Summary Encephalitis is a severe inflammatory disorder of the brain with many possible causes and a complex differential diagnosis. Advances in autoimmune encephalitis research in the past 10 years ...have led to the identification of new syndromes and biomarkers that have transformed the diagnostic approach to these disorders. However, existing criteria for autoimmune encephalitis are too reliant on antibody testing and response to immunotherapy, which might delay the diagnosis. We reviewed the literature and gathered the experience of a team of experts with the aims of developing a practical, syndrome-based diagnostic approach to autoimmune encephalitis and providing guidelines to navigate through the differential diagnosis. Because autoantibody test results and response to therapy are not available at disease onset, we based the initial diagnostic approach on neurological assessment and conventional tests that are accessible to most clinicians. Through logical differential diagnosis, levels of evidence for autoimmune encephalitis (possible, probable, or definite) are achieved, which can lead to prompt immunotherapy.
This study aimed to characterise both neuronal autoantibodies and levels of interferon α, two proposed causative agents in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Cerebrospinal fluid ...(CSF) and plasma from 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 15 with NPSLE) showed no antibodies against natively expressed N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs), or the surface of live hippocampal neurons. By comparison to controls (n = 104), patients with SLE had antibodies that bound to a peptide representing the extracellular domain of NMDARs (p < 0.0001), however, binding was retained against both rearranged peptides and no peptide (r = 0.85 and r = 0.79, respectively, p < 0.0001). In summary, neuronal‐surface reactive antibodies were not detected in NPSLE. Further, while interferon α levels were higher in SLE (p < 0.0001), they lacked specificity for NPSLE. Our findings mandate a search for novel biomarkers in this condition. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1244–1250
Abstract The objective of this study was to compare nutrient intake of two 24-hour recalls collected using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall to a 4-day food record. A convenience ...sample of university-affiliated adults was chosen because of the diverse population at this university. Ninety-three participants completed the 4-day record and were then prompted to complete two 24-hour recalls within 2 weeks after. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for nutrient intake and Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005), a summary measure of diet quality. Nutrients and HEI-2005 were also divided into quartiles and percent agreement and κ values were calculated. Results indicated that mean nutrient intakes were similar across the recall and record. Pearson correlations comparing the record and recall ranged from 0.16 to 0.78; with most correlations being between 0.4 and 0.6. For quartiles of dietary intake, percent agreement was moderately high (62.6% to 79.8%), with low to moderate κ values (κ=0.11 to 0.52). The 24-hour recall provided a good overall ranking of intake compared to a 4-day food record. Overall correlations and percent agreement were moderate across the nutrients and HEI-2005, suggesting that the 24-recalls may have been capturing different information than the food record in our population. Individual researchers will need to weigh the benefits of a more automated system, such as efficiency, against the potential loss of food item detail and potential need for larger sample sizes, for their particular study populations.
Two cases of a rare variant of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor encompassed by a prominent reactive cemento-osseous proliferation are reported. This unique variant of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor has ...only been seen twice in the authors' collective experience. Literature documenting the histopathologic patterns of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and the occurrence of other combined lesions other is reviewed and discussed.
Statement of problem A key factor of a successful facial prosthesis is the retention of the prosthesis to the patient's skin, especially when there is no mechanical means and the retention depends ...primarily on medical skin adhesives. Studies determining which medical adhesives provide the best bond strength for maxillofacial prostheses are needed. Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify the force required to detach strips of Silastic Adhesive A/MDX4-4210 silicone elastomer with a urethane liner (A/M-U) and experimental chlorinated polyethylene elastomer (CPE) from the skin of human subjects coated with a protective dressing using 1 of 2 medical adhesives. Material and methods With IRB approval, 8 A/M-U and CPE rubber strips (total of 208) were applied in a predetermined random order to the left and right ventral forearms of 26 human subjects. Skin-Prep Protective Dressing (SP) was applied to half of the sites just before Epithane-3 (E3) and Secure Medical Adhesive (SMA) were used to adhere the strips. Strips were peeled 6 hours later in a universal testing machine at 10 cm/min. Data are reported in newton/meter (N/m). The data was compared using a 3-way, within-groups, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the Fisher exact test (α=.05). Values for N/m under various conditions relating to the subjects were compared by the Tukey HSD Test for unequal N (α=.05). Data are reported as mean (SD). Results Statistical analysis revealed no differences (mean (SD)) and no significant interactions between the independent variables (A/M-U = 94.6 (62.1) and CPE = 98.4 (69.6) N/m, SP = 93.0 (58.8) and no SP = 99.8 (72.1) N/m, E3 = 97.6 (69.8) and SMA = 95.3 (61.8) N/m; P =.984). Debonding occurred at the skin interface for both adhesives, as evidenced by residue on prosthetic materials (Fisher exact test; P <.005). Conclusions The adhesive bond strengths of both SMA and E3, with and without the presence of SP, were not significantly different between A/M-U and CPE maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Adhesive failure occurred at the skin interface. (J Prosthet Dent 2008;99:483-488)
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