A novel topology of three-phase hybrid converter (TP-HC) which can supply simultaneously both DC and AC loads is presented. This topology is obtained by adding three switches to T-type three-level ...inverter. Consequently, this converter can achieve one group of DC/DC power transformation and another three-phase three-level AC voltage outputs with adjustable amplitude. The topology and operation modes of the proposed hybrid converter are introduced. Then the working principle and the available switching states of converter are analyzed, including current path, output phase voltage level and blocking voltage of different switching states. The characteristics of three typical hybrid converters are compared. A strategy combining time-sharing modulation and virtual space vector modulation (VSVPWM) is adopted to realize simultaneous DC and AC outputs of the converter. Then the capacitance voltage balance of the DC link is realized. In order to simplify the modulation strategy, a carrier based on pulse width modulation (CBPWM)strategy is proposed. Then, boost ratio of this converter is analyzed in detail. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed topology and the effectiveness of modulation strategy are verified by simulation and experiment.
Objective
Chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) significantly impacts clinical outcomes and diminishes the quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. This study aims to prospectively ...determine the incidence, severity, and underlying risk factors associated with CIM in this patient population.
Methods
To achieve this objective, we introduce a novel Machine Learning-based Toxicity Prediction Model (ML-TPM) designed to analyze the risk factors contributing to CIM development in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Within the winter season spanning from December 15th, 2018 to January 14th, 2019, we conducted in-person interviews with patients undergoing chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer. These interviews encompassed comprehensive questionnaires pertaining to patient demographics, CIM incidence, severity, and any supplementary prophylactic measures employed.
Results
The study encompassed a cohort of 447 participating patients who provided complete questionnaire responses (100%). Of these, 328 patients (73.4%) reported experiencing CIM during the course of their treatment. Notably, CIM-induced complications led to treatment discontinuation in 14 patients (3%). The most frequently encountered CIM symptoms were diarrhea (41.6%), followed by nausea (37.8%), vomiting (25.1%), abdominal pain (21%), gastritis (10.5%), and oral pain (10.3%). Supplementary prophylaxis was administered to approximately 62% of the patients. The analysis revealed significant correlations between the overall incidence of CIM and gender (
p
=0.015), number of chemotherapy cycles exceeding one (
p
=0.039), utilization of platinum-based regimens (p=0.039), and administration of irinotecan (
p
=0.003). Specifically, the incidence of diarrhea exhibited positive correlations with prior surgical history (
p
=0.037), irinotecan treatment (
p
=0.021), and probiotics usage (
p
=0.035). Conversely, diarrhea incidence demonstrated an adverse correlation with platinum-based treatment (
p
=0.026).
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study demonstrates the successful implementation of the ML-TPM model for automating toxicity prediction with accuracy comparable to conventional physical analyses. Our findings provide valuable insights into the identification of CIM risk factors among gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Furthermore, the results underscore the potential of machine learning in enhancing our understanding of chemotherapy-induced mucositis and advancing personalized patient care strategies.
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•M single atom (M = Fe, Co, Ni) anchored on Ru nanoclusters were prepared to form M1Ru SAA.•Co1Ru SAA shows the highest NH3 synthesis rate and TOFRu value.•Compared with Co-Ru ...nanoparticle alloy, Co1Ru SAA exhibits lower work function and up-shift d band center.•SAA structure effectively tune N2 activation pathway.
The desire of green ammonia (NH3) production requires efficient catalysts that could operate at mild conditions. However, the activity of catalysts is restricted by scaling relation that low activation energy of N2 is in conjunction with the over-strong affinity of intermediates, which blocks adsorption sites of catalyst and hinders NH3 production. Single atom alloy (SAA) is an efficient approach to circumvent this relation. In the present work, we offer a feasible strategy of preparing M1Ru (M = Fe, Co, Ni) SAA. Our studies show that Co1Ru SAA has the highest NH3 synthesis rate and the largest TOFRu value among M1Ru SAA. Compared with CoRu nanoparticle alloy (NPA), Co1Ru SAA has stronger electronic interaction between Co and Ru, which induces lower work function and up-shift d band center toward Fermi level for Co1Ru SAA, thus promoting N2 activation. Meanwhile, the unique SAA structure could effectively tune N2 activation pathway. Those findings make a contribution to the development of advanced catalysts for efficient NH3 synthesis at mild conditions.
