The atmospheric scattering and absorption gives rise to the natural phenomenon of haze, which severely affects the visibility of scenery. Thus, the image taken by the camera can easily lead to over ...brightness and ambiguity. To resolve an ill-posed and intractable problem of single image dehazing, we propose a straightforward but remarkable prior-atmospheric illumination prior in this paper. The extensive statistical experiments for different colorspaces and theoretical analyses indicate that the atmospheric illumination in hazy weather mainly has a great influence on the luminance channel in YCrCb colorspace, and has less impact on the chrominance channels. According to this prior, we try to maintain the intrinsic color of hazy scene and enhance its visual contrast. To this end, we apply the multiscale convolutional networks that can automatically identify hazy regions and restore deficient texture information. Compared with previous methods, the deep CNNs not only achieve an end-to-end trainable model, but also accomplish an easy image-to-image system architecture. The extensive comparisons and analyses with existing approaches demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance on several dehazing effects.
The word “craftsmanship” appeared for the first time in the 2016 Chinese government work report, bringing it back to the public eye. In the Industry 4.0 era, China has accelerated the transformation ...from manufacturing power to manufacturing energy, and various parties in the society have higher and higher requirements for talent. The “craftsmanship” fits the content of patriotism and professionalism in the core socialist values and the new concept of contemporary China’s development. Therefore, the cultivation of craftsmanship should be vigorously advocated in society, and a new path of cultivating craftsmanship should be explored. This paper analyzes the factors influencing the cultivation of craftsmanship through a logistic regression model based on a large number of vivid cases, and the research on the cultivation path around the cultivation status of “craftsmanship” can more vividly explain the essence of craftsmanship to people; it proposes to use the multiple logistic regression correlation in statistics to estimate Then, the logistic regression algorithm is applied to the product quality assurance, and the success rate of each node is calculated by analyzing the correlation between various characteristic factors and product quality to obtain the best cultivation path of craftsmanship innovation. This study shows that after one month of craftsmanship training, the product perfection rate of CM employees reached 93%, and the defect rate decreased by 13.6%, reflecting that craftsmanship has dramatically improved the product quality and laid a solid foundation for the long-term development and brand influence of the company.
The emergence of network medicine not only offers more opportunities for better and more complete understanding of the molecular complexities of diseases, but also serves as a promising tool for ...identifying new drug targets and establishing new relationships among diseases that enable drug repositioning. Computational approaches for drug repositioning by integrating information from multiple sources and multiple levels have the potential to provide great insights to the complex relationships among drugs, targets, disease genes and diseases at a system level.
In this article, we have proposed a computational framework based on a heterogeneous network model and applied the approach on drug repositioning by using existing omics data about diseases, drugs and drug targets. The novelty of the framework lies in the fact that the strength between a disease-drug pair is calculated through an iterative algorithm on the heterogeneous graph that also incorporates drug-target information. Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms several recent approaches. Case studies further illustrate its practical usefulness.
http://cbc.case.edu
jingli@cwru.edu
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Lungmachi Formation is widely distributed in Guizhou, Chongqing and the adjacent area. It is important for the study of Silurian biostratigraphy and shale-gas investigation. Based on those ...biostratigraphically well-studied sections from Guiyang to Huayingshan, we reveal the stage-progressive distribution pattern of the Lungmachi black shales. The distribution of the Lungmachi black shales in the studying area can be subdivided into four geographic belts from the south to the north,reflecting the joint effect of regional and global environmental changes. The graptolite depth zonation model was adopted herein to infer the water depth of major graptolite assemblages from the black shales. The changes in the water depth indicate two major stages. The first stage is named the transgressive distribution stage which ranged from the Persculptograptus persculptus Biozone（LM1, upper Hirnantian） to the Coronograptus cyphus Biozone（LM5, upper Rhuddanian）, an interval mostly controlled by global sea-level rise. The second stage, ranging from the Demirastrites triangulatus Biozone（LM6, lower Aeronian） to the Spirograptus guerichi Biozone（LM9, lower Telychian）, is named the regressive shrinking stage, during which the black shales were gradually replaced by mixed-facies or carbonate sediments from the south to the north, representing the effects of the persistent uplifting of the Central Guizhou Oldland.
