Workplace violence (WPV) is a global public health problem and has caused a serious threat to the physical and mental health of healthcare workers. Moreover, WPV also has an adverse effect on the ...workplace behavior of healthcare workers. This study has three purposes: (1) to identify the prevalence of workplace violence against physicians; (2) to examine the association between exposure to WPV, job satisfaction, job burnout and turnover intention of Chinese physicians and (3) to verify the mediating role of social support.
A cross-sectional study adopted a purposive sampling method to collect data from March 2017 through May 2017. A total of nine tertiary hospitals in four provinces, which provide healthcare from specialists in a large hospital after referral from primary and secondary care, were selected as research sites based on their geographical locations in the eastern, central and western regions of China. Descriptive analyses, a univariate analysis, a Pearson correlation, and a mediation regression analysis were used to estimate the prevalence of WPV and impact of WPV on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention.
WPV was positively correlated with turnover intention (r = 0.238, P < 0.01) and job burnout (r = 0.150, P < 0.01), and was negatively associated with job satisfaction (r = - 0.228, P < 0.01) and social support (r = - 0.077, P < 0.01). Social support was a partial mediator between WPV and job satisfaction, as well as burnout and turnover intention.
The results show a high prevalence of workplace violence in Chinese tertiary hospitals, which should not be ignored. The effects of social support on workplace behaviors suggest that it has practical implications for interventions to promote the stability of physicians' teams.
(Project Identification Code: HMUIRB2014005), Registered March 1, 2014.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are gaining increasing popularity in the area of video-based action/activity analysis. Compared to 2D convolutions that share the filters in a 2D spatial ...domain, 3D convolutions further reuse filters in the temporal dimension to capture temporal-domain features in the video. How to exploit the data locality in the temporal dimension directly impacts the energy efficiency of specialized architectures for 3D CNN inference. Prior works on specialized 3D-CNN accelerators employ additional on-chip memories and multicluster architecture to reuse data among the process element (PE) arrays, which is very expensive for low-power chip implementation. Instead of harvesting in-memory data locality, we propose the architecture of systolic cube to exploit the spatial and temporal localities in 3D CNNs, which moves the reusable data in-between PEs connected via a 3D-cube network-on-chip. Furthermore, due to the existence of visual feature reappearance in the temporal domain, there exists a considerable portion of repetitive pixels and activations among the feature maps captured at adjacent time slots. To eliminate such temporal redundancy in 3D CNNs, the proposed accelerator architecture is equipped with a redundancy detection and elimination mechanism, capable of skipping the computations with the same activations and parameters when reusing the convolutional filters along the temporal dimension. In our evaluation, the experimental results show that the systolic-cube architecture contributes to a considerable energy-efficiency boost for state-of-the-art activity-recognition benchmarks and datasets.
Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent non-lysosomal cysteine proteases. In particular, calpains residing in the endothelial cells play important roles in angiogenesis. It has been shown that ...calpain activity can be increased in endothelial cells by growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF/VEGFR2 induces calpain 2 dependent activation of PI3K/AMPK/Akt/eNOS pathway, and consequent nitric oxide production and physiological angiogenesis. Under pathological conditions such as tumor angiogenesis, endothelial calpains can be activated by hypoxia. This review focuses on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of calpain activation, and the newly identified mechanistic roles and downstream signaling events of calpains in physiological angiogenesis, and in the conditions of pathological tumor angiogenesis and diabetic wound healing, as well as retinopathy and atherosclerosis that are also associated with an increase in calpain activity. Further discussed include the differential strategies of modulating angiogenesis through manipulating calpain expression/activity in different pathological settings. Targeted limitation of angiogenesis in cancer and targeted promotion of angiogenesis in diabetic wound healing via modulations of calpains and calpain-dependent signaling mechanisms are of significant translational potential. Emerging strategies of tissue-specific targeting, environment-dependent targeting, and genome-targeted editing may turn out to be effective regimens for targeted manipulation of angiogenesis through calpain pathways, for differential treatments including both attenuation of tumor angiogenesis and potentiation of diabetic angiogenesis.
•Mechanistic roles of endothelial calpain activation in angiogenesis are reviewed.•Calpain inhibition limits tumor growth and atherogenesis, and improves ischemic retinopathy.•Calpain activation promotes diabetic wound healing and mediates protective signaling in response to shear stress.•Strategies differentially targeting calpain pathways may serve as novel therapeutics for different pathophysiological conditions associated with angiogenesis.
In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the shape-controlled synthesis and characterization of colloidal Au–Cu alloy nanostructures. Then we review the studies on the plasmonic properties ...of the Au–Cu alloy nanoparticles, which are different from that of the nanoparticles composed of pure Au or Cu due to the synergism between Au and Cu. The Au–Cu nanoparticles with tunable composition and geometry have been applied in heterogeneous catalysis for many reactions such as CO 2 reduction and have shown good catalytic activity. They have also been demonstrated to be effective in killing tumor cells using photothermal therapy. At the end of this review, we provide our perspective on the future work on the synthesis and applications of Au–Cu alloy nanoparticles.
Developmental disorders (DDs) are a kind of chronic maladies, which can cause serious irreversible detriment to children's physical and mental health. It is predominantly regulated by the interaction ...of environment and heredity. Cold regions are mainly located in the high latitudes of China. Their living environment is characterized by frequent cold wave, huge temperature difference, severe air pollution, high calorie diet, less exercise, smoking, drinking,
In recent years, substantial advances have been made in studies of the correlation between the living environment features in cold regions and the DDs. Accordingly, this article reviews the impact of the peculiar living environment of cold regions on DDs, with a view to provide fresh prevention strategies for reducing the morbidity of DDs in China cold regions by ameliorating living environment.