Dinitrogen activation in ammonia (NH3) synthesis usually obeys either the dissociative or associative route. We report here a combination of dissociative and associative routes over a titanium ...carbonitride (TiCN)-promoted Ru-based catalyst to achieve an outstanding NH3 synthesis rate. The developed Ru/3TiCN/ZrH2 catalyst shows a superior NH3 synthesis rate of 25.6 mmol gcat –1 h–1 at 400 °C and 1 MPa. Our studies reveal that TiCN transfers electrons to the Ru centers and reduces the aggregation of Ru metal particles to generate more B5 sites, thus accelerating the dissociation of N2 to form NH3 via a dissociative route. Meanwhile, the facile formation of nitrogen vacancies on TiCN assisted by Ru enables the associative mechanism initiated with N2 hydrogenation to form *NNH. The synergistic effect of Ru and TiCN on N2 activation via integrating the dissociative and associative mechanisms accounts for the superior NH3 synthesis rate of our catalyst under mild conditions.
Ammonia synthesis is structure sensitive, and a minute change in the catalyst structure would cause a dramatic change in activity. To date, none of the studies reveal the metal size effect at a ...subnanometer scale on NH3 synthesis, and such investigation remains a challenge. Here, we report the synthesis of Ru catalysts with sizes ranging from single atoms, atomic clusters (ACCs), sub-nanometric clusters, to nanoparticles (NPs) by adjusting precursor and/or loading of Ru. Sub-nanometric Ru catalysts not only exhibit performance different from that of NPs but also follow a different route for N2 activation. The strong intra-cluster interaction of Ru atomic clusters enables the formation of strong interactions of Ru d-orbitals with the σ and π orbitals of N2 molecules, resulting in N2 activation over Ru ACCs to occur more easily than that over Ru NPs. Consequently, Ru ACCs display an unprecedentedly high NH3 synthesis rate and large turnover frequency at mild conditions.
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•Ru size effect at a subnanometer scale on NH3 synthesis was studied•NH3 synthesis rate varies with the Ru size decreasing to sub-nanometric level•Ru atomic clusters could effectively tune the N2 activation pathway
Ammonia synthesis is a structure-sensitive reaction, and its activity depends on the metal size. With the fast development of subnanometer catalysis, it is of great importance to investigate the metal size effect at a subnanometer scale on NH3 synthesis. Hence, we report multiscale Ru catalysts on NH3 synthesis with sizes ranging from single atoms, atomic clusters, sub-nanometric clusters, to nanoparticles. Our studies show that as the size of Ru entities decreases to sub-nanometric level, B5 and/or terrace sites decrease, which leads to a change of N2 activation route. The strong intra-cluster interaction in Ru atomic clusters catalyst induces strong interaction of Ru d-orbitals with the σ and π orbitals of N2 molecules, which results in N2 activation over Ru atomic clusters to occur much more easily than that over Ru nanoparticles. The findings have significant implications for the design of structure-sensitive catalysts for NH3 synthesis under mild conditions.
A series of Ru catalysts were prepared with Ru sizes ranging from single atoms, atomic clusters, sub-nanometric clusters, to nanoparticles. Among them, the sub-nanometric Ru catalysts not only exhibit performance different from that of Ru nanoparticles but also follow a different route for N2 conversion to NH3.
In this contribution, a very simple and reliable strategy based on the easy modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by pre-electrolyzing GCE in ammonium carbamate aqueous solution was ...employed for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). Compared with bare GCE, the incorporation of nitrogen into the GCE surface structure improved the electrocatalytic properties of GCE towards the electro-oxidation of HQ and CC. The nitrogen-introduced GCE (N-GCE) was evaluated for the simultaneous detection of HQ and CC and the linear ranges for HQ and CC were both from 5 to 260 μM. Their detection limits were both evaluated to be 0.2 μM (S/N = 3). The present method was applied for the determination of HQ and CC in real river water samples with recoveries of 95.0-102.1%. In addition, a possible detection mechanism of HQ and CC was discussed.
A series of x wt% Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 (x = 0, 0.3 and 1.0) and 1.0 wt% Pt/K/Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized. The effects of the addition of LaCoO3 perovskite in x wt% Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 on NOx storage ...and reduction (NSR) performances were studied. 1.0 wt% Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 exhibits higher NOx storage capacity and reduction efficiency in NSR than 1.0 wt% Pt/K/Al2O3. Interestingly, when the Pt content is lowered from 1.0 to 0.3 wt%, 0.3 wt% Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 still shows a higher NOx storage capacity than 1.0 wt% Pt/K/Al2O3 and comparable reduction properties. Moreover, 0.3 wt% Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 possesses higher resistance to SO2 poisoning and better regenerability than 1.0 wt% Pt/K/Al2O3. In situ DRIFTS analysis shows that NOx storage in 0.3 wt% Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 is mainly via the nitrate route with small amount of nitrites to nitrates conversion below 200 degree C, while NOx storage at higher temperature mainly proceeds via the nitrate route.
