This paper adjusts the coupling model to analyze the variables in order to measure the degree of coupling between overseas alumni donation behavior and university strategies. The entropy weighting ...method is used for the determination of indicator weights and systematic, comprehensive evaluation function. The replicated dynamic equations of alumni entrepreneurs and colleges and universities are explored separately to verify the relationship between the probability of alumni donations, the probability of colleges and universities willing to accept donations and the probability of entrepreneurs’ willingness to donate. To simulate the impact of three types of university incentive strategies, namely, tax incentives, reputational gains, and networking resources, on the donation decisions of overseas alumni and to explore the ranking of the three types of incentive strategies in a single incentive strategy implementation environment. In order to explore the cooperative evolution process of multi-channel coupling, the group structure, size, degree of interaction and cognition are modeled with appropriate parameterization, and the evolution results of the independent and coupled scenarios are compared. The simulation data show that in the environment of single university incentive strategy implementation, the ranking of incentive effects is, in order, tax benefits > networking resources > reputational gains.
Poverty is a key issue restricting rural sustainable development; concurrently, regional land degradation impedes agricultural development and rural revitalization. China faces severe land ...degradation and deepening rural poverty under the context of rapid urbanization. To address these challenges, sustainable land use is an important tool in our society’s economic development. Rural engineering, including rural land consolidation, reclamation, restoration, reallocation, improvement, and development, is the most direct and effective way to achieve rural sustainable poverty alleviation. This study clarifies the framework between land engineering and rural poverty alleviation, and introduces land engineering technologies, newly created land utilization practices, and the contributions to poverty alleviation in representative degraded land regions. Land engineering can increase land quantity, improve land quality, enhance land ecological function, and promote man-land system coupling. Further, it can erase rural poverty by increasing county revenue and households’ income, lead to industrial development, and improve living environment. Specifically, degraded sandy land, gully land, hollowed construction land, and barren hilly land are transformed into productive land by improving the land structure. Innovated land engineering technologies and sustainable land utilization modes can provide the basic theories and reference approaches for rural poverty alleviation. Identifying obstacles to effective land and corresponding engineering practices are crucial to regional land exploitation and development, improving quality of life and alleviating rural poverty.
Pt is one of the most effective cocatalysts used in hydrogen evolution photocatalysts in water splitting. However, because Pt is an expensive noble metal, the efficient and optimum use of Pt is of ...high importance. In this work, the effect of loading conditions for Pt nanoparticles on the surface of CdS as a model photoabsorber was studied to reveal the important parameters for obtaining Pt cocatalyst of high activity. The activities of as-prepared Pt/CdS samples were evaluated in H2 evolution from photocatalytic water splitting using Na2S and Na2SO3 as sacrificial reagents. It was found that the solution environment during Pt photoreduction played a critical role. Pt/CdS photocatalyst with Pt reduced in NaOH alkaline solution exhibited a markedly higher H2 evolution activity (∼1300 μmol h–1) than samples obtained in acidic or neutral solution (<50 μmol h–1). Further materials characterization revealed that, in alkaline solution, Pt4+ species in the precursor (H2PtCl6·xH2O) can be well reduced to metallic Pt0, which shows high hydrogen evolution activity. On the other hand, in acidic or neutral solution, Pt4+ species can be only partially reduced to Pt2+ species, which are deposited on the surface of CdS. It is suggested that the promotional effect of alkaline conditions on Pt reduction is attributable to enhanced hydrolysis of PtCl6 2– to species containing fewer Cl– ions, such as Pt(OH)5Cl2– and Pt(OH)6 2–, which are then more easily reduced.
A NiS/C3N4 photocatalyst containing earth‐abundant elements only was constructed by means of a simple hydrothermal method. This photocatalyst shows efficient hydrogen evolution (48.2 μmol h−1) under ...visible light when using triethanolamine as a sacrificial reagent. The optimal loading of 1.1 wt % NiS on C3N4 as a cocatalyst can enhance the H2 production by about 250 times compared with the native C3N4. The highest apparent quantum efficiency of 1.9 % was recorded at 440 nm.
The fall of the nobility: Noble‐metal‐free NiS/C3N4 was synthesized by means of a simple hydrothermal method. A small percentage of NiS loading enhances H2 evolution compared to the native C3N4. In addition, a higher apparent quantum efficiency is recorded. The appropriate loading of NiS makes C3N4 a stable and low‐cost photocatalyst system for H2 evolution.
