Abstract Despite decades of development, the uptake of remote sensing-based information products in the forestry sector is still lagging behind in central and southern Europe. This may partly relate ...to a mismatch of the developed remote sensing products and the requirements of potential users. Here, we present the results of a questionnaire survey in which we questioned 355 forest practitioners from eight central and southern European countries. We aimed to learn about forest practitioners' technical requirements for four remote sensing-based information products, including information on tree species, canopy height, wood volume/biomass, and forest disturbances. We asked for practitioners’ preferences with respect to thematic and spatial detail as well as the maximal acceptable error and the temporal frequency with which the information layers would be needed. We then examined whether the education, age, and professional background affect the requirements. Preferences with respect to spatial and thematic detail were comparably diverse while more homogenous patterns could be observed for demands with respect to errors and temporal frequency. Our results indicate that for some information products such as canopy height maps, existing remote sensing technology, and workflows can match all demands of practitioners. Remotely sensed information on forest disturbances partly fulfils the demands of the practitioners while for products related to tree species and wood volume/biomass the level of thematic detail and the accuracy of the products demanded by practitioners in central and southern Europe is not yet fully matched. We found no statistically significant differences between the demographic groups examined. The findings of this study improve our understanding of matches and mismatches of the technical requirements of practitioners for remote sensing-based information products.
A straightforward procedure for direct mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of spots from thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates, without the need of an external ion source, was developed using the ...aluminum plate backing as spray tip. The spots were cut out shaped as a tip with a 60° angle, mounted in front of the MS orifice, and after addition of a spray solvent spectra were obtained immediately. A high-resolution time-of-flight MS was used since the method is of particular interest for rapid identification or confirmation of spots from TLC plates. The practical benefits of this technique were demonstrated by detection of by-products of organic reactions, by identification of degradation products, and by accurate confirmation of spots when UV filters in sunscreens were analyzed by TLC. Employing the described method TLC spots can be evaluated fast without the need of an external ion source or devices for analyte transfer from TLC to MS, only a basic MS instrument and a high-voltage power supply is required.
Figure
Photograph of the thin layer chromatography-spray mass spectrometry instrumental setup
The use of carbonyl-stabilised ammonium ylides to access chiral glycidic amides and the corresponding aziridines has so far been limited to racemic trans-selective protocols. We herein report the ...development of an asymmetric approach to access such compounds with high levels of stereoselectivity using easily accessible chiral auxiliary-based ammonium ylides. The use of phenylglycinol as the chiral auxiliary was found to be superior to Evans or pseudoephedrine-based auxiliaries resulting in good to excellent stereoselectivities in both, epoxidation and aziridination reactions.
Purpose: Malignant glial brain tumors consistently overexpress neurokinin type 1 receptors. In classic seed-based brachytherapy, one
to several rigid 125 I seeds are inserted, mainly for the ...treatment of small low-grade gliomas. The complex geometry of rapidly proliferating high-grade
gliomas requires a diffusible system targeting tumor-associated surface structures to saturate the tumor, including its margins.
Experimental Design: We developed a new targeting vector by conjugating the chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-glutaric acid-4,7,10-triacetic
acid to Arg 1 of substance P, generating a radiopharmaceutical with a molecular weight of 1,806 Da and an IC 50 of 0.88 ± 0.34 nmol/L. Cell biological studies were done with glioblastoma cell lines. neurokinin type-1 receptor (NK1R)
autoradiography was done with 58 tumor biopsies. For labeling, 90 Y was mostly used. To reduce the “cross-fire effect” in critically located tumors, 177 Lut and 213 Bi were used instead. In a pilot study, we assessed feasibility, biodistribution, and early and long-term toxicity following
i.t. injection of radiolabeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-glutaric acid-4,7,10-triacetic acid substance P in 14 glioblastoma
and six glioma patients of WHO grades 2 to 3.
Results: Autoradiography disclosed overexpression of NK1R in 55 of 58 gliomas of WHO grades 2 to 4. Internalization of the peptidic
vector was found to be specific. Clinically, the radiopharmeutical was distributed according to tumor geometry. Only transient
toxicity was seen as symptomatic radiogenic edema in one patient (observation period, 7-66 months). Disease stabilization
and/or improved neurologic status was observed in 13 of 20 patients. Secondary resection disclosed widespread radiation necrosis
with improved demarcation.
