Background and Aims EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has emerged as an alternative procedure after failed ERCP. However, limited data on the efficacy and safety of EUS-BD are available. ...Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EUS-BD and to evaluate transduodenal (TD) and transgastric (TG) approaches. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify relevant studies published in the English language for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Data from eligible studies were combined to calculate the cumulative technical success rate (TSR), functional success rate (FSR), and adverse-event rate of EUS-BD and the pooled odds ratio of TSR, FSR, and adverse-event rate of the TD approach when compared with the TG approach. Results Forty-two studies with 1192 patients were included in this study, and the cumulative TSR, FSR, and adverse-event rate were 94.71%, 91.66%, and 23.32%, respectively. The common adverse events associated with EUS-BD were bleeding (4.03%), bile leakage (4.03%), pneumoperitoneum (3.02%), stent migration (2.68%), cholangitis (2.43%), abdominal pain (1.51%), and peritonitis (1.26%). Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis for comparative evaluation of TD and TG approaches for EUS-BD. Compared with the TG approach, the pooled odds ratio of the TSR, FSR, and adverse-event rate of the TD approach were 1.36 (95% CI, .66-2.81; P > .05), .84 (95% CI, .50-1.42; P > .05), and .61 (95% CI, .36-1.03; P > .05), respectively, which indicated no significant difference in the TSR, FSR, and adverse-event rate between the 2 groups. Conclusions Although it is associated with significant morbidity, EUS-BD is an effective alternative procedure for relieving biliary obstruction. There was no significant difference between the TD and TG approaches for EUS-BD.
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•Quality of strawberry was improved by solar energy adjusting temperature and light.•Strawberry grew better when the PV modules occupied 25.9% roof of greenhouse.•The suitable light ...range for strawberry under the shade of PV module was obtained.•Solar combined air source heat pump provides suitable heating for strawberry.
Strawberry production is greatly affected by environmental factors, especially temperature and light. A solar greenhouse with opaque photovoltaic (OPV) modules and a solar combined air source heat pump system was built for strawberry production. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of differences in both temperature and light factors caused by OPV modules and solar heating on strawberry growth and quality in a constructed greenhouse. The ‘Jingzangxiang’ strawberry was selected and planted in the greenhouse. The indoor temperature with the heating system was 5.3–7.3 °C higher than the ambient temperature at the coldest period in the city of Kunming. At noon, the chlorophyll content of the shaded strawberry plants was 1.3 times higher than that of the unshaded plants in sunny weather, and the average shaded photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was 230 μmol·m−2·s−1 in the greenhouse, where 25.9% of the roof was covered with OPV modules. Under this shading treatment, the optimum light range of PAR for the ‘Jingzangxiang’ strawberry was 387–437 μmol·m−2·s−1, and the optimum temperature range during the daytime was 20.5–27.4 °C. The largest single strawberry fruit weighed 33.9 g, and the soluble solids content of the shaded strawberry fruit was 16.4%, which was higher than that of the unshaded strawberry samples. Furthermore, the yield of the shaded samples was 1.2 times that of the unshaded samples. In summary, strawberry plants shaded by OPV modules were superior to unshaded strawberry plants in terms of growth, quality and yield. This research provides experimental support and information on the optimal temperature and light ranges for the growth of the ‘Jingzangxiang’ strawberry in solar greenhouse.
The designed sensor enables accurate reconstruction of chest-wall movement caused by cardiopulmonary activities, and the algorithm enables estimation of respiration, heartbeat rate, and some ...indicators of heart rate variability (HRV). In particular, quadrature receiver and arctangent demodulation with calibration are introduced for high linearity representation of chest displacement; 24-bit ADCs with oversampling are adopted for radar baseband acquisition to achieve a high signal resolution; continuous-wavelet filter and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) based algorithm are applied for cardio/pulmonary signal recovery and separation so that accurate beat-to-beat interval can be acquired in time domain for HRV analysis. In addition, the wireless sensor is realized and integrated on a printed circuit board compactly. The developed sensor system is successfully tested on both simulated target and human subjects. In simulated target experiments, the baseband signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 73.27 dB, high enough for heartbeat detection. The demodulated signal has 0.35% mean squared error, indicating high demodulation linearity. In human subject experiments, the relative error of extracted beat-to-beat intervals ranges from 2.53% to 4.83% compared with electrocardiography (ECG) R-R peak intervals. The sensor provides an accurate analysis for heart rate with the accuracy of 100% for p = 2% and higher than 97% for p = 1%.
