Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence, especially in aqueous solution, is attracting increasing attention owing to its large Stokes shift, long lifetime, low preparation cost, low toxicity, ...good processing performance advantages, and broad application value. This review mainly focuses on macrocyclic (cyclodextrin and cucurbituril) hosts, nanoassembly, and macromolecule (polyether) confinement-driven RTP. As an optical probe, the assembly and the two-stage assembly strategy can realize the confined purely organic RTP and achieve energy transfer and light-harvesting from fluorescence to delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence. This supramolecular assembly is widely applied for luminescent materials, cell imaging, and other fields because it effectively avoids oxygen quenching. In addition, the near-infrared excitation, near-infrared emission, and
in situ
imaging of purely organic room temperature phosphorescence in assembled confinement materials are also prospected.
Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence, especially in aqueous solution, is attracting increasing attention owing to its large Stokes shift, long lifetime, low preparation cost, low toxicity, good processing performance advantages, and broad application value.
Purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence has attracted attention for bioimaging but can be quenched in aqueous systems. Here we report a water-soluble ultralong organic room-temperature ...phosphorescent supramolecular polymer by combining cucurbitnuril (CB7, CB8) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a tumor-targeting ligand conjugated to a 4-(4-bromophenyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (BrBP) phosphor. The result shows that CB7 mediated pseudorotaxane polymer CB7/HA-BrBP changes from small spherical aggregates to a linear array, whereas complexation with CB8 results in biaxial pseudorotaxane polymer CB8/HA-BrBP which transforms to relatively large aggregates. Owing to the more stable 1:2 inclusion complex between CB8 and BrBP and the multiple hydrogen bonds, this supramolecular polymer has ultralong purely organic RTP lifetime in water up to 4.33 ms with a quantum yield of 7.58%. Benefiting from the targeting property of HA, this supramolecular polymer is successfully applied for cancer cell targeted phosphorescence imaging of mitochondria.
We aimed to reveal the potential active ingredients, targets and pathways of Shiwei Hezi pill (SHP) in the treatment of nephritis based on systematic network pharmacology.
The online database was ...used to screen the common targets of SHP and nephritis, and the interaction between targets was analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Bioinformatics website. Molecular docking was carried out to verify the correlation between core ingredients and key targets. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was applied to perform protein-protein interactions (PPT) network construction and data visualization.
A total of 82 active ingredients in SHP were screened, and 140 common targets of SHP and nephritis were obtained. Our results demonstrated that TNF, AKT1 and PTGS2 might be the key targets of SHP in the treatment of nephritis. GO enrichment analysis yielded 2163 GO entries (
< 0.05), including 2,014 entries of the biological process (BP) category, 61 entries of the cell composition (CC) category and 143 entries of the molecular function (MF) category. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis produced 186 signaling pathways (
< 0.05), involving the AGE-RAGE, IL-17and TNF signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that three active ingredients in SHP (quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin) could effectively bind to the TNF, AKT1 and PTGS2 targets.
The effective active ingredients in SHP may regulate multiple signaling pathways through multiple targets, thereby exhibiting a therapeutic effect on nephritis.
A series of macrocyclic compounds, including crown ether, cyclodextrin, cucurbituril and pillararene, bound to various specific organic/inorganic/biological guest molecules and ions through various ...non-covalent interactions, can not only make a single system multifunctional but also endow the system with intelligence, especially for luminescent materials. Due to their excellent luminescence properties, such as long-lived excited states, sharp linear emission bands and large Stokes shift, lanthanides have shown great advantages in luminescence, and have been more and more applied in the design of advanced functional luminescent materials. Based on reported research, we summarize the progress of lanthanide luminescent materials based on different macrocyclic compounds from ion or molecule recognition to functional nano-supramolecular assembly of the lanthanide-macrocycle supramolecular system including photo-reaction mediated switch of lanthanide luminescent molecules, multicolor luminescence, ion detection and cell imaging of rare-earth up-conversion of macrocyclic supramolecular assembly. Finally, we put forward the prospects of future development of lanthanide luminescent macrocyclic supramolecular materials.
Macrocyclic compounds, including crown ether, cyclodextrin, cucurbituril and pillararene, bound to various specific guest molecules through various non-covalent interactions, can make the system multifunctional and endow system with intelligence.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly contagious pathogen that afflicts over a third of the world's population, resulting in close to a million deaths annually. The formation and persistence of the HBV ...covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the root cause of HBV chronicity. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of cccDNA formation from relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) remains opaque. Here we show that the minus and plus-strand lesions of HBV rcDNA require different sets of human repair factors in biochemical repair systems. We demonstrate that the plus-strand repair resembles DNA lagging strand synthesis, and requires proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the replication factor C (RFC) complex, DNA polymerase delta (POLδ), flap endonuclease 1 (FEN-1), and DNA ligase 1 (LIG1). Only FEN-1 and LIG1 are required for the repair of the minus strand. Our findings provide a detailed mechanistic view of how HBV rcDNA is repaired to form cccDNA in biochemical repair systems.
