The drastically increasing amount of plastic waste is causing an environmental crisis that requires innovative technologies for recycling post-consumer plastics to achieve waste valorization while ...meeting environmental quality goals. Biocatalytic depolymerization mediated by enzymes has emerged as an efficient and sustainable alternative for plastic treatment and recycling. A variety of plastic-degrading enzymes have been discovered from microbial sources. Meanwhile, protein engineering has been exploited to modify and optimize plastic-degrading enzymes. This review highlights the recent trends and up-to-date advances in mining novel plastic-degrading enzymes through state-of-the-art omics-based techniques and improving the enzyme catalytic efficiency and stability via various protein engineering strategies. Future research prospects and challenges are also discussed.
Biocatalytic depolymerization mediated by enzymes has emerged as an efficient and sustainable alternative for plastic treatment and recycling, which aims to reduce adverse environmental effects and recover valuable components from plastic waste.Metagenomic and proteomic approaches can be harnessed as powerful tools in mining enzymes capable of plastic depolymerization from a wide variety of environments and ecosystems.Plastic-degrading enzymes can be optimized by protein engineering for improved performance, including enhancement of enzyme thermostability, reinforcement of the binding of substrate to enzyme active site, enhancement of interaction between substrate and enzyme surface, and refinement of catalytic capacity.
The self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) in the presence of crystallization as the second driving force is reviewed, for BCPs in the bulk, thin films, single crystals and micelles. The ...crystallization of semicrystalline BCPs in the bulk is introduced briefly and the unique morphologies of semicrystalline BCPs at various levels due to crystallization are discussed. The thin film morphologies shown by crystalline BCPs are summarized in terms of the factors affecting the relative strengths of various driving forces. Special attention is paid to the thin film morphologies of functional BCPs containing crystalline poly(3-alkylthiophene) and perylene bisimide units. The single crystal morphologies of semicrystalline BCPs are also presented. Finally, the micellar morphologies of BCPs with a semicrystalline core are reviewed. The controlled and living growth of crystalline micelles, which is the unique characteristic of such micelle, is then discussed.
The challenges of increasing environmental contamination and scarcity of natural resources require innovative solutions to ensure a sustainable future. Recent breakthroughs in synthetic biology and ...protein engineering provide promising platform technologies to develop novel engineered biological materials for beneficial applications towards environmental sustainability. In particular, biocatalysis and biosorption are receiving increasing attention as sustainable approaches for environmental remediation and resource recovery from wastes. This review focuses on up-to-date advances in engineering biocatalytic and biosorptive materials that can degrade persistent organic contaminants of emerging concern, remove hazardous metal pollutants, and recover value-added metals. Opportunities and challenges for future research are also discussed.
Advances in synthetic biology and protein engineering provide promising platform technologies for engineering renewable biomaterials with biocatalytic or biosorptive capabilities to address the crucial challenges of environmental pollution and natural resource scarcity.
Biocatalytic materials that harness the function of various biological enzymes to degrade recalcitrant contaminants to environmentally benign compounds can be developed using molecular biology techniques and physicochemical processes; these materials demonstrate great potential for environmental remediation applications.
Biosorptive materials engineered by decorating microbial cells with specific metal-binding proteins/peptides using genetic engineering can be used for hazardous metal removal and valuable metal recovery with high selectivity and binding efficiency.
This paper performs feature extraction based on the Bayesian nonparametric model for smart sports courses to analyze the Gaussian process principle for composing random variables. The probability ...distribution of the parameters is estimated based on the known data set, given the input data vector to decompose the likelihood function. To calculate the posterior probabilities of the parameters, the kernel function features are analyzed to give the expressions of eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and data normalization is performed. According to the results, the experimental group had higher sports test scores than the control group, and the third test score of high-speed running reached 9 points. Therefore, colleges and universities should focus on cultivating students' innovative thinking abilities and helping them master sports knowledge and skills to achieve their educational goals.
In this paper, in the context of rural revitalization + data platform, a grassroots employment platform for college students is designed according to the data architecture, and the data is processed ...hierarchically to achieve the organization and knowledge accumulation of cross-domain employment data, which makes multiple employment data standardized. Using data analysis parallelization algorithm and dimensionality reduction operation method, the training data are read and loaded into the distributed memory of the employment data platform to select the best employment features. According to the design platform of this paper, the employment rate for those employed in the eastern region and 80.16% in the central region has reached 91.15%. This paper's design model can improve employee efficiency and expand the grassroots employment space of college students, as indicated.
