Highlights
Ultralight 3D NiCo compound@MXene nanocomposites that inherited hollow polyhedral skeleton and excellent conductive network were fabricated.
Excellent electromagnetic absorption ...performance was achieved with optimal RLmin value of − 67.22 dB and ultra-wide EAB of 6.72 GHz under the low filler loading.
Electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption property can be distinctly or slightly regulated by adjusting the filler loading and decoration of Ti
3
C
2
T
x
nanoflakes.
The 3D hollow hierarchical architectures tend to be designed for inhibiting stack of MXene flakes to obtain satisfactory lightweight, high-efficient and broadband absorbers. Herein, the hollow NiCo compound@MXene networks were prepared by etching the ZIF 67 template and subsequently anchoring the Ti
3
C
2
T
x
nanosheets through electrostatic self-assembly. The electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption property can be distinctly or slightly regulated by adjusting the filler loading and decoration of Ti
3
C
2
T
x
nanoflakes. Based on the synergistic effects of multi-components and special well-constructed structure, NiCo layered double hydroxides@Ti
3
C
2
T
x
(LDHT-9) absorber remarkably achieves unexpected effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.72 GHz with a thickness of 2.10 mm, covering the entire Ku-band. After calcination, transition metal oxide@Ti
3
C
2
T
x
(TMOT-21) absorber near the percolation threshold possesses minimum reflection loss (RL
min
) value of − 67.22 dB at 1.70 mm within a filler loading of only 5 wt%. This work enlightens a simple strategy for constructing MXene-based composites to achieve high-efficient microwave absorbents with lightweight and tunable EAB.
Absorbers with lightweight, low filler loading and broad absorption band are highly desirable for electromagnetic wave absorption field. Here, hollow Co1–xS microspheres constructed by nanosheets are ...fabricated via a facile synthetic method based on hydrothermal route. As an efficient wave absorber, the Co1–xS hollow spheres demonstrate excellent microwave absorption performance. With a weight content of only 3 wt%, the maximum reflection loss (RL) can reach as strong as −46.1 dB at 13.92 GHz and its qualified frequency bandwidth (with RL value over −10 dB) remarkably achieves 5.6 GHz, covering 35% of the entire measured bandwidth. In addition, compared with other cobalt sulfides (such as CoS2 and Co9S8), the Co1–xS microspheres with hollow structure exhibit more superior absorption intensity and broader qualified bandwidth. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach for the design and synthesis of hollow Co1–xS microspheres with lightweight and high‐performance microwave absorption.
The hollow Co1–xS microspheres with understanding microwave absorption performance are successfully fabricated through a facile hydrothermal route. The RLmax can reach to −46.1 dB at 13.92 GHz with an ultralow filler loading (3 wt%) and the effective frequency bandwidth is up to 5.6 GHz. Moreover, the possible wave absorption mechanism is also depicted comprehensively in this article.
An azobenzene‐functionalized bis‐bis(urea) ligand (Lazo) and phosphate anion assemble to give the first photoactive “aniono” constructs, tetrahedron (A4L6) and helicate (A2L3), which readily undergo ...interconversion through cis‐trans isomerization of the azo group under irradiation/heating. Most strikingly, the tetrahedral cage can accommodate an 18crown‐6 molecule, which can capture two tetramethylammonium (TMA+) ions with an unusually high affinity, even capable of replacing K+ in K(18crown‐6)+ to form a {(TMA)2⊂
(18crown‐6)}⊂
cage “Russian doll” structure. Thus, the current work may provide a model for the light‐driven binding and exchange of the biologically important K+ and TMA+ ions.
Anion‐coordination‐driven assembly from an azobenzene‐functionalized bis‐bis(urea) ligand (Lazo) with phosphate anion affords the first photoactive A4L6‐type tetrahedral cage. The tetrahedral cage can reversibly trap two TMA+ cations and one 18crown‐6 molecule with an unusually high affinity accompanied by the release/capture of K+ ion from K(18crown‐6)+ under irradiation/heating.
A tetrakis(bisurea)‐decorated tetraphenylethene (TPE) ligand (L2) was designed, which, upon coordination with phosphate ions, displays fluorescence “turn‐on” over a wide concentration range, from ...dilute to concentrated solutions and to the solid state. The fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to the restriction of the intramolecular rotation of TPE by anion coordination. The crystal structure of the A4L2 (A=anion) complex of L2 with monohydrogen phosphate provides direct evidence for the coordination mode of the anion. This “anion‐coordination‐induced emission” (ACIE) is another approach for fluorescence turn‐on in addition to aggregation‐induced emission (AIE).