The Tan‐Lu fault zone (TLFZ) along the East China continental margin (ECCM) experienced a change from sinistral to normal faulting in the late Mesozoic. Thirty‐four laser ablation (LA)‐ICPMS zircon ...U‐Pb dates for plutons and volcanic rocks along the TLFZ indicate that extension‐related magmatism started as early as 136 Ma. The development of pre‐eruption rift basins along the TLFZ during the earliest Early Cretaceous further constrains the onset time of the Tan‐Lu normal faulting to the beginning of Early Cretaceous (ca. 145 Ma). Association of extensive rifts, metamorphic core complexes, and magmatism along the margin with the Tan‐Lu normal faulting suggests an Early Cretaceous extensional regime for the ECCM that also started at the beginning of the Early Cretaceous, about 145 Ma. An undeformed granite dike that intrudes the sinistral ductile shear zone yields an LA‐ICPMS zircon U‐Pb age of 122 Ma. Seven40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of mica samples from mylonites in the Tan‐Lu sinistral ductile shear zone range from
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Ma, and these are considered to represent cooling ages related to later normal faulting. A white mica40Ar/39Ar plateau age of
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Ma is interpreted as the cooling age of sinistral faulting. It is suggested that the sinistral faulting took place before 150 Ma (Late Jurassic), rather than in the Early Cretaceous, as previously proposed. The Tan‐Lu sinistral faulting developed under a transpressive regime along the ECCM during the Late Jurassic. It is inferred that the switch from Late Jurassic transpression to Early Cretaceous extension is due to a shift from oblique, shallow subduction of the Izanagi Plate to orthogonal, steep subduction of the Pacific Plate.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
产业振兴是实施乡村振兴战略的重要基础，但乡村产业废弃物日益增多，严重制约乡村系统的可持续发展，亟需重视乡村产业振兴中的废弃物资源化利用。本文系统梳理了国家在乡村废弃物资源化利用方面的政策演变，并探讨乡村产业废弃物类型、产生机制及资源化利用的典型模式。结果表明：我国乡村废弃物资源化利用政策可以划分为利用方式探索、关键技术研制、绿色循环发展3个阶段；乡村产业废弃物类型主要包括种植业的作物秸秆、废渣废料、农膜、包装物等，养殖业的畜禽粪污、病死畜禽等，加工业的废渣、废水等，以及旅游业的塑料制品、食物残渣及污水等；废弃物产生过程可划分为种养分离、种养部分结合、种养加旅分离、种养加旅结合4个阶段；乡村产业发展中的废弃物资源化利用模式主要有家庭初级种养循环、企业种养加循环、多村产业联合体循环、县域产业融合循环等模式。未来应充分发挥政策引导作用，加强资源化技术和循环模式研究，激发农民的主体参与意识，持续推进乡村产业废弃物资源化利用。 Industrial revitalization is an important foundation for the implementation of a rural revitalization strategy, but the increasing amount of rural industrial waste significantly restricts the sustainable development of rural systems. There is an urgent need to pay attention to the resource utilization of waste in rural industrial revitalization. Based on a summary of national rural waste resource utilization policies, the types and generation mechanisms of rural industrial waste and typical models of resource utilization are systematically discussed. The results showed that national rural waste resourc
•Spatio-temporal pattern and driving forces of construction land change of a poverty-stricken cross-border county were explored.•Urban development, rural housing and industrial parks construction and ...transportation facilities are main factors driving construction land expansion.•The implementation of targeted poverty alleviation strategy and the booming of border trade activities are important policy drivers.•Implications for improving pro-poor land use policies were further discussed.
Sustainable land use, targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) and integrated urban/town development are key issues for the poverty-stricken counties of China. This paper explored the spatio-temporal pattern and driving forces of construction land change in Longzhou, a typical poverty-stricken border county in southwest China, based on high-resolution remote sensing images and field investigations. The results showed that, from 2011 to 2016, the construction land in Longzhou increased by 10.08%. The largest increase shown by urban built-up areas (37.74%) followed by rural residential (25.48%), industrial and mining (20.96%), and transportation areas (15.49%) as well by tourist facility areas (0.33%). The accelerated urban development, rural housing construction, and construction of industrial parks and transportation facilities are main factors driving construction land expansion, while the implementation of TPA strategy and the booming of border trade activities are important policy drivers of the construction land expansion. Some of the major implications for improving poverty-alleviation-oriented land use policies were further discussed. The authors argue that land use policy innovation could play a key role in breaking the Matthew effect (poor get poorer, rich get richer) of China's uneven regional development and generating and accelerating the transformation development of poverty-stricken counties. It is fundamental to meet the demand of construction land for TPA, meanwhile raise the intensive level of land utilization. The authors suggest that the government need to further improve and implement preferential land use policies for poverty-stricken counties from the provincial level, appropriately increase the quotas of construction land, and effectively strengthen the rational, efficient and intensive use of the quotas of construction land, and provide solid land policy support for poverty alleviation and thus achieve the Sustainable Development Goals with higher quality.
