Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a well known traditional Chinese prescription used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and immunity enhancement. It has been found to indeed improve life ...quality of chemotherapy patients and extensive used in clinical conbined with chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer.
The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of the immunotoxicity of SJZD on mitomycin C (MMC) and the metabolic mechanism of action.
NMR and MS-based metabolomics approaches were combined for monitoring MMC-induced immunotoxicity and the protective effect of SJZD. Body weight change and mortality, histopathological observations and relative viscera weight determinations of spleen and thymus, sternum micronucleus assay and hematological analysis were used to confirm the immunotoxicity and attenuation effects. An OPLS-DA approach was used to screen potential biomarkers of immunotoxicity and the MetaboAnalyst and KEGG PATHWAY Database were used to investigate the metabolic pathways.
8 biomarkers in plasma samples, 19 in urine samples and 10 in spleen samples were identified as being primarily involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. The most critical pathway was alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
The variations in biomarkers revealed the preventive effect of the immunotoxicity of SJZD on MMC and significant for speculating the possible metabolic mechanism.
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Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a well known traditional Chinese prescription used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and immunity enhancement. It has been found to indeed improve life ...quality of chemotherapy patients and extensive used in clinical conbined with chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer.
The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of the immunotoxicity of SJZD on mitomycin C (MMC) and the metabolic mechanism of action.
NMR and MS-based metabolomics approaches were combined for monitoring MMC-induced immunotoxicity and the protective effect of SJZD. Body weight change and mortality, histopathological observations and relative viscera weight determinations of spleen and thymus, sternum micronucleus assay and hematological analysis were used to confirm the immunotoxicity and attenuation effects. An OPLS-DA approach was used to screen potential biomarkers of immunotoxicity and the MetaboAnalyst and KEGG PATHWAY Database were used to investigate the metabolic pathways.
8 biomarkers in plasma samples, 19 in urine samples and 10 in spleen samples were identified as being primarily involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. The most critical pathway was alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
The variations in biomarkers revealed the preventive effect of the immunotoxicity of SJZD on MMC and significant for speculating the possible metabolic mechanism.
Raindrop size distribution (DSD) plays a crucial role in enhancing the accuracy of radar quantitative precipitation estimates in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, there is a notable scarcity of ...long-term, high-resolution observations in this region. To address this issue, long-term observations from a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) were leveraged to refine the radar and satellite-based algorithms for quantifying precipitation in the hinterland of the TP. It was observed that weak precipitation (
R
<1, mm h
−1
) accounts for 86% of the total precipitation time, while small raindrops (
D
<2 mm) comprise 99% of the total raindrop count. Furthermore, the average spectral width of the DSD increases with increasing rain rate. The DSD characteristics of convective and stratiform precipitation were discussed across five different rain rates, revealing that convective precipitation in Yangbajain (YBJ) exhibits characteristics similar to maritime-like precipitation. The constrained relationships between the slope Λ and shape
μ
,
D
m
and
N
w
of gamma DSDs were derived. Additionally, we established a correlation between the equivalent diameter and drop axis ratio and found that raindrops on the TP attain a nearly spherical shape. Consequently, the application of the rainfall retrieval algorithms of the dual-frequency precipitation radar in the TP is improved based on the statistical results of the DSD.
In Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) based compute-in-memory designs, the column current readout circuits still consume too much area and power overhead, even if plenty of methods have been ...proposed to optimize the circuits. To alleviate this problem, this paper presents a novel current readout circuit to sense multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) result of RRAM array. Specifically, the circuit first integrate the stabilized and proportionally mirrored MAC current on a small capacitor until it fires, then sample the integration time with a set of reference signals with different carefully designed delays, and finally code the sampled result into a digital value. The proposed readout circuit has fine stability due to simple and determined relationship among the inputs, the RRAM cells' states, and the MAC current. Meanwhile, the proposed design can achieve accurate MAC result readout at low resistance switching ratios, for it employs a current compensation circuit to remove background current caused by high resistance state RRAM cells. Our design is implemented using 28nm CMOS technology with a read latency of 2.8ns and an area occupation of 267μm 2 /channel, which is 12.5% and 89% less than state of the art design. Its power consumption, 0.092mW/channel, is also less than most counterpart designs.
