The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was to analyze and evaluate the impact of prematurity and accelerated weight gain on the risk of childhood and adolescent ...obesity. CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched until December 2019 which yielded 19 studies with a total of 169,439 children enrolled were systematically reviewed. The results revealed that preterm infants had a greater likelihood of childhood obesity (defined as BMI ≥95th percentile for age-sex), than term infants (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13, 1.26). However, no difference of childhood obesity was found between "small for gestational age"(SGA) and "appropriate for gestational age"(AGA) among preterms. Accelerated weight gain (defined as weight gain velocity during first two years after birth) significantly increased the likelihood of subsequent childhood obesity among preterms (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.57, 2.231). In conclusion, accelerated weight gain at infancy among preterm children may be a critical contributor to obesity in later life. Establishing optimal growth trajectories and timely referral to health care providers may be of clinical importance.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To achieve preferential effects against cancer cells but less damage to normal cells is one of the main challenges of cancer research. In this review, we explore the roles and relationships of ...oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, DNA damage, ER stress, autophagy, metabolism, and migration of ROS-modulating anticancer drugs. Understanding preferential anticancer effects in more detail will improve chemotherapeutic approaches that are based on ROS-modulating drugs in cancer treatments.
Accurate delineation of organs-at-risk (OARs) is a critical step in radiotherapy. The deep learning generated segmentations usually need to be reviewed and corrected by oncologists manually, which is ...time-consuming and operator-dependent. Therefore, an automated quality assurance (QA) and adaptive optimization correction strategy was proposed to identify and optimize 'incorrect' auto-segmentations.
A total of 586 CT images and labels from nine institutions were used. The OARs included the brainstem, parotid, and mandible. The deep learning generated contours were compared with the manual ground truth delineations. In this study, we proposed a novel contour quality assurance and adaptive optimization (CQA-AO) strategy, which consists of the following three main components: (1) the contour QA module classified the deep learning generated contours as either accepted or unaccepted; (2) the unacceptable contour categories analysis module provided the potential error reasons (five unacceptable category) and locations (attention heatmaps); (3) the adaptive correction of unacceptable contours module integrate vision-language representations and utilize convex optimization algorithms to achieve adaptive correction of 'incorrect' contours.
. In the contour QA tasks, the sensitivity (accuracy, precision) of CQA-AO strategy reached 0.940 (0.945, 0.948), 0.962 (0.937, 0.913), and 0.967 (0.962, 0.957) for brainstem, parotid and mandible, respectively. The unacceptable contour category analysis, the(FI,AccI,Fmicro,Fmacro)of CQA-AO strategy reached (0.901, 0.763, 0.862, 0.822), (0.855, 0.737, 0.837, 0.784), and (0.907, 0.762, 0.858, 0.821) for brainstem, parotid and mandible, respectively. After adaptive optimization correction, the DSC values of brainstem, parotid and mandible have been improved by 9.4%, 25.9%, and 13.5%, and Hausdorff distance values decreased by 62%, 70.6%, and 81.6%, respectively.
. The proposed CQA-AO strategy, which combines QA of contour and adaptive optimization correction for OARs contouring, demonstrated superior performance compare to conventional methods. This method can be implemented in the clinical contouring procedures and improve the efficiency of delineating and reviewing workflow.
A high-quality perovskite film with interconnected perovskite grains was obtained by incorporating terephthalic acid (TPA) additive into the perovskite precursor solution. The presence of TPA changed ...the crystallization kinetics of the perovskite film and promoted lateral growth of grains in the vicinity of crystal boundaries. As a result, sheet-shaped perovskite was formed and covered onto the bottom grains, which made some adjacent grains partly merge together to form grains-interconnected perovskite film. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with TPA additive exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.51% with less hysteresis, which is obviously higher than that of pristine cells (15.53%). PSCs without and with TPA additive retain 18 and 51% of the initial PCE value, respectively, aging for 35 days exposed to relative humidity 30% in air without encapsulation. Furthermore, MAPbI3 film with TPA additive shows superior thermal stability to the pristine one under 100 °C baking. The results indicate that the presence of TPA in perovskite film can greatly improve the performance of PSCs as well as their moisture resistance and thermal stability.
The field emission phenomenon is surface sensitive, and the tape pretreatment method has been commonly used to improve the disordered surface morphology of cathodes to boost the field emission ...performance. However, there are few reports on detailed surface investigations of tape pretreatment. In this study, we initially investigate the stickiness variation of the tape and the most suitable preprocessing times for improved field emission performance and then utilize multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/silicon carbide (SiC) composites as cathodes to thoroughly investigate the compound ratio to reduce the serious shielding effect and to maintain a proper field emission density. A nonmonotonic relationship between the turn-on field and cathode composite ratio is found. In addition, the luminance and luminance uniformity for the field emission devices of the MWCNTs/SiC composites prove the enhanced field emission properties of the MWCNTs/SiC composites with proper tape pretreatment times, demonstrating potential applications in vacuum electronic devices.
The accuracy with which cancer phenotypes can be predicted by selecting and combining molecular features is compromised by the large number of potential features available. In an effort to design a ...robust prognostic model to predict breast cancer survival, we hypothesized that signatures consisting of genes that are coexpressed in multiple cancer types should correspond to molecular events that are prognostic in all cancers, including breast cancer. We previously identified several such signatures--called attractor metagenes--in an analysis of multiple tumor types. We then tested our attractor metagene hypothesis as participants in the Sage Bionetworks-DREAM Breast Cancer Prognosis Challenge. Using a rich training data set that included gene expression and clinical features for breast cancer patients, we developed a prognostic model that was independently validated in a newly generated patient data set. We describe our model, which was based on three attractor metagenes associated with mitotic chromosomal instability, mesenchymal transition, or lymphocyte-based immune recruitment.
