The rapidly growing field of digital meal delivery platforms has transformed the out of home (OOH) food environment, presenting both opportunities and challenges for public health. This paper ...introduces the development and potential of a novel digital platform designed for monitoring the OOH food environment. Drawing on publicly available data from meal delivery applications, this platform provides valuable insights into the landscape of digital food offerings, such as the most common restaurants per region, average caloric content per meal type, and energy value per monetary unit. This research addresses the current void in regulations for this digital environment, particularly around food labeling and provision of nutrition information. Even though the platform has significantly improved our understanding of the digital food ecosystem, it highlights gaps, primarily due to the lack of publicly available individual data and inconsistencies in provided information. Despite these challenges, the proposed digital platform holds considerable promise for better understanding the digital food environment, supporting healthier food choices, and informing future policy interventions aimed at regulating the online food environment. This research advocates for mandatory regulations in the digital food sector to ensure comprehensive, comparable, and transparent nutrition information and equality in access to nutritious foods.
•Restricted licensing is an underutilized tool to improve road safety among older drivers.•Restricted licensing may be effective at reducing crash risk among older drivers.•Restricted licensing is ...most effective for older drivers requiring few driving restrictions.
As the Canadian population ages, there is an urgent need to identify evidence-informed strategies that have the potential to enhance older adults’ safety and independent mobility. Previous research has demonstrated the positive impact of continued independent mobility on older adults’ quality of life, through improvements in health, and community engagement. Restricted driver licensing policies have been mandated in several countries, with the goal of facilitating traffic safety and independent mobility for older drivers. Studies testing the effectiveness of these policies have produced mixed findings; a systematic examination of the impact of restricted driver licensing policies on reducing morbidity and mortality among senior drivers is warranted.
The objectives of this study were to examine if restricted driver licenses are more effective than unrestricted driver licenses in (1) reducing crashes; (2) reducing traffic violations; and (3) facilitating continued independent mobility for older drivers.
A systematic review was completed. A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted to identify all literature related to restricted driver license policies. A total of 3331 abstracts and 39 full text articles were reviewed. Seven papers met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for quality and risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All seven studies reported motor vehicle collisions as the primary outcome, which included more than 2.1 million participants with or without a driving restriction. The search resulted in a heterogeneous set of included studies, meaning that meta-analysis was not appropriate. A narrative interpretation and discussion of the seven individual studies is presented.
Results demonstrated that restricted driver licensing may be effective at reducing crash risk for older drivers who have few health conditions, and those requiring few driving restrictions. It was noted that medically-restricted drivers incur fewer traffic violations than non-restricted drivers, or drivers with non-medical restrictions. Overall, evidence on both crash risk and traffic violations yielded mixed, yet promising results.
Only one included study assessed the impact of restricted licenses on older adults’ independent mobility, with results indicating a positive impact. A major limitation of this body of research is a failure to consider if, and how, restricted licenses facilitate older adults’ independent mobility.
Restricted driver licensing has the potential to improve traffic safety among the general population and positively impact independent mobility of older Canadians. Efforts should be focused on providing education to health care professionals and motor vehicle licensing authorities on this topic, so that they may advise their clients appropriately, and avoid making premature driving cessation recommendations. Moving forward, more evidence is needed on the direct impact of restricted licensing on older adults’ independent mobility and, more generally, quality of life.
Supporting older drivers to safely remain independent and engaged in the community has positive impacts on all strata of society. Restricted licensing is one approach that has the potential to promote road safety for all and contribute to improved quality of life for older adults.
Implementing 5G-enabled Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) intelligent transportation systems presents a promising opportunity to enhance road safety and traffic flow while facilitating the integration of ...artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions. Yet, security and privacy concerns pose significant challenges that must be addressed. Therefore, researchers have focused on improving the security and integrity of vehicle data sharing, with a particular emphasis on V2X application layer security and privacy requirements. This is crucial given that V2X networks can consist of vehicles manufactured by different companies and registered in various jurisdictions, which may only be within communication range for a few seconds. Thus, it is necessary to establish a trusting relationship between vehicles quickly. The article proposes a threshold cryptography-based key exchange protocol that meets the key requirements for V2X data sharing and privacy, including the rapid establishment of trust, the maintenance of vehicle anonymity, and the provision of secure messages. To evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed protocol, a tailored testbed that leverages the NS-3 network simulator, a commercial 5G network, and public cloud infrastructure is used. Overall, the proposed protocol provides a potential solution for addressing security and privacy concerns in V2X networks, which is essential for successfully implementing and adopting this technology.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents Multipath-ChaMeLeon (MCML) as an update of the existing ChaMeLeon (CML) routing protocol. CML is a hybrid and adaptive protocol designed for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs), ...supporting emergency communications. M-CML adopts the attributes of the proactive Optimized Link State Protocol (OLSR) and extends it so as to implement a multipath routing approach based on the Expected Transmission Count (ETX). The paper substantiates the efficiency of the protocol through a simulation scenario within a MANET using the NS-3 simulator. The acquired results indicate that M-CML routing approach combined with an intelligent link metric such as the ETX reduces the effects of link instabilities and enhances the network performance in terms of resiliency and scalability.
