The influence of alloying elements and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical behaviors of extruded Mg–Gd–Nd ternary alloys was investigated in this study. The grain sizes dramatically ...decreased after extrusion, and the particles which distributed in Mg matrix had great effect on the grain size. The grain sizes of extruded alloys decreased from 26 to 5 μm with the alloying content increasing. The mechanical test results show that both Gd and Nd had positive effect on the hardness, yield strength and Young's modulus. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was enhanced by Gd content, decreased with Nd content. The elongation of alloys was lower with higher alloying elements. Those extruded alloys were aged for 200 h in 200 °C. The Young's moduli were decreased by ageing treatment. Combined with microstructure study, the part of the reinforcement which identified as Mg5(Gd/Nd) was dissolved in Mg matrix. Nd element obviously has influence on the solubility of Gd in Mg alloys.
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Research has long centered on the pathophysiology of pain. The Transient Receiver Potential (TRP) protein family is well known for its function in the pathophysiology of pain, and extensive study has ...been done in this area. One of the significant mechanisms of pain etiology and analgesia that lacks a systematic synthesis and review is the ERK/CREB (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/CAMP Response Element Binding Protein) pathway. The ERK/CREB pathway-targeting analgesics may also cause a variety of adverse effects that call for specialized medical care. In this review, we systematically compiled the mechanism of the ERK/CREB pathway in the process of pain and analgesia, as well as the potential adverse effects on the nervous system brought on by the inhibition of the ERK/CREB pathway in analgesic drugs, and we suggested the corresponding solutions.
For developing a continuous-wave (CW) tunable Terahertz-wave (THz-wave) source using difference-frequency generation (DFG) in highly nonlinear optical crystals, we proposed and demonstrated a ...dual-wavelength fiber ring laser system operating around 1060 nm based on wideband chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Thermo-induced phase shift along the CFBG produces a very sharp transmission spike therefore two lasing wavelengths with single longitudinal mode operation are oscillating simultaneously within the fiber ring cavity. Due to the inhomogeneous gain broadening property of SOA, the wavelength spacing of our dual-wavelength fiber laser can be continuously adjusted from 0.3 to 9.5 nm. By using this single emitter dual-wavelength fiber laser to pump an organic nonlinear DAST crystal, type-0 collinear phase matching of DFG process can be fulfilled and monochromatic THz wave ranging from 0.5 to 2 THz has been successfully generated.
High-power terahertz（THz） generation in the frequency range of 0.1-10 THz has been a fast-developing research area ever since the beginning of the THz boom two decades ago, enabling new technological ...breakthroughs in spectroscopy, communication, imaging,etc. By using optical（laser） pumping methods with near-or mid-infrared（IR） lasers, flexible and practical THz sources covering the whole THz range can be realized to overcome the shortage of electronic THz sources and now they are playing important roles in THz science and technology. This paper overviews various optically pumped THz sources, including femtosecond laser based ultrafast broadband THz generation, monochromatic widely tunable THz generation, single-mode on-chip THz source from photomixing, and the traditional powerful THz gas lasers. Full descriptions from basic principles to the latest progress are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed as well. It is expected that this review gives a comprehensive reference to researchers in this area and additionally helps newcomers to quickly gain understanding of optically pumped THz sources.
Active lenses with focal tunable properties are highly desired in the modern imaging systems from the visible to the microwaves. In this paper, we demonstrate a terahertz (THz) lens with electrically ...switchable focal length. It is composed of a large-birefringence liquid crystal (LC) layer infiltrating a dielectric metasurface. When the birefringence of LC is tuned with an external bias, the phase shift of a single meta-unit will change. With parameter sweep using the finite-different time-domain (FDTD) simulation method, meta-units with varying geometries are optimized to achieve a focal length switchable metalens. The numerical results show that the focal length can be switched between 8.3 mm and 10.5 mm at bias OFF and ON states, respectively, which is consistent with the design. A feasible fabrication procedure of the lens is further discussed. Such a device can be designed beyond the THz band to the visible or the microwaves, and may be widely applied in integrated imaging systems.
Highlights
A zero-reflection-induced phase singularity is achieved through precisely controlling the resonance characteristics using two-dimensional nanomaterials.
An atomically thin nano-layer ...having a high absorption coefficient is exploited to enhance the zero-reflection dip, which has led to the subsequent phase singularity and thus a giant lateral position shift.
We have improved the detection limit of low molecular weight molecules by more than three orders of magnitude compared to current state-of-art nanomaterial-enhanced plasmonic sensors.
Detection of small cancer biomarkers with low molecular weight and a low concentration range has always been challenging yet urgent in many clinical applications such as diagnosing early-stage cancer, monitoring treatment and detecting relapse. Here, a highly enhanced plasmonic biosensor that can overcome this challenge is developed using atomically thin two-dimensional phase change nanomaterial. By precisely engineering the configuration with atomically thin materials, the phase singularity has been successfully achieved with a significantly enhanced lateral position shift effect. Based on our knowledge, it is the first experimental demonstration of a lateral position signal change > 340 μm at a sensing interface from all optical techniques. With this enhanced plasmonic effect, the detection limit has been experimentally demonstrated to be 10
–15
mol L
−1
for TNF-α cancer marker, which has been found in various human diseases including inflammatory diseases and different kinds of cancer. The as-reported novel integration of atomically thin Ge
2
Sb
2
Te
5
with plasmonic substrate, which results in a phase singularity and thus a giant lateral position shift, enables the detection of cancer markers with low molecular weight at femtomolar level. These results will definitely hold promising potential in biomedical application and clinical diagnostics.
Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent disease with a heavy global burden. Proteomics is the systematic study of proteins and peptides to provide comprehensive descriptions. Aiming to obtain a more ...accurate and convenient clinical diagnosis, researchers are working for better biomarkers. Urine is more convenient which could reflect the change of disease at an earlier stage. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate novel diagnostic panels.
We firstly enrolled participants from China-Japan Friendship Hospital from April 2022 to November 2022, collected urine samples, and conducted an LC-MS/MS analysis. In parallel, clinical data were collected, and clinical examinations were performed. After statistical and bioinformatics analyses, significant risk factors and differential urinary proteins were determined. We attempt to investigate diagnostic panels based on machine learning including LASSO and SVM.
Fifty-seven AD patients, 43 MCI patients, and 62 CN subjects were enrolled. A total of 3366 proteins were identified, and 608 urine proteins were finally included in the analysis. There were 33 significantly differential proteins between the AD and CN groups and 15 significantly differential proteins between the MCI and CN groups. AD diagnostic panel included DDC, CTSC, EHD4, GSTA3, SLC44A4, GNS, GSTA1, ANXA4, PLD3, CTSH, HP, RPS3, CPVL, age, and APOE ε4 with an AUC of 0.9989 in the training test and 0.8824 in the test set while MCI diagnostic panel included TUBB, SUCLG2, PROCR, TCP1, ACE, FLOT2, EHD4, PROZ, C9, SERPINA3, age, and APOE ε4 with an AUC of 0.9985 in the training test and 0.8143 in the test set. Besides, diagnostic proteins were weakly correlated with cognitive functions.
In conclusion, the procedure is convenient, non-invasive, and useful for diagnosis, which could assist physicians in differentiating AD and MCI from CN.
Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent disease with a heavy global burden and is suggested to be a metabolic disease in the brain in recent years. The metabolome is considered to be the most promising ...phenotype which reflects changes in genetic, transcript, and protein profiles as well as environmental effects. Aiming to obtain a comprehensive understanding and convenient diagnosis of MCI and AD from another perspective, researchers are working on AD metabolomics. Urine is more convenient which could reflect the change of disease at an earlier stage. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate novel diagnostic panels.
We first enrolled participants from China-Japan Friendship Hospital from April 2022 to November 2022, collected urine samples and conducted an LC-MS/MS analysis. In parallel, clinical data were collected and clinical examinations were performed. After statistical and bioinformatics analyzes, significant risk factors and differential urinary metabolites were determined. We attempt to investigate diagnostic panels based on machine learning including LASSO and SVM.
Fifty-seven AD patients, 43 MCI patients and 62 CN subjects were enrolled. A total of 2,140 metabolites were identified among which 125 significantly differed between the AD and CN groups, including 46 upregulated ones and 79 downregulated ones. In parallel, there were 93 significant differential metabolites between the MCI and CN groups, including 23 upregulated ones and 70 downregulated ones. AD diagnostic panel (30 metabolites+ age + APOE) achieved an AUC of 0.9575 in the test set while MCI diagnostic panel (45 metabolites+ age + APOE) achieved an AUC of 0.7333 in the test set. Atropine, S-Methyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide, D-Mannose 6-phosphate (M6P), Spiculisporic Acid, N-Acetyl-L-methionine, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-tetranor Prostaglandin D2, Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate (PLP) and 17(S)-HpDHA were considered valuable for both AD and MCI diagnosis and defined as hub metabolites. Besides, diagnostic metabolites were weakly correlated with cognitive functions.
In conclusion, the procedure is convenient, non-invasive, and useful for diagnosis, which could assist physicians in differentiating AD and MCI from CN. Atropine, M6P and PLP were evidence-based hub metabolites in AD.
The immune response is an important part of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and is related to neurological deficits and prognosis. The mechanisms underlying the ...immune response and inflammation are of great significance for brain injury and potential functional restoration; however, the immune-related biomarkers and competing endogenous ribonucleic acid (RNA) (ceRNA) networks in the peripheral blood of ICH patients have not yet been constructed. We collected the peripheral blood from ICH patients and controls to assess their ceRNA profiles using LCHuman ceRNA microarray, and to verify their expression with qRT-PCR. Two-hundred-eleven DElncRNAs and one-hundred-one DEmRNAs were detected in the ceRNA microarray of ICH patients. The results of functional enrichment analysis showed that the immune response was an important part of the pathological process of ICH. Twelve lncRNAs, ten miRNAs, and seven mRNAs were present in our constructed immune-related ceRNA network, combining weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Our study was the first to establish the network of the immune-related ceRNAs derived from WGCNA, and to identify leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and B cell lymphoma 2-like 13 (BCL2L13) as pivotal immune-related biomarkers in the peripheral blood of ICH patients, which are likely associated with PI3K-Akt, the MAPK signaling pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation. The MOXD2P-miR-211-3p -LIF and LINC00299-miR-198-BCL2L13 axes were indicated to participate in the immune regulatory mechanism of ICH. The goal of our study was to offer innovative insights into the underlying immune regulatory mechanism and to identify possible immune intervention targets for ICH.
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