Although previous studies indicate that loss of p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence does not completely abrogate its tumor suppression function, it is unclear how the remaining ...activities of p53 are regulated. Here, we have identified an acetylation site at lysine K98 in mouse p53 (or K101 for human p53). Whereas the loss of K98 acetylation (p53K98R) alone has very modest effects on p53-mediated transactivation, simultaneous mutations at all four acetylation sites (p534KR: K98R+ 3KRK117R+K161R+K162R) completely abolish its ability to regulate metabolic targets, such as TIGAR and SLC7A11. Notably, in contrast to p533KR, p534KR is severely defective in suppressing tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Moreover, p534KR is still capable of inducing the p53-Mdm2 feedback loop, but p53-dependent ferroptotic responses are markedly abrogated. Together, these data indicate the critical role of p53 acetylation in ferroptotic responses and its remaining tumor suppression activity.
Display omitted
•CBP acetylates human p53 at K101 and mouse p53 at K98•K98 acetylation of mouse p53 contributes to regulation of certain metabolic genes•p534KR98 is defective in suppressing tumor growth•Ferroptosis and repression of SLC7A11 are defective in p534KR98-expressing cells
Wang et al. show that K98 acetylation of mouse p53 by CBP further contributes to the regulation of p53 transcriptional function by other known p53 acetylations (K117/161/162). Simultaneous absence of acetylation at K98 and at other positions in the DNA-binding domain results in the loss of tumor suppression in xenografts and ferroptosis.
Chirality is common in nature and plays the essential role in maintaining physiological process. Chiral inorganic nanomaterials with intense optical activity have attracted more attention due to ...amazing properties in recent years. Over the past decades, many efforts have been paid to the preparation and chirality origin of chiral nanomaterials; furthermore, emerging biological applications have been investigated widely. This review mainly summarizes recent advances in chiral nanomaterials. The top‐down and bottom‐up preparation methods and chirality origin of chiral nanomaterials are introduced; besides, the biological applications, such as sensing, therapy, and catalysis, will be introduced comprehensively. Finally, we also provide a perspective on the biomedical applications of chiral nanomaterials.
Chiral inorganic nanomaterials with intense optical activity have attracted more attention due to their amazing properties. In this short review, the preparation methods and chirality origin of chiral nanomaterials are briefly introduced; besides, the biological applications, such as sensing, therapy, and catalysis, are introduced comprehensively.
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) has been demonstrated to participate in the acquisition of the properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, it is largely unknown how signals ...from the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to aberrant Zeb1 expression. Here, we show that Zeb1 depletion suppresses stemness, colonization and the phenotypic plasticity of breast cancer. Moreover, we demonstrate that, with direct cell-cell contact, TME-derived endothelial cells provide the Notch ligand Jagged1 (Jag1) to neighboring breast CSCs, leading to Notch1-dependent upregulation of Zeb1. In turn, ectopic Zeb1 in tumor cells increases VEGFA production and reciprocally induces endothelial Jag1 in a paracrine manner. Depletion of Zeb1 disrupts this positive feedback loop in the tumor perivascular niche, which eventually lessens tumor initiation and progression in vivo and in vitro. In this work, we highlight that targeting the angiocrine Jag1-Notch1-Zeb1-VEGFA loop decreases breast cancer aggressiveness and thus enhances the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have great potential for utilizing acoustic energy. However, as for the ultrasonic source, the high frequency vibration may aggravate mechanical wear and weaken ...the stability of the TENG device. Meanwhile, the reported complicated structure design and fabrication greatly hinder the development of TENG for ultrasonic energy harvesting. In this study, we find an interesting phenomenon that perfluorinated polymer film under sonication can be separated from its attached adhesive. Based on this ultrasound-induced separation, an easy-fabricated and compact-structured ultrasound-driven TENG (UD-TENG) is proposed to harvest ultrasonic energy in a facile way. The mechanism of the coupling between weak adhesion of perfluorinated polymer film and ultra-high ultrasonic pressure verified by simulation and experiment is investigated. The relationship between the surface energy and the film-adhesive separation force is determined by comparing different films. Furthermore, the intensity and direction of ultrasound further reveals the effect of ultrasound parameters on UD-TENG’s output performance. UD-TENG can achieve high charging rate of 75 μC/s and exhibit excellent stability with no obvious attenuation of the voltage signal after sonicating for 1 h. A series of practical devices driven by the UD-TENG serving as power supplier are demonstrated. Finally, a self-powered acoustic sensor which can collect ultrasonic signal from multiple angles is developed for underwater ultrasonic wave detection and sound source location. This work provides a new guidance for the study of harvesting ultrasonic energy and expands the underwater applicability of TENGs.
Display omitted
•A special ultrasound-induced separation between perfluorinated polymer film and adhesive is found.•An easy-fabricated and compact-structured TENG is designed to effectively harvest ultrasonic energy.•The average charging rate of TENG can reach a high value of 75 μC/s.•A self-powered ultrasonic sensor is proposed for detecting and locating ultrasonic source.
PDF
