We have previously demonstrated that the biosynthesis of the C(7)-cyclitol, called valienol (or valienamine), of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose starts from the cyclization of sedo-heptulose ...7-phosphate to 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone (Stratmann, A., Mahmud, T., Lee, S., Distler, J., Floss, H. G., and Piepersberg, W. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 10889-10896). Synthesis of the intermediate 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone is catalyzed by the cyclase AcbC encoded in the biosynthetic (acb) gene cluster of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. The acbC gene lies in a possible transcription unit, acbKLMNOC, cluster encompassing putative biosynthetic genes for cyclitol conversion. All genes were heterologously expressed in strains of Streptomyces lividans 66 strains 1326, TK23, and TK64. The AcbK protein was identified as the acarbose 7-kinase, which had been described earlier (Drepper, A., and Pape, H. (1996) J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 49, 664-668). The multistep conversion of 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone to the final cyclitol moiety was studied by testing enzymatic mechanisms such as dehydration, reduction, epimerization, and phosphorylation. Thus, a phosphotransferase activity was identified modifying 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone by ATP-dependent phosphorylation. This activity could be attributed to the AcbM protein by verifying this activity in S. lividans strain TK64/pCW4123M, expressing His-tagged AcbM. The His-tagged AcbM protein was purified and subsequently characterized as a 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone 7-kinase, presumably catalyzing the first enzyme reaction in the biosynthetic route, leading to an activated form of the intermediate 1-epi-valienol. The AcbK protein could not catalyze the same reaction nor convert any of the other C(7)-cyclitol monomers tested. The 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone 7-phosphate was further converted by the AcbO protein to another isomeric and phosphorylated intermediate, which was likely to be the 2-epimer 5-epi-valiolone 7-phosphate. The products of both enzyme reactions were characterized by mass spectrometric methods. The product of the AcbM-catalyzed reaction, 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone 7-phosphate, was purified on a preparative scale and identified by NMR spectroscopy. A biosynthetic pathway for the pseudodisaccharidic acarviosyl moiety of acarbose is proposed on the basis of these data.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a powerful and widespread analytical tool in all fields of life science. Compared with other ...techniques, its high accuracy and sensitivity makes it a superior method, especially for the analysis of nucleic acids. Recent problems in the analysis of nucleic acids by MALDI-TOF MS can be solved using an automated MALDI-compatible sample-preparation system. Together with the reliable minisequencing assay, high-throughput genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms by MALDI-TOF MS is able to become a routine method in research, clinical genetics and diagnostics.
The series is devoted to the publication of high-level monographs on all areas of mathematical logic and its applications. It is addressed to advanced students and research mathematicians, and may ...also serve as a guide for lectures and for seminars at the graduate level.
The papers collected in this volume represent the main body of research arising from the International Munich Centenary Conference in 2001, which commemorated the discovery of the famous Russell ...Paradox a hundred years ago. The 31 contributions and the introductory essay by the editor were (with two exceptions) all originally written for the volume.
The volume serves a twofold purpose, historical and systematic. One focus is on Bertrand Russell's logic and logical philosophy, taking into account the rich sources of the Russell Archives, many of which have become available only recently. The second equally important aim is to present original research in the broad range of foundational studies that draws on both current conceptions and recent technical advances in the above-mentioned fields. The volume contributes thereby to the well-established body of mathematical philosophy initiated to a large extent by Russell's work.
: Veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver is a frequent and life‐threatening complication of BMT. Recently, successful treatment by t‐PA has been reported but has been compromised by fatal bleeding ...events. Therefore, t‐PA application should be restricted to patients with severe VOD. However, moderate and severe forms of VOD are difficult to distinguish in early stages. We analyzed plasma levels of cross‐linked fibrin degradation products (D‐dimer) and soluble endothelial adhesion molecules such as sE‐selectin, sVCAM‐1 and sICAM‐1 in 10 consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic BMT to evaluate their use in identifying severe forms of VOD. During the observation period, 4 episodes of VOD occurred, 2 of which were fatal due to early onset of multiorgan failure. Concentrations of D‐dimer generally increased after transplantation. However, there was an additional significant increase in D‐dimer levels during severe VOD. Thus, D‐dimer levels above 1000 μg/1 were only found in 2 cases with severe VOD and fatal outcome. When compared with bilirubin concentrations substantial increases of D‐dimers appeared earlier during the course of severe VOD. In contrast, VOD episodes were not accompanied by significant increases in sE‐selectin, sVCAM‐1 and sICAM‐1 levels. It is concluded that measurement of D‐dimer concentrations may aid accuracy to the early diagnosis of severe VOD.
Members of the steroid receptor superfamily are known to alter the transcription of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), the major apoprotein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). To assess the role of vitamin D ...receptor (VDR) in apo AI gene expression, we investigated the effect of 1alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1, 25-(OH)2 D3) as well as the vitamin D antagonist ZK-191784 (ZK), on apo AI gene expression and promoter activity in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Apo AI secretion and mRNA levels were both suppressed in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells treated 1, 25-(OH)2 D3. This was accompanied by a similar decrease in apo AI promoter activity. Mapping of the vitamin D response element showed that suppression required a region of the apo AI gene promoter identified previously to contain site A. However, vitamin D treatment had no effect on nuclear factor binding to site A of the apo AI promoter. Treatment with vitamin D receptor antagonist ZK inhibited the ability of 1, 25-(OH)2 D3 to repress apo AI promoter activity, while higher doses of ZK increased apo AI promoter activity. ZK did not alter estradiol stimulated apo AI promoter activity. The VDR antisense ODN had no effect on apo AI promoter activity in control cells, however, it reversed the repression normally seen in cells treated with 1, 25-(OH)2D3. It is concluded that 1, 25-(OH)2 D3 suppresses apo A1 gene expression at the transcriptional level, possibly by altering coactivators or corepressors. This effect requires the VDR as well as a vitamin D response element in the apo AI promoter.
Introduction Hip fracture surgery is associated with high in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates and serious adverse patient outcomes. Evidence from randomised controlled trials regarding ...effectiveness of spinal versus general anaesthesia on patient-centred outcomes after hip fracture surgery is sparse. Methods and analysis The iHOPE study is a pragmatic national, multicentre, randomised controlled, open-label clinical trial with a two-arm parallel group design. In total, 1032 patients with hip fracture (>65 years) will be randomised in an intended 1: 1 allocation ratio to receive spinal anaesthesia (n=516) or general anaesthesia (n=516). Outcome assessment will occur in a blinded manner after hospital discharge and inhospital. The primary endpoint will be assessed by telephone interview and comprises the time to the first occurring event of the binary composite outcome of all-cause mortality or new-onset serious cardiac and pulmonary complications within 30 postoperative days. In-hospital secondary endpoints, assessed via in-person interviews and medical record review, include mortality, perioperative adverse events, delirium, satisfaction, walking independently, length of hospital stay and discharge destination. Telephone interviews will be performed for long-term endpoints (all-cause mortality, independence in walking, chronic pain, ability to return home cognitive function and overall health and disability) at postoperative day 30 +/- 3, 180 +/- 45 and 365 +/- 60. Ethics and dissemination iHOPE has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University on 14 March 2018 (EK 022/18). Approval from all other involved local Ethical Committees was subsequently requested and obtained. Study started in April 2018 with a total recruitment period of 24 months. iHOPE will be disseminated via presentations at national and international scientific meetings or conferences and publication in peer-reviewed international scientific journals.
German Media Books Bohrmann, Hans; Ubbens, Wilbert; Lange, Bernd Peter ...