In the present study we aimed to identify novel mechanisms and therapeutics for thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in Fbn1C1039G/+ Marfan Syndrome (MFS) mice. The expression of mature/active TGFβ and its ...downstream effector NOX4 were upregulated while tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) salvage enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was downregulated in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice. In vivo treatment with anti-TGFβ completely attenuated NOX4 expression, restored DHFR protein abundance, reduced ROS production, recoupled eNOS and attenuated aneurysm formation. Intriguingly, oral administration with folic acid (FA) to recouple eNOS markedly alleviated expansion of aortic roots and abdominal aortas in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice, which was attributed to substantially upregulated DHFR expression and activity in the endothelium to restore tissue and circulating levels of H4B. Notably, circulating H4B levels were accurately predictive of tissue H4B bioavailability, and negatively associated with expansion of aortic roots, indicating a novel biomarker role of circulating H4B for TAA. Furthermore, FA diet abrogated TGFβ and NOX4 expression, disrupting the feed-forward loop to inactivate TGFβ/NOX4/DHFR/eNOS uncoupling axis in vivo and in vitro, while PTIO, a NO scavenger, reversed this effect in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Besides, expression of the rate limiting H4B synthetic enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCHI), was downregulated in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice at baseline. In cultured HAECs, RNAi inhibition of fibrillin resulted in reduced GTPCHI expression, while this response was abrogated by anti-TGFβ, indicating TGFβ-dependent downregulation of GTPCHI in response to fibrillin deficiency. Taken together, our data for the first time reveal that uncoupled eNOS plays a central role in TAA formation, while anti-TGFβ and FA diet robustly abolish aneurysm formation via inactivation of a novel TGFβ/NOX4/DHFR/eNOS uncoupling/TGFβ feed-forward pathway. Correction of fibrillin deficiency is additionally beneficial via preservation of GTPCHI function.
Abstract The management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in cold areas is an important task in the daily practice of primary medical and health institutions. An important way to reduce the ...burden of CKD is to achieve early identification of and implement timely intervention on the relevant risk factors. Studies have shown that diet, alcohol, tobacco, air, sedentary and other factors in cold areas have negative impacts on human kidneys; yet, our current understanding of the effect of cold stimulation on CKD remains blurry. This paper introduces the research progress of risk factors related to CKD in cold areas and analytically summarizes the pathogenesis of CKD caused by cold stimulation, aiming to provide a reference work for the prevention, screening, evaluation, and management of CKD in cold areas.
In determining global sea‐to‐air CO2 flux from measurements or models, the ocean margin has not been resolved from the land or the open ocean. Recent studies have indicated that shelves can be either ...a large sink or a source for atmospheric CO2. This CO2 sink/source term may substantially alter our current view of the global carbon budget for land and oceans. However, past fieldwork and synthesis have focused on a few shelves in the northern temperate zone while the vast majority of other shelves are ignored. By dividing the highly heterogeneous shelves into seven provinces, we suggest that the continental shelves are a sink for atmospheric CO2 at mid‐high latitudes (−0.33 Pg C a−1) and a source of CO2 at low latitudes (0.11 Pg C a−1). Warm temperature and high terrestrial organic carbon input are most likely responsible for the CO2 release in low latitude shelves.
Reliably predicting how coral calcification may respond to ocean acidification and warming depends on our understanding of coral calcification mechanisms. However, the concentration and speciation of ...dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inside corals remain unclear, as only pH has been measured while a necessary second parameter to constrain carbonate chemistry has been missing. Here we report the first carbonate ion concentration (CO3(2-)) measurements together with pH inside corals during the light period. We observe sharp increases in CO3(2-) and pH from the gastric cavity to the calcifying fluid, confirming the existence of a proton (H(+)) pumping mechanism. We also show that corals can achieve a high aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in the calcifying fluid by elevating pH while at the same time keeping DIC low. Such a mechanism may require less H(+)-pumping and energy for upregulating pH compared with the high DIC scenario and thus may allow corals to be more resistant to climate change related stressors.
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂), concentration of total dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity were measured at both high tide and low tide in the surface water of three ...Georgia estuaries from September 2002 to May 2004. Of the three estuaries, Sapelo and Doboy Sounds are marine-dominated estuaries, while Altamaha Sound is a river-dominated estuary. During all sampling months, the three estuaries were supersaturated in CO₂ with respect to the atmosphere (39.5-342.5 Pa, or 390-3380 microatm) because of CO₂ inputs from within the estuarine zone (mainly intertidal marshes) and the river. Overall, pCO₂ in the river-dominated estuary is much higher than that in the marine-dominated estuaries. The calculated annual air-water CO₂ flux in Altamaha Sound $(69.3\,{\rm{mmol}}\,{\rm{m}}^{-2} {\rm{d}}^{-1} )$ is 2.4 times those of Sapelo and Doboy Sounds $(28.7-29.4\,{\rm{mmol}}\,{\rm{m}}^{-2} {\rm{d}}^{-1} {\rm{)}}$. The higher CO₂ degassing in the river-dominated estuary is fueled largely by CO₂ loading from the river. Because of the substantial differences between river- and marine-dominated estuaries, current estimates of air-water CO₂ fluxes in global estuaries (which are based almost entirely on river-dominated estuaries) could be overestimated.
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