Continent–continent collision between the North China Block (NCB) and South China Block (SCB) took place along the Qinling–Tongbai–Hong'an–Dabie orogens during the Triassic. A micro-continent with ...Paleozoic arc magmatism has been recognized in the northern Qinling–Tongbai orogens; however, it remains unclear whether the micro-continent extended to the Dabie Orogen to form a ribbon-shaped micro-continent, due to later burial by the Hefei Basin in the north. To solve this problem, we conducted LA–ICP–MS UPb dating of zircons from Silurian to Cretaceous sandstones and volcanic rocks from the southern margin of the basin. The age spectra of detrital zircons suggest that the Dabie Orogen and later basin cover were the sources of the analyzed sandstones. The detrital and inherited zircons indicate Neoproterozoic, early and late Paleozoic magmatism in the Beihuaiyang unit in the north of the Dabie Orogen. The zircon and previous geophysical data show that a micro-continent bounded by the Feizhong Suture in the north and the Xiaotian–Mozitang Suture in the south existed between the NCB and the Triassic Dabie Orogen, and its northern half is buried by the Jurassic–Paleogene Hefei Basin. The Beihuaiyang micro-continent experienced early Paleozoic arc magmatism caused by southward subduction of the Erlangping oceanic crust and late Paleozoic magmatism related to northward subduction of the Paleotethyan oceanic crust. The micro-continent was accreted to the southern edge of the NCB at the end of the Early Devonian (ca. 400Ma) via arc–continent collision. Similarly to the Qinling–Tongbai orogens, the Dabie Orogen contains a Paleozoic accretionary system in the north and a Triassic collisional system in the south; thus, it is suggested that a ribbon-shaped micro-continent, >900km long and 50–100km wide, was present along the entire Qinling–Tongbai–Hong'an–Dabie orogens prior to the middle Paleozoic. This micro-continent might have originated as a result of middle Neoproterozoic rifting along the margin of the SCB.
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•The Dabie Orogen was the provenance of the Jurassic to Cretaceous sandstones at the southern margin of the Hefei Basin.•The Beihuaiyang unit in the north of the Dabie Orogen experienced both early and late Paleozoic arc magmatism.•The Beihuaiyang unit was a micro-continent bounded by the Feizhong and Xiaotian–Mozitang sutures before the middle Paleozoic.•The Beihuaiyang micro-continent was accreted to the NCB at the end of the Early Devonian via arc–continent collision.•A ribbon-shaped micro-continent was present between the NCB and the SCB prior to the middle Paleozoic.
Brain metastasis often has a poor prognosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, it is urgent to identify factors associated with lung cancer brain metastasis. ...Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) also known as noncoding nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 2 is a long noncoding RNA, which is highly conserved amongst mammals. It has been shown to be increased in a variety of tumors including NSCLC and regulate the expression of metastasis-associated genes. However, the role of MALAT1 in lung cancer brain metastasis has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the level of MALAT1 in 78 cases of NSCLC samples with 19 brain metastasis and 59 non-brain metastasis by qRT-PCR. We observed that the level of MALAT1 was significantly higher in brain metastasis than that of non brain metastasis samples (
P
< 0.001). The level of MALAT1 was associated with patients’ survival. To investigate the role of MALAT1 in brain metastasis, we established a highly invasive and metastatic cell subline using the brain metastasis lung cancer cell H1915. We found that MALAT1 is increased in highly invasive subline of brain metastasis lung cancer cells. Further functional studies indicate that silencing MALAT1 inhibits highly invasive subline of brain metastasis lung cancer cell migration and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, increased level of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes lung cancer brain metastasis by inducing EMT, which may be a promising prognosis factor and therapeutic target to treat lung cancer brain metastasis in future.
Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated genome modification has been applied successfully to create transgenic animals in various species, such as mouse, pig, and even monkey. ...However, transgenic cattle with gene knockin have yet to be created using TALENs. Here, we report site-specific knockin of the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) nickase-mediated SP110 nuclear body protein gene ( SP110 ) via homologous recombination to produce tuberculosis-resistant cattle. In vitro and in vivo challenge and transmission experiments proved that the transgenic cattle are able to control the growth and multiplication of Mycobacterium bovis , turn on the apoptotic pathway of cell death instead of necrosis after infection, and efficiently resist the low dose of M . bovis transmitted from tuberculous cattle in nature. In this study, we developed TALE nickases to modify the genome of Holstein–Friesian cattle, thereby engineering a heritable genome modification that facilitates resistance to tuberculosis.
Significance Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that affects a broad range of mammalian hosts. It is a serious threat to agriculture in many less-developed countries. In this study, we introduced a mutation to the FokI of the right hand of wild-type transcription activator-like effector nuclease and established a transcription activator-like effector nickase system that creates single-strand breaks in the genome. Then we used this system to add the mouse gene SP110 to a specific location in the bovine genome and created transgenic cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis. Our results contribute to the control and prevention of bovine tuberculosis and provide a previously unidentified insight into breeding animals for disease resistance.
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