Liver cancer is among the leading global healthcare issues associated with high morbidity and mortality. Liver cancer consists of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), ...hepatoblastoma (HB), and several other rare tumors. Progression has been witnessed in understanding the interactions between etiological as well as environmental factors and the host in the development of liver cancers. However, the pathogenesis remains poorly understood, hampering the design of rational strategies aiding in preventing liver cancers. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the initiation and progression of HCC, CCA, and HB. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling potentiates a novel avenue for liver cancer treatment, which may benefit from the development of numerous small-molecule inhibitors and biologic agents in this field. In this review, we discuss the interaction between various etiological factors and components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling early in the precancerous lesion and the acquired mechanisms to further enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote robust cancer formation at later stages. Additionally, we shed light on current relevant inhibitors tested in liver cancers and provide future perspectives for preclinical and clinical liver cancer studies.
3D rotation is one of many fundamental manipulations to cells and imperative in a wide range of applications in single cell analysis involving biology, chemistry, physics and medicine. In this ...article, we report a dielectrophoresis-based, on-chip manipulation method that can load and rotate a single cell for 3D cell imaging and multiple biophysical property measurements. To achieve this, we trapped a single cell in constriction and subsequently released it to a rotation chamber formed by four sidewall electrodes and one transparent bottom electrode. In the rotation chamber, rotating electric fields were generated by applying appropriate AC signals to the electrodes for driving the single cell to rotate in 3D under control. The rotation spectrum for in-plane rotation was used to extract the cellular dielectric properties based on a spherical single-shell model, and the stacked images of out-of-plane cell rotation were used to reconstruct the 3D cell morphology to determine its geometric parameters. We have tested the capabilities of our method by rotating four representative mammalian cells including HeLa, C3H10, B lymphocyte, and HepaRG. Using our device, we quantified the area-specific membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity for the four cells, and revealed the subtle difference of geometric parameters (i.e., surface area, volume, and roughness) by 3D cell imaging of cancer cells and normal leukocytes. Combining microfluidics, dielectrophoresis, and microscopic imaging techniques, our electrorotation-on-chip (EOC) technique is a versatile method for manipulating single cells under investigation and measuring their multiple biophysical properties.
Single-cell impedance measurement is a label-free, noninvasive method for characterizing the electrical properties of single cells. At present, though widely used for impedance measurement, electric ...impedance flow cytometry (IFC) and electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used alone for most microfluidic chips. In this paper, we present a microfluidic device combining the IFC and EIS techniques for single-cell electrical property measurement. The device uses hydrodynamic constriction to passively trap single cells and uses coplanar electrodes to obtain the impedance spectrum of the trapped cell via EIS and discrete impedance data points of the passing cells via IFC. Through experiment, we verified the individual functionality of IFC and EIS respectively, by revealing through IFC the impedance magnitude difference and quantifying through EIS the area-specific membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity of the three types of cancer cells. We also demonstrated the complementarity of IFC and EIS, which holds for a wide range of the flow rate. We envision that the strategy of combining IFC and EIS provides a new thought in the efforts to enhancing the efficiency of electrical property measurement for single cells.
Light emission from semiconductors depends not only on the efficiency of carrier injection and recombination but also extraction efficiency. For ultraviolet emission from high band gap materials such ...as ZnO, nanowires have higher extraction efficiencies than thin films, but conventional approaches for creating a p–n diode result in low efficiency. We exploited the noncentral symmetric nature of n-type ZnO nanowire/p-type GaN substrate to create a piezoelectric potential within the nanowire by applying stress. Because of the polarization of ions in a crystal that has noncentral symmetry, a piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) is created in the crystal under stress. The piezopotential acts as a “gate” voltage to tune the charge transport and enhance carrier injection, which is called the piezo-phototronic effect. We propose that band modification traps free carriers at the interface region in a channel created by the local piezoelectric charges. The emission intensity and injection current at a fixed applied voltage have been enhanced by a factor of 17 and 4, respectively, after applying a 0.093% compressive strain and improved conversion efficiency by a factor of 4.25. This huge enhanced performance is suggested arising from an effective increase in the local “biased voltage” as a result of the band modification caused by piezopotential and the trapping of holes at the interface region in a channel created by the local piezoelectric charges near the interface. Our study can be extended from ultraviolet range to visible range for a variety of optoelectronic devices that are important for today’s safe, green, and renewable energy technology.
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