...the definition used for a haemorrhagic event seems implicit as it goes from a clinically lesser serious case, such as bleeding responsible for haemoglobin (Hb) drop > 1 g/dL/24h, to that causing ...life-threatening complications such as cerebral haemorrhage or requiring interventional haemostatic procedures which are considered as critical and urgent conditions. Having said that, patients with a Hb drop > 1 g/dL/24h and those with life-threatening complications due to bleeding would have different outcomes and prognoses. ...it could be more precise and better understandable for the readers if a further subgroup analysis among those haemorrhagic events was carried out. ...the study found that the presence of purpura at admission had a statistically significant association with the risk of bleeding during ICU stay.
Diarrhea is the second leading cause of under-five mortality and globally accounts for 526,000 child deaths every year. Afghanistan, with 33,000 child deaths in 2012, was ranked 8
among nations, with ...the highest under-five deaths being from pneumonia and diarrhea. This study aimed to identify the determinants of diarrhea in children under the age of five in Afghanistan. A secondary data analysis of the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AfDHS) 2015 was focused on diarrhea in children under the age of five. The dataset of the AfDHS 2015 was used for the analysis. The subjects for this study were 30,238 under-five children. A logistic regression model was applied to examine the determinants of childhood diarrhea. This study found that 7,921 (26.2%) out of 30,238 under-five children had diarrhea within the two weeks preceding the survey. Higher maternal education accompanied a lower risk of childhood diarrhea with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.70 (
<0.01) than did no education. Flush toilets (AOR=0.84,
<0.01) and traditional dry vaults (AOR=0.83,
<0.001) were less likely associated with diarrhea compared with pit latrines. Tube wells, public taps, and unprotected wells and springs were sources of drinking water with a higher risk of diarrhea than piped water. This study identified that the type of toilet facility, source of drinking water, age of the child, and maternal education were important determinants of under-five diarrhea. Intervention programs concerning improved sanitation facilities, sources of drinking water, and raising women's level of education and health awareness are important.
