•The attention mechanism (AM) is introduced for load forecasting model.•The rolling update (RU) is adopted to improve the accuracy of forecasting model.•The bi-directional long short-term memory ...(Bi-LSTM) neural network is applied for load forecasting.•The adaptive optimization algorithm root mean square prop (RMSprop) with rapid convergence is used to train model parameters. A Dropout technique is applied so as to prevent over-fitting training.
Short-term load forecasting (STLF) plays an important role in the planning and operation of power systems. However, with the wide use of distributed generations (DGs) and smart devices in smart grid environment, it brings new requirements on the accuracy, quickness and intelligence of STLF. To address this problem, a novel short-term load forecasting method based on attention mechanism (AM), rolling update (RU) and bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network is proposed. Firstly, RU is utilized to update the data in real time, making the input data of the model more effective. Secondly, influence weights are assigned through AM to highlight the effective characteristics of the input variables. Thirdly, a Bi-LSTM is used for model training, and the predicted load values are obtained through the linear transformation layer and softmax layer. Finally, the actual data sets from the New South Wales (NSW) and the Victoria (VIC) in Australia are employed to verify the validity of the method. The results show that the introduction of AM and RU into forecasting model can improve the prediction accuracy. Compared with traditional Bi-LSTM model, both the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) of Bi-LSTM model with AM and RU have declined in the load forecasting for the two data sets. And it proves that the proposed method has higher accuracy, less computation time and better generalization ability.
Transparent, conductive, and ultrathin graphene films, as an alternative to the ubiquitously employed metal oxides window electrodes for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, are demonstrated. ...These graphene films are fabricated from exfoliated graphite oxide, followed by thermal reduction. The obtained films exhibit a high conductivity of 550 S/cm and a transparency of more than 70% over 1000−3000 nm. Furthermore, they show high chemical and thermal stabilities as well as an ultrasmooth surface with tunable wettability.
In this review, a comprehensive summary of supramolecular transformations within discrete coordination-driven supramolecular architectures, including helices, metallacycles, metallacages,
etc.
, is ...presented. Recent investigations have demonstrated that coordination-driven self-assembled architectures provide an ideal platform to study supramolecular transformations mainly due to the relatively rigid yet dynamic nature of the coordination bonds. Various stimuli have been extensively employed to trigger the transformation processes of metallosupramolecular architectures, such as solvents, concentration, anions, guests, change in component fractions or chemical compositions, light, and post-modification reactions, which allowed for the formation of new structures with specific properties and functions. Thus, it is believed that supramolecular transformations could serve as another highly efficient approach for generating diverse metallosupramolecular architectures. Classified by the aforementioned various stimuli used to induce the interconversion processes, the emphasis in this review will be on the transformation conditions, structural changes, mechanisms, and the output of specific properties and functions upon induction of structural transformations.
In this review, a comprehensive summary of supramolecular transformations within discrete coordination-driven supramolecular architectures, including helices, metallacycles, metallacages,
etc.
, is presented.
This work utilizes the transit network, which aims to combine the genetic algorithm for analyzing the theory and traffic scheduling based on the traditional methodology. The dynamic methodology is ...used to schedule the model of transit system, which aims to optimize the demand in the transit network. This model illustrates the methodology of the genetic based transit network (GATN) algorithm to enhance the primary challenges in the transit network. The proposed methodology provides to be significant, with minimizing the objective model of around 27.2%. The model significantly managed to lower the total routes available in the transit network and all travelers related to the time and the transit trip from the initial stage. The significant system obtained using the optimization methodology has 180 routes, 110 less than the initial network, which has a variation by different transit network. This final transmission has been minimized to 33.6% by the proposed methodology in the transit network length and 4.1% reduction in the transfer average. The transition obtained from the multi-level objective function to unique optimization that considers the weighted function proved to be effective.
