Gentamicin (GEN) is a kind of aminoglycoside antibiotic with the adverse effect of nephrotoxicity. Currently, no effective measures against the nephrotoxicity have been approved. In the present ...study, epigallocatechin gallate (EG), a useful ingredient in green tea, was used to attenuate its nephrotoxicity. EG was shown to largely attenuate the renal damage and the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the decrease of glutathione (GSH) in GEN-injected rats. In NRK-52E cells, GEN increased the cellular ROS in the early treatment phase and ROS remained continuously high from 1.5 H to 24 H. Moreover, EG alleviated the increase of ROS and MDA and the decrease of GSH caused by GEN. Furthermore, EG activated the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). After the treatment of GEN, the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3, the flow cytometry analysis and the JC-1 staining, the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11, were greatly changed, indicating the occurrence of both apoptosis and ferroptosis, whereas EG can reduce these changes. However, when Nrf2 was knocked down by siRNA, the above protective effects of EG were weakened. In summary, EG attenuated GEN-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing apoptosis and ferroptosis.
The evolution of spatial solitons in the photovoltaic photorefractive crystal can be governed by the specific coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Under the photovoltaic field with the external ...bias field, the coupled cn–sn-type periodic wave solution and the corresponding photorefractive bright–dark soliton pair were constructed to describe the evolution of beam. The influence of the external bias field on solitonic dynamics is analyzed. In the photovoltaic crystal, coupled sn–cn-type, sn–dn-type periodic wave solutions, solution constructed by products of elliptic functions and the corresponding dark–bright soliton pair and coupled double-peaked soliton solutions are found to describe the evolution of a spatial-phase-modulated photovoltaic soliton and a non-phase-modulated beam.
Hypoxia is a major contributor to global kidney diseases. Targeting hypoxia is a promising therapeutic option against both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease; however, an effective ...strategy that can achieve simultaneous targeted kidney hypoxia imaging and therapy has yet to be established. Herein, we fabricated a unique nano-sized hypoxia-sensitive coassembly (Pc/C5A@EVs) via molecular recognition and self-assembly, which is composed of the macrocyclic amphiphile C5A, the commercial dye sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (Pc) and mesenchymal stem cell-excreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs).
In murine models of unilateral or bilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury, MSC-EVs protected the Pc/C5A complex from immune metabolism, prolonged the circulation time of the complex, and specifically led Pc/C5A to hypoxic kidneys via surface integrin receptor α
β
and α
β
, where Pc/C5A released the near-infrared fluorescence of Pc and achieved enhanced hypoxia-sensitive imaging. Meanwhile, the coassembly significantly recovered kidney function by attenuating cell apoptosis, inhibiting the progression of renal fibrosis and reducing tubulointerstitial inflammation. Mechanistically, the Pc/C5A coassembly induced M1-to-M2 macrophage transition by inhibiting the HIF-1α expression in hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and downstream NF-κB signaling pathway to exert their regenerative effects.
This synergetic nanoscale coassembly with great translational potential provides a novel strategy for precise kidney hypoxia diagnosis and efficient kidney injury treatment. Furthermore, our strategy of coassembling exogenous macrocyclic receptors with endogenous cell-derived membranous structures may offer a functional platform to address multiple clinical needs.
We use the physics-informed neural network to solve a variety of femtosecond optical soliton solutions of the high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, including one-soliton solution, two-soliton ...solution, rogue wave solution, W-soliton solution and M-soliton solution. The prediction error for one-soliton, W-soliton and M-soliton is smaller. As the prediction distance increases, the prediction error will gradually increase. The unknown physical parameters of the high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation are studied by using rogue wave solutions as data sets. The neural network is optimized from three aspects including the number of layers of the neural network, the number of neurons, and the sampling points. Compared with previous research, our error is greatly reduced. This is not a replacement for the traditional numerical method, but hopefully to open up new ideas.