Communication Booknotes,
10/1/1984, 1984-10-00, Letnik:
15, Številka:
10
Book Review, Journal Article
(General, statistics)
Hans Bohrmann, Wilbert Ubbens, Kommunikationsforschung: Eine kommentierte Auswahlbibliographie der deutschsprachigen Untersuchungen zur Massenkommunikation 1945 bis 1980 ...(COMMUNICATION RESEARCH: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GERMAN STUDIES ON MASS COMMUNICATION 1945 TO 1980). = Schriften der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur COMNET. 3. (Konstanz: Universitätsverlag Konstanz 1983, 205 pp.-DM 44, 50
Bernd Peter Lange, Ulrich Pätzold, Medienatlas Nordrhein-Westfalen: Grundlagen der Kommunikation (MEDIA ATLAS NORTHRIHNE-WESTFALIA FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNICATION). 3 vols. (Bochum: Schürmann and Klagges 1984. 296, 244, 168 pp.-DM 78,50 for all 3 vols., publisher's address: Industriestr. 34, D-4630 Bochum 7; free of charge for libraries (?) from: Landesregierung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Presse-und Informationsamt, Mannesmannufer la, D-4000 Düsselford 1)
Michael Kunczik, Kommunikation und Gesellschaft: Theorien zur Massekommunikation (COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY: THEORIES OF MASS COMMUNICATION). (Köln: Bölhau 1984. VI, 284 pp. -DM 68,-)
fans-Peter Riese, Der Griff nach der vierten Gewalt: Zur Situation der Medien in der Bundesrepublik (THE GRIP OF THE FOURTH ESTATE: ON THE SITUATION OF THE MEDIA IN THE FRG). (Köln: Bund-Verlag 1984. 232 pp.-DM 19,80)
Holger Rust, Die Zukunft der Mediengesellschaft: Ein ethnologischer Essay über Offentlichkeit und Kommunikation (THE FUTURE OF MEDIA SOCIETY: AN ETHNOLOGICAL ESSAY ON PUBLICITY AND COMMUNICATION). = Beiträge zur Medientheorie und Kommunikations forschung. 23. (Berlin: Spiess 1984. 250 pp.-DM 32,-)
(Press, News Agencies)
Petra E. Dorsch, Die Zeitung, Medium des Alltags: Monographie zum Zeitungsstreik (THE NEWSPAPER, A MEDIUM OF EVERYDAY LIFE: A MONOGRAPH ON THE NEWSPAPER STRIKE). (München: Olschläger 1984. 145 pp.-DM 28,80)
Otfried Jarren, Kommunale Kommunikation (LOCAL COMMUNICATION) = Beiträge zur Kom munalwissenschen. 14. (Munchen: Minerva-Publ. 1984. 388 pp.-DM 48,-)
Annette Uphaus-Wehmeier, Zum Nutzen und Vergnügen, Jugendzeitschriften des 18. Jahrhunderts: Ein Beitrag zur Kommunikationsgeschichte (FOR BENEFIT AND PLEASURE, CHILDREN'S JOURNALS OF THE 18TH CENTURY: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION). = Dortmunder Beiträge zur Zeitungsforschung. 38. (München: Saur 1984. 294 pp.-DM 36,-)
Eva-Maria Unger. Illustrierte als Mittel zur Kriegsvorbereitung in Deutschland 1933 bis 1939 (THE ILLUSTRATED PAPER AS A MEANS OF PREPARATION FOR WAR IN GERMANY 1933 TO 1939) = Pahl-Rugenstein Hochschulschriften Gesellschafts-und Naturwissenschaf ten. 149. (Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein 1984. 327 pp.-DM 45,-)
Anita M. Mallinckrodt, Das kleine Massenmedium: Soziale Funktion and politische Rolle der Heftreihenliteratur in der DDR (THE LITTLE MASS MEDIUM: SOCIAL FUNCTION AND POLITICAL ROLE OF PENNY NOVELS IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIVE REPUBLIC). (Köln: Verl. Wissenschaft und Politik 1984. 323 pp.-DM 32,-)
