This textbook provides an accessible yet comprehensive introduction to detectors in particle physics. It emphasises the core physics principles, enabling a deeper understanding of the subject for ...further and more advanced studies. In addition to the discussion of the underlying detector physics, another aspiration of this book is to introduce the reader to practically important aspects of particle detectors, like electronics, alignment, calibration, and simulation of particle detectors. Case studies of the various applications of detectors in particle physics are provided.
The primary audience is graduate students in particle or nuclear physics, in addition to advanced undergraduate students in physics.
Key Features:
Provides an accessible yet thorough discussion of the basic physics principles needed to understand how particle detectors work.
Presents applications of the basic physics concepts to examples of modern detectors.
Discusses practically important aspects like electronics, alignment, calibration and simulation of particle detectors.
Contains exercises for each chapter to further understanding.
Both authors have a long experience in teaching undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Oxford.
Particle Physics in the LHC era Barr, Giles; Devenish, R; Walczak, R ...
Oxford University Press eBooks,
2016, 2016-01-01, 2016-01-14, Letnik:
24
eBook
Odprti dostop
This book gives a modern introduction to particle physics. The main mathematical tools required for the rest of the book are developed in Chapter 2. A quantitative introduction to accelerator physics ...is presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 covers detector physics, with an emphasis on fundamental physical principles. Chapter 5 covers the static quark model, with applications to light mesons and baryons as well as heavier states containing charm and beauty quarks. Chapter 6 introduces relativistic quantum mechanics and uses spinors to relate Lorentz invariance to the Dirac equation. Chapter 7 covers the basics of the electroweak theory based on broken SU(2) × U(1) symmetry. Chapter 8 reviews some of the key experiments that led to the development of the electroweak theory. Chapter 9 explains the importance of deep inelastic scattering data for providing direct evidence for the existence of quarks. It also gives a brief introduction to quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Chapter 10 considers flavour oscillations in the quark sector and then discusses the evidence for CP violation. Chapter 11 examines the theory of neutrino oscillations as well as the evidence for these oscillations. Chapter 12 gives an elementary introduction to the Higgs mechanism as well as a careful explanation of the experimental evidence for the existence of a Higgs boson. Chapter 13 looks at LHC physics and explains how searches for Beyond the Standard Model Physics are performed. It concludes with a discussion of the evidence for dark matter and dark energy.
Electronic signals and noise Viehhauser, Georg; Weidberg, Tony
Detectors in Particle Physics,
2024, Letnik:
1
Book Chapter
In chapter 2 we considered the different ways in which high energy particles deposit their energy in matter. Now we will consider how to use the results of these interactions to create a measurable ...signal in a detector.
Response to excitation Viehhauser, Georg; Weidberg, Tony
CRC Press eBooks,
2024, Letnik:
1
Book Chapter
Odprti dostop
So far, we have discussed signals from the collection of ionisation charge produced by an incoming charged particle. As long as the volume is large enough to provide a sufficient amount of charge, ...the detection elements in such detectors can be made small, leading to detectors that are capable of precisely locating the passage of charged particles. However, sometimes position resolution is not the primary target, but a large dense detector volume or cheap instrumentation of a large volume is required. In that case it is often easier to collect optical photons, which have a long range in transparent materials. Such photons can be generated in detector materials called 'scintillators' from the relaxation of excited states created by the electromagnetic interaction of the incoming charged particle with the detector.
In this chapter we will pull together all that we have discussed in previous chapters, and see how different detector technologies can work together to combine into powerful experiments that are ...optimised for physics measurements, but can also suppress backgrounds efficiently. We will also discuss some of the challenges the environment of the experiments and the integration of the different systems impose.
Calorimetry Viehhauser, Georg; Weidberg, Tony
CRC Press eBooks,
2024, Letnik:
1
Book Chapter
Odprti dostop
In the previous chapters we have seen how the quasi-continuous small energy loss of charged particles enables the detection of these particles in tracking detectors, typically made of thin detector ...layers. A different approach is taken in calorimeters, where the particle ultimately is fully absorbed. If the particle has a high energy it is lost in a cascade of secondary interactions until all particles in the cascade have come to a stop. Despite the name, calorimeters in particle physics usually do not measure the heat generated in the detector material, as this is usually too small to be detected, except at extremely low temperatures, and the typical signal is either ionisation charge or scintillation light.
Tracking Viehhauser, Georg; Weidberg, Tony
CRC Press eBooks,
2024, Letnik:
1
Book Chapter
Odprti dostop
Tracking detectors are designed to reconstruct the trajectories of charged particles as they traverse the tracking volume. Usually a magnetic field will be present in this volume. In this field, the ...trajectories will curve and we can reconstruct the momentum of the charged particles from the curvature of the track. From the direction of the curvature we can determine the sign of the charge of the particle.
Particle identification Viehhauser, Georg; Weidberg, Tony
Detectors in Particle Physics,
2024, Letnik:
1
Book Chapter
In this chapter we will look at how we can use the detector techniques we have studied in previous chapters to identify different types of particles. Knowing the type of particle can unlock a ...powerful unambiguous constraint for the kinematics of a particle, as this defines its mass. Furthermore, it defines the flavour, which can be used as a tag to identify the underlying physics process in an event.