All-
retinoic acid (AtRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is recognized for its classical action as an endocrine hormone that triggers genomic effects mediated through nuclear receptors RA ...receptors (RARs). New evidence shows that atRA-mediated cellular responses are biphasic with rapid and delayed responses. Most of these rapid atRA responses are the outcome of its binding to cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP1) that is predominantly localized in cytoplasm and binds to atRA with a high affinity. This review summarizes the most recent studies of such non-genomic outcomes of atRA and the role of CRABP1 in mediating such rapid effects in different cell types. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), atRA-CRABP1 dampens growth factor sensitivity and stemness. In a hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) population, atRA-CRABP1 negatively modulates NSC proliferation and affects learning and memory. In cardiomyocytes, atRA-CRABP1 prevents over-activation of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protecting heart function. These are supported by the fact that
gene knockout (KO) mice exhibit multiple phenotypes including hippocampal NSC expansion and spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy. This indicates that more potential processes/signaling pathways involving atRA-CRABP1 may exist, which remain to be identified.
Plant-associated microbiomes profoundly influence host interactions with below- and aboveground environments. Characterizing plant-associated microbiomes in experimental settings have revealed ...important drivers of microbiota assemblies within host species. However, it remains unclear how important these individual drivers (e.g., organ type, host species, host sexual phenotype) are in structuring the patterns of plant-microbiota association in the wild. Using 16s rRNA sequencing, we characterized root, leaf and flower microbiomes in three closely related, sexually polymorphic Fragaria species, in the broadly sympatric portion of their native ranges in Oregon, USA. Taking into account the potential influence of broad-scale abiotic environments, we found that organ type explained the largest variation of compositional and phylogenetic α- and β-diversity of bacterial communities in these wild populations, and its overall effect exceeded that of host species and host sex. Yet, the influence of host species increased from root to leaf to flower microbiomes. We detected strong sexual dimorphism in flower and leaf microbiomes, especially in host species with the most complete separation of sexes. Our results provide the first demonstration of enhanced influence of host species and sexual dimorphism from root to flower microbiomes, which may be applicable to many other plants in the wild.
High-fat diets may promote growth, partly through their protein-sparing effects. However, high-fat diets often lead to excessive fat deposition, which may have a negative impact on fish such as poor ...growth and suppressive immune. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a fat-rich diet on the mechanisms of fat deposition in the liver. Three-hundred blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) juveniles (initial mass 18.00 ± 0.05 g) were fed with one of two diets (5% or 15% fat) for 8 weeks. β-Oxidation capacity and regulation of rate-limiting enzymes were assessed. Large fat droplets were present in hepatocytes of fish fed the high-fat diet. This observation is thought to be largely owing to the reduced capacity for mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation in the livers of fish fed the high-fat diet, as well as the decreased activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), which are enzymes involved in fatty-acid metabolism. Study of CPT I kinetics showed that CPT I had a low affinity for its substrates and a low catalytic efficiency in fish fed the high-fat diet. Expression of both CPT I and ACO was significantly down-regulated in fish fed the high-fat diet. Moreover, the fatty-acid composition of the mitochondrial membrane varied between the two groups. In conclusion, the attenuated β-oxidation capacity observed in fish fed a high-fat diet is proposed to be owing to decreased activity and/or catalytic efficiency of the rate-limiting enzymes CPT I and ACO, via both genetic and non-genetic mechanisms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This research examined consumer responses to a company's communication of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Two prestudies verified the impact of company‐cause fit and message ...specificity on consumer skepticism toward CSR initiatives. These studies also showed that the resulting skepticism mediated the consumer responses. The main study explored how company‐cause fit and message specificity jointly influenced consumer skepticism and how this could be mediated by cognitive fluency. The results demonstrate that company‐cause fit and message specificity interacted and influenced consumer skepticism. In addition, cognitive fluency was found to be the key factor that explained this joint impact. These results explain how skepticism influences consumer responses to CSR. Theoretical and practical suggestions for effective CSR communication are provided.
Brain ischemia inhibits immune function systemically, with resulting infectious complications. Whether in stroke different immune alterations occur in brain and periphery and whether analogous ...mechanisms operate in these compartments remains unclear. Here we show that in patients with ischemic stroke and in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, natural killer (NK) cells display remarkably distinct temporal and transcriptome profiles in the brain as compared to the periphery. The activation of catecholaminergic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leads to splenic atrophy and contraction of NK cell numbers in the periphery through a modulated expression of SOCS3, whereas cholinergic innervation-mediated suppression of NK cell responses in the brain involves RUNX3. Importantly, pharmacological or genetic ablation of innervation preserved NK cell function and restrained post-stroke infection. Thus, brain ischemia compromises NK cell-mediated immune defenses through mechanisms that differ in the brain versus the periphery, and targeted inhibition of neurogenic innervation limits post-stroke infection.
•Brain ischemia causes transient but severe suppression of cellular immunity•Natural killer (NK) cells display different profiles in the CNS versus periphery after stroke•NK cell response is shaped by organ-specific neurogenic innervation after stroke•Modulation of neurogenic innervation limits post-stroke infection
Liu and colleagues demonstrate that brain ischemia shapes innate cellular immune responses in the periphery and the brain through different neurogenic and intracellular pathways. Targeted modulation of neurogenic innervation is capable of inhibiting post-stroke infection.
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