Abstract
Intrinsically and fully stretchable active-matrix-driven displays are an important element to skin electronics that can be applied to many emerging fields, such as wearable electronics, ...consumer electronics and biomedical devices. Here, we show for the first time a fully stretchable active-matrix-driven organic light-emitting electrochemical cell array. Briefly, it is comprised of a stretchable light-emitting electrochemical cell array driven by a solution-processed, vertically integrated stretchable organic thin-film transistor active-matrix, which is enabled by the development of chemically-orthogonal and intrinsically stretchable dielectric materials. Our resulting active-matrix-driven organic light-emitting electrochemical cell array can be readily bent, twisted and stretched without affecting its device performance. When mounted on skin, the array can tolerate to repeated cycles at 30% strain. This work demonstrates the feasibility of skin-applicable displays and lays the foundation for further materials development.
The occurrence of microplastics was investigated in water, sediment and fish from the Fengshan River system. All collected samples contained microplastics with 334–1058 items/m3 in the water samples, ...508-3987 items/kg dry weight in the sediment samples and 14–94 items/fish in the fish samples. The spatial distribution of microplastics in water and sediments was attributed to anthropogenic discharges, flow dynamics, tidal exchanges and microplastic density. This was evidenced by significant correlations of microplastics with the river pollution index (RPI), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), flow velocity and the presence of different polymer types of microplastics in water and sediment. Microplastic abundance in fish was correlated to SS, pH and conductivity, indicating that these water quality variables might affect bioavailability of microplastics to fish. Concentrations of microplastics/cm length of demersal fish at a higher trophic level (Leiognathus equulus and Pomadasys argenteus) were higher than those of a benthopelagic fish (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus). The significant relationships observed suggest that collected fish might prefer to ingest long fibrous microplastics from sediments and large fragmented microplastics from water. The high levels of 3- and 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly fluoranthene and pyrene, in fish muscle revealed that the collected fish species might have a high ability to accumulate these PAHs from food and the environment. Significant relationships between some PAHs in fish and microplastic abundances in water/sediments/fish suggested that these PAHs might be accumulated by fish from contaminated microplastics. This study provides unique information on the factors influencing the spatial distribution of microplastics and the role of microplastics on the accumulation of PAHs by fish.
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•Factors affecting microplastics distribution in an urban river were determined.•Microplastic abundance was correlated to some water quality variables.•Demersal fish contained higher levels of microplastic than benthopelagic fish.•Accumulation of some PAHs by fish might be from contaminated microplastics.
Distribution and the role of microplastics in an urban river.
As an emerging class of promising porous materials, the development of two‐dimensional conductive metal organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) is hampered by the few categories and tedious synthesis of the ...specific ligands. Herein, we developed a nonplanar hexahydroxyl‐functionalized Salphen ligand (6OH‐Salphen) through a facile two‐step synthesis, which was further applied to construct layered 2D c‐MOFs through in situ one pot synthesis based on the synergistic metal binding effect of the N2O2 pocket of Salphen. Interestingly, the C2v‐symmetry of ligand endows Cu‐Salphen‐MOF with periodically heterogeneous pore structures. Benefitting from the higher metal density and shorter in‐plane metal‐metal distance, Cu‐Salphen‐MOF showcased excellent NO2 sensing performance with good sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility. The current work opens up a new avenue to construct 2D c‐MOF directly from nonplanar ligands, which greatly simplifies the synthesis and provides new possibilities for preparing different topological 2D c‐MOF based functional materials.
A new nonplanar Salphen ligand (6OH‐Salphen) with C2v‐symmetry was developed to construct 2D Cu‐Salphen‐MOF via in situ one pot synthesis, featuring metal coordination induced planarization of the Salphen cores. The existence of N2O2 pocket of 6OH‐Salphen endows 2D Cu‐Salphen‐MOF with higher metal density, shorter metal‐metal distance and a narrower band gap, thus making it display a high response toward NO2 (766 % at 100 ppm).