The cultural dimension has been considered as an important site in exploring Chinese citizenship. This article examines cultural citizenship-making practices with a focus on rural-urban migrants and ...local radio. Since the opening-up reforms of 1979, Shenzhen, located in southeast China, has attracted many migrant workers and has grown into a prosperous migrant city. As such, Shenzhen provides a compelling case study in examining the relationship between media, radio in particular, and cultural citizenship-making in the Chinese context. Using content analysis and case studies, this article explores the ways in which Shenzhen was represented on radio during the 1990s and 2000s - key decades in the city's development - through a study of two specific radio genres: news radio and late-night talk-back radio. By exploring listener involvement in late-night talk-back radio, the article analyses the practices that were employed by migrants to satisfy their desire for inclusion and recognition. This article suggests that migrant listeners' affinity for radio was a vital component of the cultural citizenship-negotiating trajectory in the history of the urbanisation of Shenzhen. The discussion of radio, representation and inclusion has implications for contemporary debates surrounding citizenship in the digital age.
Color plays a pivotal role in product design, as it can evoke emotional responses from users. Understanding these emotional needs is crucial for effective brand image design. This paper introduces a ...novel approach, the Brand Image Design using Deep Multi-Scale Fusion Neural Network optimized with Cheetah Optimization Algorithm (BID-DMSFNN-COA), for classifying product color brand images as “Stylish” and “Natural”. By leveraging deep learning techniques and optimization algorithms, the proposed method aims to enhance brand image accuracy and address existing challenges in product color trend forecasting research. Initially, data are collected from the Mnist Data Set. The data are then supplied into the pre-processing section. In the pre-processing segment, it removes the noise and enhances the input image utilizing master slave adaptive notch filter. The Deep Multi-Scale Fusion Neural Network optimized with cheetah optimization algorithm effectively classifies the product colour brand image as “Stylish” and “Natural”. Implemented on the MATLAB platform, the BID-DMSFNN-COA technique achieves remarkable accuracy rates of 99 % for both “Natural” and “Stylish” classifications. In comparison, existing methods such as BID-GNN, BID-ANN, and BID-CNN yield lower accuracy rates ranging from 65 % to 85 % for “Stylish” and 65 %–70 % for “Natural” product color brand image design. The simulation outcomes reveal the superior performance of the BID-DMSFNN-COA technique across various metrics including accuracy, F-score, precision, recall, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC analysis. Notably, the proposed method consistently outperforms existing approaches, providing higher values across all evaluation criteria. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the BID-DMSFNN-COA technique in enhancing brand image design through accurate product color classification.
Based on the numerical results on the non‐linear correlation between volume of plastic zone and global loading level represented by stress intensity factor, the dependence of cleavage fracture ...toughness of ferritic steels on specimen size and temperature is evaluated based on an empirical statistical model. The statistical correlation is supported by two sets of toughness data measured from different sized compact tension specimens at different temperatures. To further improve the accuracy of the statistical model, future work is identified to quantify the variation of volume of plastic deformation zone with loading level and measure the average volume for each microcrack at different temperature.
Highlights
A non‐Weibull statistical model of cleavage toughness is proposed.
Dependence of cleavage toughness on temperature and specimen size is studied.
The model is validated by two sets of cleavage toughness data.
Two research topics are identified for model improvement.
The work contributes to the statistical approach to unitedly characterize the random variation and size effect of brittle fracture strength of materials. Current practices rely on the conventional ...Weibull statistics and more recently on the weakest-link statistical model conforming to the uniform spatial distribution of microcracks. Based on the understanding that the weakest-link postulate is built on the mutual independence of microcracks and is not necessarily bounded to the uniform spatial distribution of microcracks, this work develops a generic weakest-link statistical formulation pertaining to a power-law spatial distribution of mutually non-interactive microcracks to synchronize the random variation and size effect of brittle fracture strength. The formulation encompasses both Weibull statistics and the uniform spatial distribution law-based weakest-link model as its subordinate members. A resultant master curve behavior between a compound parameter and the nominal fracture strength is identified for size scaling of strength and is validated by the strength data of a wide spectrum of quasi-brittle materials including wood, concrete, coal, gamma titanium aluminum alloy, nuclear-grade graphite and aluminum foam on geometrically self-similar specimens under same loading conditions.
Five major local approach (LA)‐based statistical cleavage fracture models are evaluated in uniaxial tension. The focus is to inspect their mathematical conformity to the axiom of probability on ...normality and their physical adherence to the consensus that cleavage fracture occurs after plastic deformation. Only the LA model that incorporates a stress‐state and temperature dependent threshold satisfies both requirements. Two sets of experimental data in uniaxial tension are analyzed to support the arguments.
Highlights
The normality axiom of probability applies to any probability model.
It is a consensus that cleavage fracture of steels is preceded by plastic yielding.
5 statistical cleavage fracture models are checked by the 2 points in uniaxial tension.
1 model observes both points; 4 models fail to satisfy both criteria.
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