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Poultry feeding will lead to a large amount of ammonia(NH3) emissions, which will seriously affect the quality of meat. Herein, we report a resistive sensor based on NiO/Ti3C2Tx ...sensitive nanocomposites for NH3 detection in a natural environment. The nanocomposites were prepared by modifying two-dimensional（2D） Ti3C2Tx MXene with nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) by a simple ultrasonic self-assembly method. The results show that the NiO/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposite sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 6.13 % to 50 ppm NH3 at room temperature (RT), which is 8.7 times higher than that of the pure Ti3C2Tx MXene sensor. In other words, the addition of NiO NPs can significantly enhance the gas-sensing response of pure Ti3C2Tx MXene to NH3 at RT. Meanwhile, the response and recovery time were also effectively improved (63 s/19 s) due to the addition of NiO NPs. Furthermore, the response of the nanocomposite sensor to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was investigated, and the results showed its prospective and high selectivity. On the other hand, the nanocomposite sensor exhibits good repeatability and long-term stability. Finally, a possible sensing mechanism is proposed to improve sensor performance.
The Tuwu–Yandong porphyry Cu belt is located in the Eastern Tianshan mountains in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Petrochemical and geochronological data for intrusive and volcanic rocks ...from the Tuwu and Yandong deposits are combined with previous studies to provide constraints on their petrogenesis and tectonic affinity. New LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb ages of 348.3±6.0Ma, 339.3±2.2Ma, 323.6±2.5Ma and 324.1±2.3Ma have been attained from intrusive units associated with the deposits, including diorite, plagiogranite porphyry, quartz albite porphyry and quartz porphyry, respectively. The basalt and andesite, which host part of the Cu mineralization, are tholeiitic with high Al2O3, Cr, Ni and low TiO2 contents, enriched LREEs and negative HFSE (Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti) anomalies consistent with arc magmas. Diorites are characterized by low SiO2 content but high MgO, Cr and Ni contents, similar to those of high-Mg andesites. The parental magma of the basalt, andesite and diorite is interpreted to have been derived from partial melting of mantle-wedge peridotite that was previously metasomatized by slab melts. The ore-bearing plagiogranite porphyry is characterized by high Na2O, Sr, Cr and Ni contents, low Y and Yb contents, low Na2O/K2O ratios and high Sr/Y ratios and high Mg#, suggesting an adakitic affinity. The high εNd(t) (5.02–9.16), low ISr (0.703219–0.704281) and high εHf(t) (8.55–12.99) of the plagiogranite porphyry suggest they were derived by a partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust followed by adakitic melt-mantle peridotite interaction. The quartz albite porphyry and quartz porphyry are characterized by similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotope but lower Mg# and whole-rock (La/Yb)N ratios to the plagiogranite porphyry, suggesting they were derived from juvenile lower crust, and negative Eu anomalies suggest fractionation of plagioclase. We propose that a flat subduction that started ca. 340Ma and resulted in formation of the adakitic plagiogranite porphyry after a period of “steady” subduction, and experienced slab rollback at around 323Ma.
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•The ages of magmatism in Tuwu–Yandong district span for at least 40m.y.•Partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust generated adakitic melts.•A flat subduction started ca. 340Ma after a period of “steady” subduction, followed by slab rollback at ca. 323Ma.
At present, the COVID-19 pandemic still presents with outbreaks occasionally, and pedestrians in public areas are at risk of being infected by the viruses. In order to reduce the risk of ...cross-infection, an advanced pedestrian state sensing method for automated patrol vehicles based on multi-sensor fusion is proposed to sense pedestrian state. Firstly, the pedestrian data output by the Euclidean clustering algorithm and the YOLO V4 network are obtained, and a decision-level fusion method is adopted to improve the accuracy of pedestrian detection. Then, combined with the pedestrian detection results, we calculate the crowd density distribution based on multi-layer fusion and estimate the crowd density in the scenario according to the density distribution. In addition, once the crowd aggregates, the body temperature of the aggregated crowd is detected by a thermal infrared camera. Finally, based on the proposed method, an experiment with an automated patrol vehicle is designed to verify the accuracy and feasibility. The experimental results have shown that the mean accuracy of pedestrian detection is increased by 17.1% compared with using a single sensor. The area of crowd aggregation is divided, and the mean error of the crowd density estimation is 3.74%. The maximum error between the body temperature detection results and thermometer measurement results is less than 0.8°, and the abnormal temperature targets can be determined in the scenario, which can provide an efficient advanced pedestrian state sensing technique for the prevention and control area of an epidemic.