•Serum levels of Arg-1, an important effector molecule for G-MDSC were significantly reduced in PE patients compared to healthy pregnant women.•Lack of G-MDSC expansion is a most notable feature of ...PE-associated immune cell alterations.•Restoring G-MDSCs may have the potential to treat PE.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand in maternal peripheral blood and cord blood during normal pregnancy to maintain maternal–fetal tolerance. Here we investigated the expansion and function of MDSCs in preeclampsia (PE) patients. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were sampled from healthy pregnant women and PE patients, and analyzed for the frequencies and phenotypes of MDSCs and T cells. Serum levels of key human MDSC effector enzymes were measured using appropriate detection kits. Peripheral blood samples of healthy non-pregnant women were used as controls. We found that normal pregnancy is associated with a significant increase of immunosuppressive MDSCs and regulatory T (Treg) cells. There was no significant difference in the frequency of Treg cells between normal pregnancies and PE patients, but the pregnancy-associated increase of granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs), but not monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), in both PBMCs and CBMCs was markedly inhibited in PE patients. Furthermore, serum levels of Arg-1, an important effector molecule for G-MDSC were significantly reduced in PE patients compared to healthy pregnant women. In conclusion, the lack of G-MDSC expansion is a most notable feature of PE-associated immune-cell alterations, suggesting that restoring G-MDSCs may have the potential to treat PE.
We present the description of a new species of Limoniidae Rondani, 1856. Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) miocenica Mederos & Wang n. sp. is described from resinites (little or poorly polymerized amber) of ...Yanigua Formation, in the Eastern District of Dominican Republic, well differentiated from the other species from the fossil record of Hispaniola to date, Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) agriPodenas & Poinar, 1999. A key to the five fossil species of the subgenus ParamongomaBrunetti, 1911 described to date is also offered. Since the biology of the immature stages of Paramongoma are associated with aquatic microhabitats (such as phytotelmata and small mountain streams), the occurrence of such microhabitats can therefore be hypothesized in the area then occupied by the Hispaniolan paleo-island. The records of extant species of the subgenus Paramongoma from several islands of the Lesser and Greater Antilles, as well as presence of the suitable ecological conditions, offers the possibility of finding living species of TrentepohliaBigot, 1854 at Hispaniola, which is currently the only large island in the Caribbean without records of the genus.
To determine the spatial distribution and variability in the health status of the Naolihe Basin, a water-based system was introduced, and 27 indexes were selected within the water-based system ...theoretical frame. The Naolihe watershed was divided into 12 subareas, and the health status of each subarea was evaluated using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method with weightings calculated using an improved combined entropy-weighting method and analytic hierarchy process. Three semi-variability models (spherical, exponential, and Gaussian) for the Kriging interpolation method were used to analyze the spatial variability of the basin’s health status. The Kriging interpolation method with the Gaussian model delivered the highest accuracy. Spatial variability analysis showed that the health status of the Naolihe Basin was mainly affected by river direction, topography, and regional economic development level. The health state of the southern area of the Naolihe River was better than that of the northern area, and the health state gradually improved from east to west in the Naolihe Basin. In addition, the health statuses of several specific areas were slightly lower, which was caused by overdevelopment.
MicroRNA (miRNA) family members are usually highly homologous sequences, and it is a challenging task to selectively detect one miRNA member from other family members in medical diagnosis. Here, we ...describe the design of a dual discrimination mode for improved specificity towards let‐7a detection over the other members of the let‐7 family, in which an intentional base mutation was introduced into the padlock probe of an exponential rolling circle amplification. The inherent discrimination power of the padlock probe and the introduced base mutation constituted a dual discrimination mode, which provided enhanced specificity for let‐7a, even over single‐base mismatched family sequences. Furthermore, the assay enabled the quantitative detection of let‐7a in a dynamic range from 200 amol to 100 fmol. This technique has also been successfully applied to real small RNA samples extracted from human lung cancers. For the first time, through intentionally mutating one base on the padlock probe of the exponential rolling circle amplification (RCA), we improved the discrimination capability for let‐7 family members, while maintaining adequate sensitivity. Overall, this dual discrimination mode and the high amplification strategy have the potential to be extended to other short, but highly homologous, miRNA sequences.
Cortex Fraxini is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. An efficient and rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry ...method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of six coumarins (aesculin, fraxin, aesculetin, fraxetin, sopoletin and 7‐hydroxycoumarin) in normal and hyperuricemic rats plasma after oral administration of Cortex Fraxini. The method could successfully be applied for pharmacokinetics studies. The pharmacokinetic behavior of six coumarins in normal and hyperuricemia rats plasma was determined. Results showed that, for some of analytes, the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, Cmax, Tmax and CL) were significantly different between normal and hyperuricemic rats. The different pharmacokinetic parameters might result from renal impairment or a change of metabolic enzymes in the pathological state. The pharmacokinetic study in pathological state could provide more useful information to guide the clinical use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
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