Anthracnose is a major leaf disease in tea plant induced by
, which has led to substantial losses in yield and quality of tea. The molecular mechanism with regards to responses or resistance to ...anthracnose in tea remains unclear. A de novo transcriptome assembly dataset was generated from healthy and anthracnose-infected leaves on tea cultivars "Longjing-43" (LJ43) and "Zhenong-139" (ZN139), with 381.52 million pair-end reads, encompassing 47.78 billion bases. The unigenes were annotated versus Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein sequences (Nr), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) and Swiss-prot. The number of differential expression genes (DEGs) detected between healthy and infected leaves was 1621 in LJ43 and 3089 in ZN139. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were highly enriched in catalytic activity, oxidation-reduction, cell-wall reinforcement, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction. Further studies by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that expression of genes involved in endogenous salicylic acid biosynthesis and also accumulation of foliar salicylic acid are involved in the response of tea plant to anthracnose infection. This study firstly provided novel insight in salicylic acid acting as a key compound in the responses of tea plant to anthracnose disease. The transcriptome dataset in this study will facilitate to profile gene expression and metabolic networks associated with tea plant immunity against anthracnose.
We consider a (
2
+
1
)-dimensional nonautonomous-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which includes the partially nonlocal nonlinearity under linear and harmonic potentials. Via a projecting ...expression between nonautonomous and autonomous equations, and utilizing the bilinear method and Darboux transformation method, we find diversified exact solutions. These solutions contain the nonlocal rogue wave and Akhmediev or Ma breather solutions, and the combined solution which describes a rogue wave superposed on an Akhmediev or Ma breather. By adjusting values of diffraction, width and phase chirp parameters of wave, the maximum value of the accumulated time can be modulated. When we compare the maximum value of the accumulated time with that of the excitation position parameters, we study the management of scalar and vector rogue waves, such as the excitations of full shape, early shape and climax shape for rogue waves.
Neural circuits that control aversion are essential for motivational regulation and survival in animals. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in predicting aversive events and ...translating motivations into actions. However, the NAc circuits that mediate aversive behaviors remain elusive. Here, we report that tachykinin precursor 1 (Tac1) neurons in the NAc medial shell regulate avoidance responses to aversive stimuli. We show that NAc
neurons project to the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) and that the NAc
→LH pathway contributes to avoidance responses. Moreover, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) sends excitatory inputs to the NAc, and this circuit is involved in the regulation of avoidance responses to aversive stimuli. Overall, our study reveals a discrete NAc Tac1 circuit that senses aversive stimuli and drives avoidance behaviors.
Under parity-time symmetric potentials, different-order nonlinearities such as cubic, quintic and septimal nonlinearities, altogether with their combinations and second-order and fourth-order ...dispersions/diffractions are simultaneously considered to form three-dimensional optical solitons. Based on some high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations, three-dimensional analytical optical soliton solutions are found. In the defocusing cubic nonlinear case, three-dimensional optical soliton without fourth-order diffraction/dispersion is stable than that with fourth-order diffraction/dispersion. However, in the defocusing cubic and focusing quintic nonlinear case, the stability situation of soliton is just on the contrary. Among all combinations of nonlinearity, the stability of three-dimensional optical soliton in the cubic-quintic nonlinear case is better than that in the cubic nonlinear case, but worse than that in the cubic-quintic-septimal nonlinear case. In the quintic-septimal nonlinear case, three-dimensional optical soliton is unstable and will collapse ultimately.
A \(3+1)\-dimensional coupled nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the inhomogeneous \{\mathcal {PT}}\-symmetric and strongly nonlocal nonlinear media is studied, and analytical vector ...spatiotemporal localized solutions are obtained. From these solutions, Gaussian soliton clusters, multipole soliton clusters, and nested soliton clusters can be constructed. The expansion behavior and periodic expansion and compression of spatiotemporal localizations are also investigated in the diffraction decreasing system and periodic modulation system, respectively.
The production of a highly polarized positron beam via nonlinear Breit-Wheeler processes during the interaction of an ultraintense circularly polarized laser pulse with a longitudinally ...spin-polarized ultrarelativistic electron beam is investigated theoretically. A new Monte Carlo method employing fully spin-resolved quantum probabilities is developed under the local constant field approximation to include three-dimensional polarization effects in strong laser fields. The produced positrons are longitudinally polarized through polarization transferred from the polarized electrons by the medium of high-energy photons. The polarization transfer efficiency can approach 100% for the energetic positrons moving at smaller deflection angles. This method simplifies the postselection procedure to generate high-quality positron beams in further applications. In a feasible scenario, a highly polarized (40%–65%), intense ( 105 – 106 /bunch), collimated (5–70 mrad) positron beam can be obtained in a femtosecond timescale. The longitudinally polarized positron sources are desirable for applications in high-energy physics and material science.
PDF
