Pathogenic biofilms are up to 1000-fold more drug-resistant than planktonic pathogens and cause about 80% of all chronic infections worldwide. The lack of prompt and reliable biofilm identification ...methods seriously prohibits the diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infections. Here, we developed a machine-learning-aided cocktail assay for prompt and reliable biofilm detection. Lanthanide nanoparticles with different emissions, surface charges, and hydrophilicity are formulated into the cocktail kits. The lanthanide nanoparticles in the cocktail kits can offer competitive interactions with the biofilm and further maximize the charge and hydrophilicity differences between biofilms. The physicochemical heterogeneities of biofilms were transformed into luminescence intensity at different wavelengths by the cocktail kits. The luminescence signals were used as learning data to train the random forest algorithm, and the algorithm could identify the unknown biofilms within minutes after training. Electrostatic attractions and hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions were demonstrated to dominate the binding of the cocktail kits to the biofilms. By rationally designing the charge and hydrophilicity of the cocktail kit, unknown biofilms of pathogenic clinical isolates were identified with an overall accuracy of over 80% based on the random forest algorithm. Moreover, the antibiotic-loaded cocktail nanoprobes efficiently eradicated biofilms since the nanoprobes could penetrate deep into the biofilms. This work can serve as a reliable technique for the diagnosis of biofilm infections and it can also provide instructions for the design of multiplex assays for detecting biochemical compounds beyond biofilms.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by FMD virus (FMDV). FMD outbreaks have occurred in livestock-containing regions worldwide. ...Apigenin, which is a flavonoid naturally existing in plant, possesses various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities. Results show that apigenin can inhibit FMDV-mediated cytopathogenic effect and FMDV replication in vitro. Further studies demonstrate the following: (i) apigenin inhibits FMDV infection at the viral post-entry stage; (ii) apigenin does not exhibit direct extracellular virucidal activity; and (iii) apigenin interferes with the translational activity of FMDV driven by internal ribosome entry site. Studies on applying apigein in vivo are required for drug development and further identification of potential drug targets against FDMV infection.
Global warming has changed the distribution of climate resources with previous studies indicating that the arid and semi-arid areas have become drier because of decreasing precipitation. Based on ...daily meteorological data collected at 46 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia, we analyzed the spatial distribution and trends of major climate variables (precipitation, daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures) at monthly and annual scales over the past 52 years. Variation of humid index was also analyzed.
An increasing trend was identified for the daily mean temperature in the study area, and the trend (0.37 °C/decade) is higher than the global warming rate (0.14 °C/decade). Compared to daily mean temperature and daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature showed a greater increasing trend (0.51 °C/decade). As for most stations, the largest trends for daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures occurred in the last ten days of February. Through a series of regression analyses, it was found that the change of vapor pressure had a high correlation coefficient with temperature trends and both temperature and vapor pressure showed the strongest increasing trend in February. Annual precipitation showed a slightly decreasing trend, mainly because of a decrease of precipitation in July and August. Forty-three out of 46 stations exhibited negative slopes in the time series of humid index, which indicates that Inner Mongolia has become drier in the past 52 years.
In summary, Inner Mongolia has become warmer and drier with increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation during the past several decades.
•Inner Mongolia experienced climate warming at more than double of the global warming rate.•Daily minimum temperature warms faster than maximum and mean temperatures.•The largest temperature-increasing trend occurred in the last ten days of February.•Inner Mongolia has become warmer and drier during the past several decades.
Biofilms, such as those from
, are generally insensitive to traditional antimicrobial agents, making it difficult to inhibit their formation. Although quercetin has excellent antibiofilm effects, its ...clinical applications are limited by the lack of sustained and targeted release at the site of
infection.
Polyethylene glycol-quercetin nanoparticles (PQ-NPs)-loaded gelatin-N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CMCS) composite nanogels were prepared and assessed for the on-demand release potential for reducing
biofilm formation.
The formation mechanism, physicochemical characterization, and antibiofilm activity of PQ-nanogels against
were studied.
Physicochemical characterization confirmed that PQ-nanogels had been prepared by the electrostatic interactions between gelatin and N,O-CMCS with sodium tripolyphosphate. The PQ-nanogels exhibited obvious pH and gelatinase-responsive to achieve on-demand release in the micro-environment (pH 5.5 and gelatinase) of
. In addition, PQ-nanogels had excellent antibiofilm activity, and the potential antibiofilm mechanism may enhance its antibiofilm activity by reducing its relative biofilm formation, surface hydrophobicity, exopolysaccharides production, and eDNA production.
This study will guide the development of the dual responsiveness (pH and gelatinase) of nanogels to achieve on-demand release for reducing
biofilm formation.
