimmune disorders. On the one hand, both patients and animal modes reported abnormal expression of the family members. On the other hand, functional study in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that the members are implicated in the development of the diseases. Interestingly, IRAK inhibition has potential therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on the family, review the physiological roles in different immune cells, and summarize emerging data for highlighting the importance of them in inflammatory autoimmunity.
•IRAK family regulates immune cells differentiation, function.•Immune cells play important roles in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.•IRAK family performs significantly in the disorders by these cells.
AIM To investigate whether patients with refractory epilepsy and healthy infants differ in gut microbiota(GM),and how ketogenic diet(KD) alters GM.METHODS A total of 14 epileptic and 30 healthy ...infants were recruited and seizure frequencies were recorded. Stool samples were collected for 16 S r DNA sequencing using the Illumina Miseq platform. The composition of GM in each sample was analyzed with MOTHUR,and intergroup comparison was conducted by R software.RESULTS After being on KD treatment for a week,64% of epileptic infants showed an obvious improvement,with a 50% decrease in seizure frequency. GM structure in epileptic infants(P1 group) differed dramatically from that in healthy infants(Health group). Proteobacteria,which had accumulated significantly in the P1 group,decreased dramatically after KD treatment(P2 group). Cronobacter predominated in the P1 group and remained at a low level both in the Health and P2 groups. Bacteroides increased significantly in the P2 group,in which Prevotella and Bifidobacterium also grew in numbers and kept increasing.CONCLUSION GM pattern in healthy infants differed dramatically from that of the epileptic group. KD could significantly modify symptoms of epilepsy and reshape the GM of epileptic infants.
A total of 1,596 laboratory-confirmed imported dengue cases were identified in Taiwan during 2011-2016. Most of the imported cases arrived from Southeast Asia as well as the Indian subcontinent, the ...Pacific region, Latin America, Australia and Africa. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete envelope protein gene sequences from 784 imported dengue virus (DENV) isolates were conducted, and the results suggest that the DENV-1 genotype I and DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype comprise the predominant serotype/genotype of DENV strains circulating in Southeast Asia. The DENV-1 genotype III, DENV-3 genotype III and DENV-4 genotype I and II strains were found to be newly emerging in several Southeast Asian countries. Our results also showed that geographical restrictions of DENV-1 genotype I, DENV-1 genotype III and DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype are becoming blurred, indicating the extensive introductions and continuous expansions of DENV strains between nations in Southeast Asia. In this study, we present the geographic distribution and dynamic transmission of DENV strains circulating in Southeast Asian countries. In addition, we demonstrated local dengue epidemics caused by several imported DENV strains in Taiwan during 2011-2016.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background The association between sarcopenia and postoperative outcomes has been well reported. However, the impact of different sarcopenia stages on postoperative outcomes has never been ...investigated. Methods We conducted a large, prospective study of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from August 2014 to December 2015. Sarcopenia was staged as “presarcopenia,” “sarcopenia,” and “severe sarcopenia” according to the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluating the risk factors for total, surgical, and medical complications were performed. Results A total of 470 patients were included, in which 20.6%, 10%, and 6.8% of the patients were identified as having “presarcopenia,” “sarcopenia,” and “severe sarcopenia,” respectively. Postoperative complications, duration of hospital stays, and costs increased with advancing sarcopenia stages. Severe sarcopenia, visceral fat area to total abdominal muscle area ratio, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III, and tumor located at the cardia were independent risk factors for total complications. Visceral fat area to total abdominal muscle area ratio and tumor located at the cardia were independent risk factors for operative complications. Presarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia were all identified as independent risk factors for medical complications, as well as age ≥75 years and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Conclusion Patients had worse postoperative outcomes after gastric cancer operation with advancing sarcopenia stages. Severe sarcopenia, but not presarcopenia or sarcopenia, was an independent risk factor for total postoperative complications. The 3 sarcopenia stages independently influence medical but not surgical complications. Recognizing sarcopenia stages is important for preoperative risk stratification.
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