We present our analysis on high energy hadron–hadron scattering in the framework of the holographic QCD. Combining the Brower–Polchinski–Strassler–Tan Pomeron exchange kernel and gravitational form ...factors of the involved hadrons which are obtained by using the bottom-up AdS/QCD models in the five-dimensional AdS space, we calculate the total cross sections at high energies. We show that our calculations for the nucleon–nucleon scattering agree with the experimental data including the recent ones taken by the TOTEM collaboration at the LHC. The present framework is applicable to any high energy process, in which the strong interaction can be approximated by the Pomeron exchange. We present the results for the pion–nucleon and pion–pion scattering as examples, which can be obtained without any additional parameter because all the adjustable parameters are fixed via the analysis on the nucleon–nucleon scattering. The resulting total cross section ratios are σtotπN/σtotNN=0.63 and σtotππ/σtotNN=0.45, respectively.
A facile fabrication of high-performance flexible all-solid-state carbon micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with highly improved energy and power densities is demonstrated by laser direct writing on ...polyimide films using a 405nm blue–violet semiconductor laser in an Ar atmosphere. The capacitive performance was significantly improved by changing the laser irradiation atmosphere from air to an inert atmosphere of Ar gas. The improvements were attributed to a better conductivity, larger surface area, and a narrower pore distribution of the carbon electrodes fabricated in Ar. The MSC performance can be further improved by air-plasma treatment which improves the interfacial contact between the carbon structures and the electrolyte. Moreover, the MSCs showed excellent cycling stability, good flexibility, and the capability of operating at high energies and voltages when connecting MSCs in series or parallel arrangements. The MSCs can act as energy storage units and stabilizers in self-powered systems in combination with commercial solar panels. Furthermore, an on-chip self-powered UV-light detection system with a high on/off ratio and fast response was demonstrated by combining a commercial solar panel with an in-plane integrated circuit comprising an MSC and a ZnO nanoparticles-based photodetector prepared by a one-step laser direct writing process.
High-performance flexible all-solid-state carbon micro-supercapacitors were fabricated by laser direct writing in Ar on polyimide sheets for an on-chip integrated photodetecting system. Display omitted
•Laser direct writing in Ar produces high-performance micro-supercapactors.•Air-plasma etching improves the performance of the micro-supercapacitor.•Micro-supercapacitor acts as the effective energy storage unit and stabilizer.•On-chip integrated self-powered photodetecting system is demonstrated.
Wagyu cattle are originated from native Japanese breeds, which have evolved by adapting to the unique climate and environment of Japan. Since the modern beef-eating culture started to flourish in ...Japan in the 1860s, Wagyu has been improved for higher quality beef to satisfy the taste preferences of Japanese consumers. The most noticeable characteristic of Wagyu beef is its intense marbling. The high intramuscular fat (IMF) content improves the texture, juiciness and thereby the overall palatability. In addition, the composition of the fat in Wagyu is considerably different from that in other beef breeds. Characteristic Wagyu beef aroma gives sweet and fatty sensation. Wagyu beef is also valued for its high traceability and uniformity guaranteed because of the nationwide standards for beef carcass and trading. Although Wagyu producers are currently facing issues regarding calf production, Wagyu beef is increasingly being exported to the global market and creating new market value as one of the world's most luxury food products.
Portable and wearable devices have attracted wide research attention due to their intimate relations with human daily life. As basic structures in the devices, the preparation of high-conductive ...metallic circuits or micro-circuits on flexible substrates should be facile, cost-effective, and easily integrated with other electronic units. In this work, high-conductive carbon/Ni composite structures were prepared by using a facile laser direct writing method, followed by an electroless Ni plating process, which exhibit a 3-order lower sheet resistance of less than 0.1 ohm/sq compared to original structures before plating, showing the potential for practical use. The carbon/Ni composite structures exhibited a certain flexibility and excellent anti-scratch property due to the tight deposition of Ni layers on carbon surfaces. On the basis of this approach, a wireless charging and storage device on a polyimide film was demonstrated by integrating an outer rectangle carbon/Ni composite coil for harvesting electromagnetic waves and an inner carbon micro-supercapacitor for energy storage, which can be fast charged wirelessly by a commercial wireless charger. Furthermore, a near-field communication (NFC) tag was prepared by combining a carbon/Ni composite coil for harvesting signals and a commercial IC chip for data storage, which can be used as an NFC tag for practical application.
