The white-spotted flower chafer (WSFC), Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis, is native to East Asia. Although their larvae are considered a potential resource insect for degrading plant residues, producing ...protein fodder, and processing to traditional medicine, adult WSFCs inflict damage to dozens of fruit and economic crops. The control of the WSFC still relies heavily on pesticides and the inefficient manual extraction of adults. Here, we report the identification and evaluation of the aggregation pheromone of WSFCs. From the headspace volatiles emitted from WSFC adults, anisole, 4-methylanisole, 2-heptanone and 2-nonanone were identified as WSFC-specific components. However, only anisole and 4-methylanisole elicited positive dose-response relationship in electroantennography tests, and only 4-methylanisole significantly attracted WSFCs of both sexes in olfactometer bioassays and field experiments. These results concluded that 4-methylanisole is the aggregation pheromone of WSFCs. Furthermore, we developed polyethylene vials as long-term dispensers of 4-methylanisole to attract and kill WSFCs. The polyethylene vial lures could effectively attracted WSFCs for more than four weeks. Pheromone-based lures can be developed as an environmentally friendly protocol for monitoring and controlling WSFC adults.
Low electrical conductivity severely limits the application of Fe2O3 in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries. In respect of this, we design and fabricate Fe2O3/Fe3O4 nano-aggregates anchored on ...nitrogen-doped graphene as an anode for sodium-ion batteries with the assistance of microwave plasma. The highly conductive Fe3O4 in the composite can function as a highway of electron transport, and the voids and phase boundaries in the Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterostructure facilitate Na+ ion diffusion into the nano-aggregates. Furthermore, the Fe–O–C bonds between the nano-aggregates and graphene not only stabilize the structural integrity, but also enhance the charge transfer. Consequently, the Fe2O3/Fe3O4/NG anode exhibits specific capacity up to 362 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, excellent rate capability, and stable long-term cycling performance. This multi-component-based heterostructure design can be used in anode materials for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, and potential opens a new path for energy storage electrodes.
The integrated use of plant-derived volatile attractants and synthetic insecticides in attract-and-kill programs is a useful tool for integrated pest management programs reducing pesticide input. ...Efficient alternative insecticides are critically needed to replace methomyl, which has been banned on cruciferous vegetables in China because it is also highly toxic to nontarget organisms. In the present study, among 15 commonly used insecticides were screened for toxicity against
moths, where chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, and emamectin benzoate was found to have the highest levels of toxicity (LC
of 0.56, 3.85, and 6.03 mg a.i. L
respectively). After exposure to the low lethal concentration LC
of chlorantraniliprole, fecundity of the moths was substantially reduced. Egg-hatching was lower for LC
- and LC
-treated moth pairs than for untreated control pairs. Net reproductive rate (
), intrinsic rate of increase (
), and finite rate of increase (
) were significantly reduced in LC
♀ × LC
♂ cohorts. Larval mortality was significantly higher in subsequent generations in pairs of LC
-treated moths. Chlorantraniliprole, which was most toxic and had significant sublethal effects on moths, can be used as an alternative insecticide to methomyl in the attracticide for controlling
moths, and the LC
indicated a high potential for efficacy in the control
through attract-and-kill schemes.
Developing high-energy cathode for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) that enables 3-electron reaction is the most effective way to reduce high cost and solve range anxiety and safety hazards. Here, a novel ...NASICON-type Na4MnCr(PO4)3 (NMCP) is synthesized as a high-energy cathode for SIBs. The as-prepared 6.4 wt% carbon-coated NMCP (NMCP@C) cathode annealed at 700 °C delivers a discharge capacity of 107.3 mA h g−1@0.1C, high rate capability up to 15C, and well capacity retention of 69.3% after 500 cycles at 5C within 1.4 ~ 4.3 V. Meanwhile, it also provides an exciting reversible capacity of 164.3 mA h g−1@0.1C within 1.4 ~ 4.6 V and an ultrahigh energy density of 523.6 Wh kg−1. Moreover, high sodium ion diffusion coefficients (DNa+, 10−12 ~ 10−9 cm2 s−1) demonstrate the superior electrode process kinetics, and both solid solution and 2-phase reactions are involved in the sodium ion extraction/insertion process through ex situ x-ray diffraction analyses. Na3.3La0.3Zr1.7Si2PO12 with 3 wt% Na2B4O7 additive (NLZSP(NBO3)) ceramic electrolyte is utilized to assemble NMCP@C//NLZSP(NBO3)//Na solid-state sodium metal batteries for the first time, which reveals an initial discharge capacity of 99.1 mA h g−1 (1.4 ~ 4.3 V) and 121.7 mA h g−1 (1.4 ~ 4.6 V) at 0.1C and an excellent cycling performance (capacity retention of 75.8%/72.6% after 100 cycles at 0.2C) at 30 °C. All these confirm that NMCP@C is a high-energy cathode with great practical potential for all-solid-state SIBs.
Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera, Phylloxeridae), is a very destructive insect pest of grapevines. Intercropping of Achyranthes bidentata Blume (f. Amaranthaceae) and ...Vitis spp. grapevines can be useful to control this pest. In the present study, the toxicity of 22 compounds, known to be present in A. bidentata, to grape phylloxera was evaluated. All treatments were toxic towards grape phylloxera but the degree of toxicity differed between treatments. Among the 22 tested compounds, several of which proved toxic towards grape phylloxera. However β-ecdysterone had higher toxic effects against grape phylloxera, with LC50 values of 175.73 mg a.i. liter-1. In addition, we assessed the sublethal effects of LC10, LC20 and LC40 of β-ecdysterone on grape phylloxera. The fourth instar and adult developmental periods and total life span were significantly prolonged by LC40 of β-ecdysterone. Fecundity decreased when grape phylloxera were exposed to LC20 and LC40 of β-ecdysterone. In addition, LC40 of β-ecdysterone decreased the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (λ) and prolonged the population doubling time (DT). The net reproductive rate (R0) was significantly reduced by both the LC20 and LC40 β-ecdysterone treatments. Our results demonstrated that β-ecdysterone had higher toxic effects and significant sublethal effects on grape phylloxera, and showed potential control of grape phylloxera.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pestalotiopsis-like fungi are an important plant pathogenic genus causing postharvest fruit rot and trunk diseases in grapevine in many countries. Pestalotiopsis-like fungi diseases were studied in ...vineyards in nine provinces across China. Multi-gene (ITS, β-tubulin and tef1) analysis coupled with morphology showed that a Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola are associated in causing grapevine fruit rot and trunk diseases in China. Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola is reported as the causative agent of grapevine diseases in the world for the first time. Neopestalotiopsis sp. caused significantly longer lesions than the other taxon present. This study represents the first attempt to identify and characterize the Pestalotiopsis-like fungi causing grapevine diseases in China using both morphological and molecular approaches.
Anomaly detection is an essential but challenging task. Existing DNN-based approaches tend to ignore the impact of network history state on extracting spatio-temporal correlations between video ...events. To address this problem, a Dual-Stream Memory Network (DSM-Net) has been proposed. It leverages historical information from the network to create a dual-stream memory module serving as complementary knowledge for the anomaly detection network. The memory module performs writing and reading in the form of a queue of data features. The writing records the historic information of video events through a moving average encoder, and the reading uses optical flow to uncover behavioral patterns in RGB images. Using a memory sharing strategy, the semantic information of the appearance branch and the motion branch can be integrated to reinforce the network. Results demonstrate that the proposed method on various standard datasets performs favorably when compared to existing methods.
•Dual-stream memory network (DSM-Net) is proposed to learn the temporal correlation.•A dual-stream memory module is introduced to record the history of normal cases.•A sharing strategy is proposed to integrate the high-level semantic information.•Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate DSM-Net’s effectiveness.
Interfaces of metal oxide heterojunctions display a variety of intriguing physical properties that enable novel applications in spintronics, quantum information, neuromorphic computing, and ...high‐temperature superconductivity. One such LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterojunction hosts a 2D electron liquid (2DEL) presenting remarkable 2D superconductivity and magnetism. However, these remarkable properties emerge only at very low temperatures, while the heterostructure fabrication is challenging even at the laboratory scale, thus impeding practical applications. Here, a novel plasma‐enabled fabrication concept is presented to develop the TiO2/Ti3O4 hetero‐phase bilayer with a 2DEL that exhibits features of a weakly localized Fermi liquid even at room temperature. The hetero‐phase bilayer is fabricated by applying a rapid plasma‐induced phase transition that transforms a specific portion of anatase TiO2 thin film into vacancy‐prone Ti3O4 in seconds. The underlying mechanism relies on the screening effect of the achieved high‐density electron liquid that suppresses the electron‐phonon interactions. The achieved “adiabatic” electron transport in the hetero‐phase bilayer offers strong potential for low‐loss electric or plasmonic circuits and hot electron harvesting and utilization. These findings open new horizons for fabricating diverse multifunctional metal oxide heterostructures as an innovative platform for emerging clean energy, integrated photonics, spintronics, and quantum information technologies.
A new non‐thermal plasma method is used to fabricate a TiO2/Ti3O4 hetero‐phase bilayer in just seconds. The high‐concentration electron gas at the heterointerface condenses into 2D electron liquid (2DEL) at room temperature. The 2DEL shields the scattering between electrons and phonons, allowing electrons to flow “adiabatically”. These features are suitable for low‐loss electronics or plasmonics and hot electron utilization.
A central role in the variational principle of the measure preserving transformations is played by the topological pressure. We introduce subadditive pre-image topological pressure and pre-image ...measure-theoretic entropy properly for the random bundle transformations on a class of measurable subsets. On the basis of these notions, we are able to complete the subadditive pre-image variational principle under relatively weak conditions for the bundle random dynamical systems.
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