Background:
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in the progression of human cancers. Herein, bioinformatic analysis identified that LINC00942 was a highly ...overexpressed lncRNA in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The present study aimed to explore the roles and possible molecular mechanisms of LINC00942 in LUAD.
Methods:
First, on the basis of TCGA database, the expression and prognosis of LINC00942 were analyzed in LUAD tissues. Then, si-LINC00942 was transfected into A549 and H1299 cells to knockdown the expression of LINC00942. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis. The expressions of PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, and wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins were detected by western blotting. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the regulatory relationship between LINC00942 and miR-5006-5p, or miR-5006-5p and FZD1.
Results:
We discovered that LINC00942 was up-regulated in LUAD tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Besides, we found the increased LINC00942 expression was associated with poor survival. In addition, silencing of LINC00942 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and facilitated the apoptosis of A549 and H1299 cells. Moreover, silencing of LINC00942 repressed the expression of PCNA, Bcl-2, and enhanced Bax expression in A549 and H1299 cells. Mechanically, LINC00942 exerted its effects via enhancing Wnt signaling. LINC00942 functioned as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding to miR-5006-5p, upregulating the expression of FZD1, which was a direct target of miR-5006-5p.
Conclusion:
Our findings indicated that LINC00942/miR-5006-5p/FZD1 axis played important roles in LUAD growth through enhancing Wnt signaling. LINC00942/miR-5006-5p/FZD1 axis might serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAD treatment.
With the rapid development of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation, the phenomenon of wind and solar abandoning becomes more and more serious in the operation of power systems, and ...the microgrid is a new operating mode of power systems which provides a new consumption mode for wind power generation. With the increasingly close connection among energy resources and people’s increasing awareness of environmental protection, this paper establishes a microgrid optimal scheduling model with a combined heat and power system, in consideration of environmental costs. This model aims at the lowest comprehensive cost, at the same time taking into account the emission reductions of SO2 and NOx, considering the cost of power generated by the micro-generator, environmental cost, the related cost of battery, operation and maintenance cost of wind power, and photovoltaic power generation. The related constraints of thermal balance and power balance are also considered during microgrid system operation. The established model is solved with an improved particle swarm algorithm. At last, taking a microgrid system as an example, the validity and reliability of the proposed model are verified.
Plants can obtain superinduction of defense against unpredictable challenges based on prior acclimation, but the mechanisms involved in the acclimation memory are little known. The objective of this ...study was to characterize mechanisms of heat acclimation memory in
Rhododendron hainanense
, a thermotolerant wild species of azalea. Pretreatment of a 2-d recovery (25/18°C, day/night) after heat acclimation (37°C, 1 h) (AR-pt) did not weaken but enhanced acquired thermotolerance in
R. hainanense
with less damaged phenotype, net photosynthetic rate, and membrane stability than non-acclimation pretreated (NA-pt) plants. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed that a lot of heat-responsive genes still maintained high protein abundance rather than transcript level after the 2-d recovery. Photosynthesis-related genes were highly enriched and most decreased under heat stress (HS: 42°C, 1 h) with a less degree in AR-pt plants compared to NA-pt. Sustainably accumulated chloroplast-localized heat shock proteins (HSPs), Rubisco activase 1 (RCA1), beta-subunit of chaperonin-60 (CPN60β), and plastid transcriptionally active chromosome 5 (pTAC5) in the recovery period probably provided equipped protection of AR-pt plants against the subsequent HS, with less damaged photochemical efficiency and chloroplast structure. In addition, significant higher levels of RCA1 transcripts in AR-pt compared to NA-pt plants in early stage of HS showed a more important role of RCA1 than other chaperonins in heat acclimation memory. The novel heat-induced RCA1, rather than constitutively expressed RCA2 and RCA3, showed excellent thermostability after long-term HS (LHS: 42/35°C, 7 d) and maintained balanced Rubisco activation state in photosynthetic acclimation. This study provides new insights into plant heat acclimation memory and indicates candidate genes for genetic modification and molecular breeding in thermotolerance improvement.
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