Real-time smoke detection is of great significance for early warning of fire, which can avoid the serious loss caused by fire. Detecting smoke in actual scenes is still a challenging task due to ...large variance of smoke color, texture, and shapes. Moreover, the smoke detection in the actual scene is faced with the difficulties in data collection and insufficient smoke datasets, and the smoke morphology is susceptible to environmental influences. To improve the performance of smoke detection and solve the problem of too few datasets in real scenes, this paper proposes a model that combines a deep convolutional generative adversarial network and a convolutional neural network (DCG-CNN) to extract smoke features and detection. The vibe algorithm was used to collect smoke and nonsmoke images in the dynamic scene and deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) used these images to generate images that are as realistic as possible. Besides, we designed an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) model for extracting smoke features and smoke detection. The experimental results show that the method has a good detection performance on the smoke generated in the actual scenes and effectively reduces the false alarm rate.
Both severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and rabies are severe zoonotic diseases. As co-hosts of rabies virus (RABV) and SFTS virus (SFTSV), dogs and cats could not only be infected ...but also transmit the virus to human. Hence, developing a bivalent vaccine against both SFTS and rabies is urgently needed. In this study, we generated a recombinant replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) co-expressing RABV G and SFTSV Gn (Ad5-G-Gn) and evaluated its immunogenicity and efficacy in mice. Ad5-G-Gn immunization activated more dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells in lymph nodes (LNs) and induced Th1-/Th2-mediated responses in splenocytes, leading to robust production of neutralizing antibodies against SFTSV and RABV. In addition, single dose of Ad5-G-Gn conferred mice complete protection against lethal RABV challenge and significantly reduced splenic SFTS viral load. Therefore, our data support further development of Ad5-G-Gn as a potential bivalent vaccine candidate against SFTS and rabies for dog and cat use.
In addition to its inherited genetic function, DNA is one of the smartest and most flexible self-assembling na- nomaterials with programmable and predictable features, for which, more and more ...scientists combine DNA with nanomaterials and put them into designing, synthesizing and assembling. In this review, four modes of action of DNA molecules are introduced in a figurative and intuitive way, based on the four different roles it plays in synthe- sis and assembly of nanomaterials： （a） smart linkers to guide nanoparticle assembly, （b） 2D or 3D scaffold with well-designed binding sites, （c） nucleation sites to directly facilitate Au/Pd/Ag/Cu nanowires, nanoparticles, nano- arrays and （d） serving as capping agents to prevent crystal growth, and control size and morphology. To be sure, this state-of-the-art combination of functional DNA molecules and inorganic nanomaterials greatly encouraged step towards the development of analytical science, life science, environmental science, and other promising field they can address. DNA-guided nanofabrication will eventually exceed expectations far beyond our scope in the near fu- ture.
Rotavirus is a major causative agent of diarrhoea in children, infants, and young animals around the world. The associated zoonotic risk necessitates the serious consideration of the complete genetic ...information of rotavirus. A segmented genome makes rotavirus prone to rearrangement and the formation of a new viral strain. Monitoring the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus is essential for its prevention and control. The quantitative RT-PCR targeting the NSP5 gene was used to detect rotavirus group A (RVA) in pig faecal samples, and two pairs of universal primers and protocols were used for amplifying the G and P genotype. The genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of 11 genes were performed by RT-PCR and a basic bioinformatics method. A unique G4P6 rotavirus strain, designated S2CF (RVA/Pig-tc/CHN/S2CF/2023/G4P6), was identified in one faecal sample from a piglet with severe diarrhoea in Guangdong, China. Whole genome sequencing and analysis suggested that the 11 segments of the S2CF strain showed a unique Wa-like genotype constellation and a typical porcine RVA genomic configuration of G4-P6-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. Notably, 4 of the 11 gene segments (VP4, VP6, VP2, and NSP5) clustered consistently with human-like RVAs, suggesting independent human-to-porcine interspecies transmission. Moreover, a unique 344-nt duplicated sequence was identified for the first time in the untranslated region of NSP5. This study further reveals the genetic diversity and potential inter-species transmission of porcine rotavirus.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lanthanide （Ln, or rare-earth） doped nanoparticles are well-known for their prominent optical properties and have been widely used for biological applications, especially in biological assays and ...medical imaging. Recently, the extensive attention of near infrared （NIR） wavelength range has dramatically increased for its fast feedback, high spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration. Tissues have minimal absorbance in this region. While a lot of excellent reviews cover various aspects of biomedical imaging based on lanthanide doped nanoparticles, there has not been a review that systematically summarizes NIR-to-NIR imaging with lanthanide doped nanoparticles. In this review, we focus on the recent development of NIR-to-NIR imaging based on lanthanide doped nanoparticles, and discuss challenges and opportunities in it.
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![Emergence of a Novel G4P[6]...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/2076-2615/small "Emergence of a Novel G4P[6] Porcine Rotavirus with Unique Sequence Duplication in NSP5 Gene in China")