Phosphate ions in a bind: The tetrakis(bisurea)‐decorated tetraphenylethene (TPE) displays fluorescence “turn‐on” over a wide concentration range upon phosphate coordination. The fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to the restriction of the intramolecular rotation of TPE by anion coordination. This “anion‐coordination‐induced emission” (ACIE) is another approach for fluorescence turn‐on.
Dendritic spine development is crucial for the establishment of excitatory synaptic connectivity and functional neural circuits. Alterations in spine morphology and density have been associated with ...multiple neurological disorders. Autism candidate gene disconnected-interacting protein homolog 2 A (DIP2A) is known to be involved in acetylated coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) synthesis and is primarily expressed in the brain regions with abundant pyramidal neurons. However, the role of DIP2A in the brain remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that deletion of Dip2a in mice induced defects in spine morphogenesis along with thin postsynaptic density (PSD), and reduced synaptic transmission of pyramidal neurons. We further identified that DIP2A interacted with cortactin, an activity-dependent spine remodeling protein. The binding activity of DIP2A-PXXP motifs (P, proline; X, any residue) with the cortactin-Src homology 3 (SH3) domain was critical for maintaining the level of acetylated cortactin. Furthermore, Dip2a knockout (KO) mice exhibited autism-like behaviors, including excessive repetitive behaviors and defects in social novelty. Importantly, acetylation mimetic cortactin restored the impaired synaptic transmission and ameliorated repetitive behaviors in these mice. Altogether, our findings establish an initial link between DIP2A gene variations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and highlight the contribution of synaptic protein acetylation to synaptic processing.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•109 ARGs were detected in manure and compost from chicken, bovine and pig farms.•Chicken and pig manure had higher ARG diversity and abundance than bovine manure.•Composting was ...better at reducing ARGs in chicken manure than pig and bovine manure.•There was widespread co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs in animal manure.•MGEs, heavy metal, and total nitrogen may explain differences among various manure.
Aerobic composting is used widely for animal manure recycling, and it may reduce the amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that enter the environment. We sampled three types of animal (bovine, chicken, and pig) manure and the corresponding composts from 12 large-scale farms, and tested multiple ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) by high-throughput qPCR. A total of 109 ARGs were detected in the manure and compost samples, thereby demonstrating that both are important ARG reservoirs. The diversity and abundance of ARGs were significantly higher in chicken and pig manure than bovine manure, but industrial composting was more efficient at reducing the ARGs in chicken manure than pig and bovine manure. Composting universally reduced some ARGs, but inconsistently influenced other ARGs from different types of animal manures. Network analysis detected the widespread co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs. floR, ermF, catB3, aac(6′)-lb(akaaacA4), and aadA were identified as suitable indicator genes for estimating the total abundance of ARGs. Our results suggest that different animal species had significant effects on the diversity, abundance, and persistence of ARGs, where the abundance of transposons, heavy metal concentration, total nitrogen level, and the dosage and duration of exposure to antibiotics may explain these differences.
An anion‐coordination‐based A4L6 (“A” denotes anion and “L” is ligand) tetrahedral cage was constructed by a C2‐symmetric bis‐bis(urea) ligand and phosphate anion, which showed reversible ...interconversion with the A2L3 triple helicate as a response to the template, concentration, or solvent. Notably, an unusual “peripheral” templation was found to be critical to stabilize the tetrahedral structure. This peripheral effect was utilized to assemble an “empty” A4L6 cage that allows the multi‐stimuli‐controlled capture/release of biologically important species such as choline and acetylcholine.
In and out: An unusual peripherally templated A4L6 tetrahedral cage is reported, which can be transformed into an A2L3 helicate in response to different stimuli (template, concentration, or solvent), with accompanying guest capture and release (see picture; A=anion, L=ligand).