A facile and cost-effective method for the fabrication of all-solid-state flexible carbon micro-supercapacitors (MSC) was demonstrated by laser direct writing on polyimide (PI) sheets with a compact ...and low-cost 405 nm semiconductor blue-violet laser, the beam of which was almost totally absorbed in the PI sheet. The obtained MSCs exhibit high performances due to the hierarchical porous structures and large thickness. Furthermore, surface treatment by air-plasma etching was employed to improve the contact interface between the carbon structures and the electrolyte, which may also influence pore structures, thus largely enhancing the MSC performance. The typical MSCs after plasma treatment for 100 s show an improved specific capacitance as high as 18.3 mF cm-2 at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1 and 31.9 mF cm-2 at a current density of 0.05 mA cm-2, both of which are higher than most of the carbon material-based MSCs reported till now. Moreover, the MSCs show good flexibility, long-time cycle stability, as well as temperature tolerance up to 80 degree C. In addition, the voltage and capacitance can be scaled up by simply connecting a single MSC in series, parallel or both. The facile fabrication, low cost, and good performance make carbon-based MSCs fabricated by semiconductor laser direct writing promising candidates for on-chip energy storage devices.
We investigate the nucleon and pion gluon distribution functions in the framework of holographic QCD, focusing on the small Bjorken x region. Based on an approximate relation, the gluon distributions ...are extracted from structure functions of the unpolarized deep inelastic scattering which can be calculated with a holographic QCD model, assuming the Pomeron exchange. All the adjustable parameters of the model are determined with the HERA data of the proton structure functions. We explicitly show that the extracted proton gluon distribution is consistent with results of the recent global QCD analysis. The structure functions of the pion can be computed without any additional parameter, which enables us to predict its gluon distribution also. We find that the resulting pion gluon density is smaller than the proton's, and agrees with the recent global QCD analysis result within the uncertainties.
This paper reports a fast and highly sensitive all-graphene humidity sensor working in a novel alternating current (ac) detection mode for the first time, which is capable of sensing humidity on a ...smartphone for portable electronics. The humidity sensor is based on an interdigitated reduced graphene oxide/graphene oxide/rGO (rGO/GO/rGO) structure patterned by a facile laser direct writing method. It works in an ac sensing mode with a rectangular input voltage wave and measures the output voltage wave instead of conventional resistance, impedance, or capacitance, exhibiting a dramatically enhanced sensitivity by about 45 times compared to the low and unstable response in dc mode. The humidity sensor shows an obvious response to the relative humidity (RH) ranging from RH 6.3% to RH 100%. The response and recovery toward humidity change are almost instantaneous, and the corresponding costed times including humidity rise and decay times are less than 1.9 and 3.9 s, respectively, which are among the best results in the literature. The sensor also exhibits outstanding cycling stability, flexibility, and long-term stability (>1 year), as well as good reproducibility of device preparation. Besides, it can be easily connected to an iPhone and the humidity sensing can be conducted with an oscilloscope application on iOS. What’s more, an electronic circuit simulation method was employed to fit the output waves, which can not only explain the sensing mechanism, but also determine the resistance and capacitance of the rGO/GO/rGO structure, agreeing well with the results obtained from the electrochemical measurements. It can be reasonably expected that the approach combining humidity sensing and electronic circuit simulation can be applied in real-time monitoring on a smartphone based on the Internet of things and big data technologies.
Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive study on the similarities and differences between infectious disease control in public health and various population management approaches, including ...fisheries resource management, wildlife management, and integrated pest management in agriculture. We aim to identify key strategies, and potential synergies that can contribute to the development of population management strategies within these domains. For example, scientists provide options but leave policy making itself to stakeholders, choose monitoring indicators with as little time lag or change thresholds between increasing and decreasing phases to account for time lag, consider economic feasibility, and clarify accountability, which are common to all fields. There are many elements to incorporate methods from other fields while making use of the accumulation gained in each field.
We investigate the elastic photon-proton and photon-photon scattering in a holographic QCD model, focusing on the Regge regime. Considering contributions of the Pomeron and Reggeon exchange, the ...total and differential cross sections are calculated. While our model involves several parameters, by virtue of the universality of the Pomeron and Reggeon, for most of them the values determined in the preceding study on the proton-proton and proton-antiproton scattering can be employed. Once the two adjustable parameters, the Pomeron-photon and Reggeon-photon coupling constant, are determined with the experimental data of the total cross sections, predicting the both cross sections in a wide kinematic region, from the GeV to TeV scale, becomes possible. We show that the total cross section data can be well described within the model, and our predictions for the photon-proton differential cross section are consistent with the data.
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