Hansjoachim Höhne, Report über Nachrichtenagenturen: Neue Medien geben neue Impulse (REPORT ON NEWS AGENCIES: NEW MEDIA GIVEN NEW IMPULSES). Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsges. 1984. 469 pp.-DM 68,-)
(Broadcasting and Cable)
Fernsehen und Alltag: Eine ARD/ZDF-Studie im Wahljahr 1980 (TV AND EVERYDAY LIFE: AN ARD/ZDF-STUDY IN THE 1980 ELECTION YEAR). By Michael Buss et al. = Schriftenreihe Media Perspektiven. 3. (Frankfurt: Metzner 1984. 211 pp.-DM 20,-)
CHILDREN AND THE FORMAL FEATURES OF TELEVISION: APPROACHES AND FINDINGS OF EXPERIMENTAL AND FORMATIVE RESEARCH. Ed. by Manfred Meyer. = Communication research and broadcasting. 6. (Miinchen: Saur 1983. 333 pp.-DM 42,-)
Feldversuch Bildschirm text Diisseldorf/Neuss: Wissenschaftliche Begleituntersuchung, Abschlul3bericht (FIELD TEST OF VIDEOTEX DUSSELDORF/NEUSS: ACCOMPANYING RESEARCH, FINAL REPORT). (Düsseldorf: Staatskanzlei Nordrhein-Westfalen 1984. Vol. 1-10, may be obtained free of charge from the publisher's address: Mannesmannufer la, D-4000 Düsseldorf 1)
Akzeptanz und Nutzen sowie Wirkungen von Bildschirmtext (ACCEPTANCE AND GRATIFICATION AND EFFECTS OF VIDEOTEX). Ed. Klaus Brepohl, Hans-Walter Rother. = Bildschirmtext-Anbieter- Vereinigung. Schriftenreihe. 3. (Berlin: VDEVerlag 1984. 79 pp.-DM 28,40)
(Journalism, PR)
Helmut Drüke, Journalisten und Gewerkschaft: Probleme und Perspektiven der gewerkschaftlichen Organisierung der Tageszeitungsjournalisten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (JOURNALISTS AND UNIONS: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF UNIONIZING OF THE JOURNALISTS OF THE DAILY PRESS IN THE FRG). (Frankfurt: Haag and Herchen 1984. 202 pp.-DM 26,-)
Claudia Mast, Der Redakteur am Bildschirm: Auswirkengen moderner Technologien auf Arbeit und Berufsbild des Journalisten (THE EDITOR AT THE SCREEN: EFFECTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES ON WORK AND IMAGE OF THE JOURNALISTIC PROFESSION). = Journalismus. 21. (Konstanz: Universitiitsverlag Konstanz 1984. 243 pp.-DM 48,-)
Irene Neverla, Gerda Kanzleiter: Journalistinnen: Frauen in einem Mannerberuf (WOMEN JOURNALISTS: WOMEN IN A MEN'S PROFESSION). (Frankfurt: Campus Verlag 1984. 218 pp.-DM 34,-)
Elisabeth Binder. Die Entstehung unternehmerischer Public Relations in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (THE RISE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PR IN THE FRG). (Münster: Lit-Verlag 1983. 321 pp.-DM 58,80)
(Law)
Horst von Hartlieb, Handbuch des Film-,fernsehund Videorechts (HANDBOOK ON THE RIGHTS OF FILM, TV AND VIDEO). 2. ed. (München: Beck 1984. XI, 493 pp.-DM 148,-)
Rechtsfragen der elektronischen Textkommunikation: Videotext, Bildschirm text, Kabeltext. Medienund Urheberrecht in rechtsvergleichende Sich (POINTS OF LAW OF ELECTRONIC TEXT COMMUNICATION: TELETEXT, VIDEOTEX, CABLE. THE LAW OF MEDIA AND COPYRIGHT IN COMPARATIVE VIEW). Ed. by Martin Bullinger. SGRUM. 11. (München: Schweitzer 1984. 124 pp.-DM 58,-)
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