Many studies have proven that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the development of depression and it also affects the expression of GLUT4 in the hypothalamus. Xiaoyaosan has been shown to exert ...antidepressant effects in a variety of ways, but its underlying mechanism by which Xiaoyaosan regulates autophagy as well as GLUT4 in the hypothalamus remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we established a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and set up autophagy blockade as a control to explore whether Xiaoyaosan exerts antidepressant effect by affecting autophagy. We examined the effects of Xiaoyaosan on behaviors exhibited during the open field test, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test, and the changes in autophagy in hypothalamic neurons as well as changes in GLUT4 and the related indicators of glucose metabolism in CUMS-induced depressive mouse model. We found that CUMS- and 3-MA-induced mice exhibited depressive-like behavioral changes, with decreased LC3 expression and increased p62 expression, suggesting decreased levels of autophagy in the mouse hypothalamus. The expression of GLUT4 was also decreased, and it was closely related to the level of autophagy through Rab8 and Rab10. Nevertheless, after the intervention of Xiaoyaosan, the above changes were effectively reversed. These results show that Xiaoyaosan can regulate the autophagy in hypothalamic neurons and the expression of GLUT4 in depressed mice.
"Daqu" is a saccharifying and fermenting agent commonly used in the traditional solid-state fermentation industry (e.g., baijiu and vinegar). The patterns of microbial community succession and flavor ...formation are highly similar among batches, yet the mechanisms promoting temporal succession in the Daqu microbial ecology remain unclear. Here, we first correlated temporal profiles of microbial community succession with environmental variables (temperature, moisture, and titratable acidity) in medium temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu) throughout fermentation. Temperature dynamics significantly correlated (
< 0.05) with the quick succession of MT-Daqu microbiota in the first 12 d of fermentation, while the community structure was relatively stable after 12 d. Then, we explored the effect of temperature on the MT-Daqu community assembly. In the first 4 d of fermentation, the rapid propagation of most bacterial taxa and several fungal taxa, including
,
, and unclassified
and
species, significantly increased MT-Daqu temperature to 55°C. Subsequently, sustained bio-heat generated by microbial metabolism (53 to 56°C) within MT-Daqu inhibited the growth of most microbes from day 4 to day 12, while thermotolerant taxa, including
, unclassified
,
,
,
, and
survived or kept on growing. Furthermore, temperature as a major driving force on the shaping of MT-Daqu microbiota was validated. Lowering the fermentation temperature by placing the MT-Daqu in a 37°C incubator resulted in decreased relative abundances of thermotolerant taxa, including
,
, and
, in the MT-Daqu microbiota. This study revealed that bio-heat functioned as a primary endogenous driver promoting the formation of functional MT-Daqu microbiota.
Humans have mastered the Daqu preparation technique of cultivating functional microbiota on starchy grains over thousands of years, and it is well known that the metabolic activity of these microbes is key to the flavor production of Chinese baijiu. The pattern of microbial community succession and flavor formation remains highly similar between batches, yet mechanistic insight into these patterns and into microbial population fidelity to specific environmental conditions remains unclear. Our study revealed that bio-heat was generated within Daqu bricks in the first 4 d of fermentation, concomitant with rapid microbial propagation and metabolism. The sustained bio-heat may then function as a major endogenous driving force promoting the formation of the MT-Daqu microbiota from day 4 to day 12. The bio-heat-driven growth of thermotolerant microorganisms might contribute to the formation of flavor metabolites. This study provides useful information for the temperature-based modulation of microbiota function during the fermentation of Daqu.
ABSTRACT
Phosphate‐solubilizing microbes (PSMs) drive the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus (P) and hold promise for sustainable agriculture. However, their global distribution, overall diversity ...and application potential remain unknown. Here, we present the first synthesis of their biogeography, diversity and utility, employing data from 399 papers published between 1981 and 2017, the results of a nationwide field survey in China consisting of 367 soil samples, and a genetic analysis of 12986 genome‐sequenced prokaryotic strains. We show that at continental to global scales, the population density of PSMs in environmental samples is correlated with total P rather than pH. Remarkably, positive relationships exist between the population density of soil PSMs and available P, nitrate‐nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in soil, reflecting functional couplings between PSMs and microbes driving biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon. More than 2704 strains affiliated with at least nine archaeal, 88 fungal and 336 bacterial species were reported as PSMs. Only 2.59% of these strains have been tested for their efficiencies in improving crop growth or yield under field conditions, providing evidence that PSMs are more likely to exert positive effects on wheat growing in alkaline P‐deficient soils. Our systematic genetic analysis reveals five promising PSM genera deserving much more attention.
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