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US. Current major treatments for cancer management include surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy ...and immunotherapy. Despite the endeavors and achievements made in treating cancers during the past decades, resistance to classical chemotherapeutic agents and/or novel targeted drugs continues to be a major problem in cancer therapies. Drug resistance, either existing before treatment (intrinsic) or generated after therapy (acquired), is responsible for most relapses of cancer, one of the major causes of death of the disease. Heterogeneity among patients and tumors, and the versatility of cancer to circumvent therapies make drug resistance more challenging to deal with. Better understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance is required to provide guidance to future cancer treatment and achieve better outcomes. In this review, intrinsic and acquired resistance will be discussed. In addition, new discoveries in mechanisms of drug resistance will be reviewed. Particularly, we will highlight roles of ATP in drug resistance by discussing recent findings of exceptionally high levels of intratumoral extracellular ATP as well as intracellular ATP internalized from extracellular environment. The complexity of drug resistance development suggests that combinational and personalized therapies, which should take ATP into consideration, might provide better strategies and improved efficacy for fighting drug resistance in cancer.
Background and Purpose
Cancer cells exhibit more dependence on iron and enhanced sensitivity to iron‐dependent, programmed cell death (ferroptosis) than normal cells. Quercetin exerts anti‐cancer ...effects, but the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of lysosome function and ferroptosis in the anti‐cancer potential of quercetin.
Experimental Approach
We used MTT assays and DNA content analysis to evaluate the cytotoxicity, colony formation assay to investigate cell proliferation, and flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to detect lysosomal acidification and protease enzyme activity. Western blotting, cell subfractionation, RT‐PCR and siRNA transfection were used to establish molecular mechanisms of action.
Key Results
Quercetin is known to promote p53‐independent cell death in various cancer cell lines. Although quercetin induces autophagy, genetic silencing of Atg7 fails to affect quercetin‐induced cell death. In contrast, both lysosome inhibitors and knockdown of the transcription factor EB can prevent quercetin‐induced cell death, suggesting the involvement of lysosome. Next, quercetin is found to induce lysosomal activation sequentially through nuclear translocation of EB and transcriptional activation of lysosomal genes. Notably, quercetin promoted lysosome‐dependent ferritin degradation and free iron release. This action and quercetin‐induced ROS generation synergistically resulted in lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Furthermore, Bid may link ferroptosis with apoptosis to cause cell death.
Conclusion and Implications
Quercetin induced EB‐mediated lysosome activation and increased ferritin degradation leading to ferroptosis and Bid‐involved apoptosis. Results from this study may expand our current knowledge about the mechanism of quercetin as an anti‐cancer agent.
Improving the separation of photogenerated carriers and suppressing the rapid complication of electron–hole pairs are essential ways to improve photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. The high ...recombination rate of the photogenerated carriers is an issue encountered when developing CdS as a promising photocatalytic material. This work allowed to accelerate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes by loading monoclinic β-AgVO
3
on hexagonal CdS nanorods to construct a one-dimensional (1D)/1D p-n heterojunction. The introduction of monoclinic β-AgVO
3
with a narrow band gap effectively improves the light absorption of CdS, which is conducive to improving the use of visible light. The integrated electric field of the p–n heterojunction can effectively transfer electrons and holes in the direction suitable to hydrogen evolution. The photoluminescence and electrochemical characterization of the catalysts showed that the p–n heterojunction formed after loading β-AgVO
3
greatly improved the separation efficiency of photocarriers. The hydrogen evolution experiments show that the composite catalyst has good photocatalytic hydrogen evolution capability and stability. The composite catalyst with the best photocatalytic performance was obtained by studying β-AgVO
3
with different loadings. The composite catalyst reached 581.5 μmol of hydrogen amount within 5 h, which is 3.8 times higher than that of CdS alone and its apparent quantum efficiency reaches 8.02%. The present work provides a possible solution for the development of perovskite and the extensiveness of CdS in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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