We propose the use of a secure topology discovery scheme, based on certificate-less public key management, as part of a proposed secure version of the Neighbourhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) for ...Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. We provide an initial evaluation of the computational cost of sending secure HELLO messages, based on an Android app deployed within a small test-bed environment.
In recent years several wireless systems have officially acquired the status of IMT-2020 technology. This paper focuses on evaluation of a recent IMT-2020 candidate known as ...enhanced-ultra-high-throughput-5G (EUHT-5G). The key point identifier (KPI) under assessment is reliability for Ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) under a dense-urban macro scenario. The evaluation is based on ITU-R guidelines and requirements. Two independent simulators, link and system-level were developed to perform the evaluation process. The evaluation is based on several modulation and coding schemes (MCS) provided in the technical specification of the candidate technology. Based on the 5 th percentile SINR value, the candidate technology EUHT-5G does not meet the criteria of providing 99.9999% success rate in reliability for URLLC.
During the past years, a dramatic increase of peripheral self organised autonomic networks interworking with the traditional infrastructure networks has been highly noticed. Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks ...(MANETs) have become an interesting topic for research because of their independent nature in terms of network infrastructure and can play a vital role in future Internet communication. A lot of effort has been made in designing efficient routing protocols for MANETs, mainly because of their unique characteristics, such as dynamic topology, high mobility and limited bandwidth. In this paper we evaluate the performance of our Multipath-ChaMeLeon (M-CML) routing protocol and compare to other proactive protocols; Optimised Link State Protocol (OLSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). For this reason, we have considered 2 different scenarios for MANETs by varying the number of nodes and speed values using the NS-3 simulator. The Quality of Service (QoS) metrics we have taken into account are: packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, normalised routing load and energy consumption. The acquired results indicate that M-CML routing protocol reduces the effects of unstable communication links, while at the same time improves the performance of the network.
Reliability of communication in unpredictable environments with increased complexity and lossless properties is one of the main objectives in wireless communication technologies. The autonomous ...nature of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) classifies them as an effective solution to address emergency situation scenarios, such as rescue or disaster relief operations that take place in hostile and hazardous environments. This paper proposes a multipath approach based on the proactive Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol called RESCUE OLSR (R-OLSR), designed as an initial approach of the EU-ICT RESCUE project. The protocol exploits its capability to identify and transmit data via multiple paths based on two different relay approaches named Simple Relay Routing (SRR) and Advanced Relay Routing (ARR). The protocol's efficiency is substantiated through a simulation scenario within a MANET using the NS-3 simulator. The acquired results indicate that a partial flooding of data increases the probability of receiving correct packets, improving the transmission reliability and routing performance.
Towards a scalable routing approach for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Ramrekha, Tipu A.; Adigun, Olayinka; Ladas, Alexandros ...
2015 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modelling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD),
09/2015
Conference Proceeding
Odprti dostop
The Internet is evolving towards a two-fold architecture that will comprise of traditional infrastructure based networks as well as emerging self organised autonomic peripheral networks. Such ...Internet peripheral networks are being termed as the Internet of things (IoT) whereby smart objects and devices will be connected together in a fully distributed fashion to provide ubiquitous services through pervasive networking. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is regarded as one of the pervasive self-organised networks that will play a major role in autonomic future internet communication. There are several wellknown challenges to be addressed in order to enable MANET deployments of large islands of interconnected smart devices. Therefore, in this paper, we perform simulations using the ns-2 software, for various well-known routing protocols for MANETs in order to determine the scalability of these protocols. This paper analyses the scalability of the routing protocols with respect to routing overhead required by approaches while also considering the packet delivery latency, which is an important Quality of Service (QoS) metric.
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