Conclusions: Targeted radiotherapy using diffusible peptidic vectors represents an innovative strategy for local control of malignant
gliomas, which will be further assessed as a neoadjuvant approach.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of perioperative fluid management and administration of vasopressors on early surgical revision and flap-related complications in free ...tissue transfer.
Materials and methods
Intraoperative amount of fluid and of vasopressors, relevant perioperative parameters, and comorbidities were recorded in 131 patients undergoing head and neck microvascular reconstruction and compared with early surgical complications, defined as interventions requiring surgery after a flap-related complication, and/or other surgical problems in the operating room within 30 days after initial surgery. The relationship between perioperative variables for each revision category was determined using an optimized multiple logistic regression.
Results
The administration of diuretics (
p
=0.001) as a treatment for perioperative fluid overload and the type of flap (
p
=0.019) was associated with a higher risk of early surgical revisions. Perioperative fluid overload (
p
=0.039) is significantly related to flap-related complications. We found no effect of intraoperative administration of vasopressors on early surgical revisions (
p
=0.8) or on flap-related complications (norepinephrine
p
=0.6, dobutamine
p
=0.5).
Conclusion
Perioperative fluid overload is associated with higher risks of early surgical revision and flap-related complications. In contrast, the administration of vasopressors seemed to have no effect on either surgical revision rate or flap-related complications.
Clinical relevance
In patients receiving microvascular reconstructions, a balanced fluid administration perioperatively and a targeted use of vasopressors should be the necessary strategy to reduce the complication rates in head and neck surgery.
HOchwasserRisikozonierung Austria 3.0 (HORA 3.0) Blöschl, Günter; Waser, Jürgen; Buttinger-Kreuzhuber, Andreas ...
Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft,
2022/6, Letnik:
74, Številka:
5-6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Konzeption und die methodischen Schritte des Projekts HORA 3.0, in dem Hochwasserrisikoflächen für ganz Österreich berechnet wurden. Die ...Analyseschritte umfassen: Qualitätskontrolle und Korrektur des Gewässernetzes und der Einzugsgebietsgrenzen; Berechnung der Abflussscheitel und Frachten gegebener Jährlichkeit; Erstellung eines digitalen Höhenmodells, das mit allen relevanten Hochwasserinformationen, einschließlich der Flussbettgeometrie, übereinstimmt; instationäre, zweidimensionale Simulation der Überflutungsflächen mit konsistenter Jährlichkeit. In jedem Schritt werden automatische und manuelle Verfahren kombiniert, um die lokalen hydrologischen und hydraulischen Bedingungen in einem bundesweiten Projekt möglichst zutreffend abzubilden. Die Hochwasserrisikoflächen mit einer Auflösung von 2 m für eine Gesamtflusslänge von 32.000 km sind bereits auf der HORA-Plattform (
www.hora.gv.at
) veröffentlicht. Das entwickelte Instrumentarium kann für weiterführende Projekte verwendet werden, wie z. B. für Visualisierungen, Schadensauswertungen und in Zukunft für die Berechnung pluvialer Hochwassergefahren.
Several hole-doped BaFe sub(2)As sub(2) compounds were recently shown to exhibit a second magnetic phase transition in the concentration range close to the full suppression of antiferromagnetic (AFM) ...order. At this additional transition ordered magnetic moments reorient from in-plane to out-of-plane alignment associated with a suppression of the orthorhombic distortion. We have studied the magnetic properties of such a representative hole-doped system, Ba sub(1-x)Na sub(x)Fe sub(2)As sub(2) with 0.25 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.40, by neutron diffraction on large single crystals. With increasing Na substitution (0.25 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.39) the AFM transition temperature sharply decreases, while the spin-reorientation transition temperature is rather constant, until both magnetic phases are completely suppressed at x=0.40. For all studied Na concentrations the additional transition is related to the spin reorientation, which, however, is complete only in the middle of the concentration range of the out-of-plane phase. In the superconducting state, the intensities of magnetic Bragg reflections become heavily suppressed; this effect seems to increase for larger T sub(c) and reaches 50% in Ba sub(0.61)Na sub(0.39)Fe sub(2)As sub(2). In samples with coexisting in-plane and out-of-plane ordering, this superconductivity induced suppression of ordered moments is significantly stronger for the out-of-plane components indicating that this phase more strongly competes with superconductivity.
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