The filling mining method is an effective method for controlling ground stress and preventing surface subsidence in the mining field during exploitation of underground resources. Tailings can be ...utilized as the filling material, so as to realize the reuse of industrial waste. However, utilization of the traditional Portland cement as the cementing material for tailings leads to groundwater pollution. In addition, production of Portland cement results in consumption of a great amount of ore and air pollution. In this paper, a tailings cementation method by using the microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technique with immersion curing is proposed. Tailings are cemented by the MICP technique with aerobic bacteria (Sporosarcina pasteurii) under a soaked curing environment. The variable control method is applied to investigate the factors influencing the cementation effects by the MICP technique with Sporosarcina pasteurii, including the bacterial solution concentration, the cementing solution concentration, the particle size of tailings, and the curing temperature. The results indicate that: when OD.sub.600 of the Sporosarcina pasteurii solution is 1.6, the urea concentration in the cementing solution is 0.75 mol/L, the tailings are raw materials without grinding, and the curing temperature is 30°C, the cementation effect is the best. In view of uneven calcification during MICP with Sporosarcina pasteurii, mixed Sporosarcina pasteurii and Castellaniella denitrificans are used for tailings cementation. Higher strength of cemented tailings is achieved. It is proved that the MICP technique with mixed aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes is an effective method for tailings cementation.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Joint extraction model of entities and overlapping relations is proposed.•Source-target BERT, based on pre-trained model, is used to assign entity labels.•OREM, a three-step model to extract the ...unlimited number of overlapping relations.•Proposed model on two public datasets exhibits greater effectiveness.
Joint extraction of entities and overlapping relations has attracted considerable attention in recent research. Existing relation extraction methods rely on a training set that is labeled by the distant supervision method for supervised relation extraction. However, the drawbacks of these methods are that large-scale unlabeled data cannot be used and the quality of labeled data cannot be guaranteed. Moreover, owing to the relatively complex overlapping relations, it is difficult to perform joint entity-relation extraction accurately. In this study, we propose an end-to-end neural network model (BERT-JEORE) for the joint extraction of entities and overlapping relations. First, we use the BERT-based parameter-sharing layer to capture the joint features of entities and overlapping relations. Then, we implement the source-target BERT model to assign entity labels to each token in a sentence, thereby expanding the amount of labeled data and improving their quality. Finally, we design a three-step overlapping relations extraction model and use it to predict the relations between all entity pairs. Experiments conducted on two public datasets show that BERT-JEORE achieves the best current performance and outperforms the baseline models by a significant margin. Further analysis shows that our model can effectively capture different types of overlapping relational triplets in a sentence.
Polymer membranes have been used extensively for Angstrom-scale separation of solutes and molecules. However, the pore size of most polymer membranes has been considered an intrinsic membrane ...property that cannot be adjusted in operation by applied stimuli. In this work, we show that the pore size of an electrically conductive polyamide membrane can be modulated by an applied voltage in the presence of electrolyte via a mechanism called electrically induced osmotic swelling. Under applied voltage, the highly charged polyamide layer concentrates counter ions in the polymer network via Donnan equilibrium and creates a sizeable osmotic pressure to enlarge the free volume and the effective pore size. The relation between membrane potential and pore size can be quantitatively described using the extended Flory-Rehner theory with Donnan equilibrium. The ability to regulate pore size via applied voltage enables operando modulation of precise molecular separation in-situ. This study demonstrates the amazing capability of electro-regulation of membrane pore size at the Angstrom scale and unveils an important but previously overlooked mechanism of membrane-water-solute interactions.
Luminescent materials with high efficiency, narrow emission bandwidth and long emission wavelength have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, for novel luminescent carbon dots, it ...is still a major challenge to obtain these properties simultaneously. Here, this type of carbon dot was proposed using 1,4-diaminonaphthalene as the initial source. The carbon dots demonstrate strong orange emission with the highest quantum yield of 82% and an extremely narrow emission bandwidth of 30 nm. It is found that the orange emission of carbon dots is attributed to the high defect amounts including nitrogen and oxygen doping. The high carboxyl group content leads to a high efficiency and the uniform size distribution results in a narrow bandwidth. The carbon dots are used as the gain medium of a whispering gallery mode microcavity laser. A low excitation threshold of 12 kW cm
−2
and a high quality factor of ∼3600 can be obtained from the microcavity lasers. This work has provided a didactic example to develop high-quality long emission-wavelength carbon dots with strong emission and an ultra-narrow emission bandwidth, which makes it possible to expand the application of original and high-performance lasers or other optical devices.
Orange emissive carbon dots with 82% PL quantum yield and 30 nm full width at half maximum are utilized as a laser gain medium to realize whispering gallery mode solid state lasers for the first time.
