Three azido-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers (ATPEGs) were synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) and characterized. The extended polytriazole (EPTA) resins were prepared from ...the macromonomers, azide and alkyne monomers. Toughening effect of PEGs on polytriazole resins was analyzed by means of mechanical, thermal and electronic microscope characterization. The results show that molecular weight and content of ATPEGs have great influence on the thermal and mechanical properties of cured EPTA resins. The impact strength of cured EPTA resins increases with the increase of the amount and molecular weight of ATPEGs. The flexural strength and heat resistance of cured EPTA resins decrease with the increase of addition amount and molecular weight of ATPEGs. High impact EPTA resins were obtained.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The industrial synthesis of ammonia (NH3) using Fe-based derived catalysts requires harsh reaction conditions (400–600 °C, 20–40 MPa). It is desirable to develop catalysts that perform well at low ...temperature and pressure (<400 °C, <2 MPa). The main challenge of low-temperature NH3 synthesis is the dissociation of the extremely stable NN triple bond (945 kJ/mol). Herein, the N-doped C-supported Co catalyst was demonstrated to be active and efficient for NH3 synthesis under mild conditions, resulting from the hybridization of the d orbitals of Co with p orbitals of nitrogen for Co–N coordination. The doping of N has three relevant effects. The first is the size decrease in Co nanoparticles. It is proven by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analyses coupled with density functional theory calculation that there is strong electron transfer from the doped N to Co. Hence, the second effect of N doping is the increase in electronic state of Co d orbitals which promotes the donation of 3d electrons from Co to the π* orbital of N2, leading to a decrease in activation energy for the N2 molecule. The third is the involvement of nitrogen vacancies. The pyridine N weakly coordinated with highly dispersed Co reacts with adsorbed H2 to form NH3, simultaneously generating N vacancies; then, the consumed N species can be replenished via N2 adsorption on vacancy sites. These factors contribute to the superiority of the N-doped carbon-supported Co-based catalyst, which achieves an NH3 production rate of 1.59 mmolNH3 ·gcat –1·h–1 at even 250 °C and 1 MPa.
Variations in TOR1A were thought to be associated with early-onset isolated dystonia. The variant S287Y (NM_000113.2: c.860C > A, p. Ser287Tyr, rs766483672) was found in our late-onset isolated ...dystonia patient. This missense variant is adjacent to R288Q (c.863G > A, p. Arg288Gln), which was reported to be associated with isolated dystonia. The potentially pathogenic role of S287Y is not conclusively known.
Cytological and molecular biological analyses were performed in vitro to determine whether this variant damages the structure and function of the cell.
Compared with the SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing wild-type TOR1A, the cells overexpressing the protein with S287Y have an enlarged peri-nuclear space. The same changes in nuclear morphology were also found in the cells overexpressing the pathogenic variants ΔE (NM_000113.2:c.904_906delGAG, p. Glu302del), F205I (NM_000113.2:c.613 T > A, p. Phe205Ile), and R288Q (NM_000113.2:c.863G > A, p. Arg288Gln). Mutated proteins with S287Y presented a higher tendency to form dimers under reducing conditions. The same tendencies were observed in other mutated proteins but not in wild-type torsinA.
TorsinA with S287Y damages the structure of the cell nucleus and may be a novel pathogenic mutation that causes isolated dystonia.
•Found a variant S287Y late-onset isolated dystonia patient.•In vitro, the trosinA with S287Y presented a higher tendency to form dimer.•The cells overexpressing trosinA S287Y have an enlarged peri-nuclear space.•The may be a likely pathogenic mutation that causes isolated dystonia.
As a representative form of new energy generation, wind power has effectively alleviated environmental pollution and energy shortages. This paper constructs a green economic indicator to measure the ...degree of coordinated development of environmental and social benefits. To increase the amount of wind power consumption, an economic dispatch model based on the coordinated operation of cogeneration units and electric boilers was established; we also introduced the green certificate transaction cost, which effectively meets the strategic needs of China’s energy low-carbon transformation top-level system design. Wind power output has instability and volatility, so it puts higher requirements on the stable operation of thermal power units. To solve the stability problem, this paper introduces the output index of the thermal power unit and rationally plans the unit combination strategy, as well as introducing the concept of chance-constrained programming due to the uncertainty of load and wind power in the model. Uncertainty factors are transformed into load forecasting errors and wind power prediction errors for processing. Based on the normal distribution theory, the uncertainty model is transformed into a certain equivalence class model, and the improved disturbance mutated particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed model are verified based on the IEEE30 node system.
Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman scattering (EC-SERS) spectroscopy is an ultrasensitive spectro-electrochemistry technique that provides mechanistic and dynamic information on electrochemical ...interfaces at the molecular level. However, the plasmon-mediated photocatalysis hinders the intrinsic electrochemical behavior of molecules at electrochemical interfaces. This work aimed to develop a facile method for constructing a reliable EC-SERS substrate that can be used to study the molecular dynamics at electrochemical interfaces. Herein, a novel Ag-WO3−x electrochromic heterostructure was synthesized for EC-SERS. Especially, the use of electrochromic WO3−x film suppresses the influence of hot-electrons-induced catalysis while offering a reliable SERS effect. Based on this finding, the real electrochemical behavior of p-aminothiophenol (PATP) on Ag nanoparticles (NPs) surface was revealed for the first time. We are confident that metal-semiconductor electrochromic heterostructures could be developed into reliable substrates for EC-SERS analysis. Furthermore, the results obtained in this work provide new insights not only into the chemical mechanism of SERS, but also into the hot-electron transfer mechanism in metal-semiconductor heterostructures.
In order to eliminate narrow pulses completely, this paper presents a novel carrier-based pulse width modulation (CBPWM) strategy applying to high-frequency link matrix converter (HFL-MC). Following ...the De-Re-couple idea, a single-phase to three-phase MC is equivalent to two full-bridge inverters according to the polarity of input voltage. The voltage of switches in two full-bridge inverters is analyzed and derived the duty cycles of switches according to the relationship between the state and the voltage of the switch. The duty cycles of three phases in the two inverters are integrated into a unified expression to generate the final modulation waves. A dual modulation strategy is proposed to compare modulation waves and a triangular carrier, which can achieve almost constant duty cycle of gating signals regardless of output voltage change. Therefore, the narrow pulses are eliminated fundamentally. Finally, the experimental results are given to show the advantages and the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy.
Background/Aims: Alcohol abuse exerts deleterious effects on the internal organs of the body, and alcohol-related gastritis is a common disease for which prompt treatment is essential to prevent the ...condition from growing worse. However, the therapeutic methods have some adverse effects. Determining the pathogenic mechanisms of alcoholic gastritis is therefore essential. Methods: The MTT assay was developed in order to determine the optimal concentration of alcohol needed to treat gastric mucosal cells. The effects of alcohol on the gastric mucosal cells were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The release of IL-1β and IL-18 were determined by ELISA assay. The immunofluorescence assay was used to detect caspase-1 activation levels, while immunohistochemical assay and HE staining were performed to identify the effectiveness of the caspase-1 inhibitor on alcoholic gastritis. The TUNEL assay was used to determine DNA fragmentation. Results: Here, we clarified that ethanol treatment could cause cell DNA damage, activate caspase-1, and promote the generation and release of IL-1β and IL-18. In other words, ethanol could induce pyroptosis. Interestingly, a caspase-1 inhibitor could significantly suppress pyroptosis, decrease the release of inflammatory cytokines induced by ethanol, and cause no side effects in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Collectively, our results showed that pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced gastritis and that caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-yvad-cmk could effectively decrease the damage caused by alcohol, making it a potentially promising agent for the treatment of alcoholic gastritis.
With the increasing expansion of wind power, its impact on economic dispatch of power systems cannot be ignored. Adding a heat storage device to a traditional cogeneration unit can break the ...thermoelectric coupling constraint of the cogeneration unit and meet the economic and stable operation of a power system. In this paper, an economy-environment coordinated scheduling model with the lowest economic cost and the lowest pollutant emissions is constructed. Economic costs include the cost of conventional thermal power generating units, the operating cost of cogeneration units, and the operating cost of wind power. At the same time, green certificate costs are introduced into the economic costs to improve the absorption of wind power. Pollutant emissions include SO2 and NOx emissions from conventional thermal power units and cogeneration units. The randomness and uncertainty of wind power output are fully considered, and the prediction error of wind power is fuzzy treated according to the fuzzy random theory, and the electric power balance and spinning reserve fuzzy opportunity conditions are established, which are converted into the explicit equivalent. The improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) was used to solve the model. With this method, the validity of the model is verified by taking a system with 10 machines as an example.
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