Implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination raised concerns that vaccination could lead to riskier sexual behavior. This study explored how possible differences in sexual behavior and ...HPV knowledge developed over time between HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated girls.
A random sample of 19,939 girls (16-17 year olds) eligible for the catch-up HPV vaccination campaign in the Netherlands was invited for a longitudinal study with questionnaires every 6 months over a two-year follow-up period. Possible differences over time between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were studied using generalized equations estimation (GEE).
A total of 2989 girls participated in round one, of which 1574 participated (52.7%) in the final 5th round. Vaccinated girls were more likely to live in more urban areas (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.10-1.47) and to use alcohol (OR 1.46, 95%CI 1.24-1.70) and contraceptives (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.45-1.97). Vaccinated and unvaccinated girls showed comparable knowledge on HPV, HPV vaccination, and transmission. Vaccinated girls were more likely to be sexually active (OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.02-1.39), and this difference increased over time (OR for interaction 1.06, 95%CI 1.00-1.12). However, they had a slightly lower number of lifetime sexual partners (mean difference - 0.20, 95%CI -0.41-0.00). Vaccinated girls were less likely to use a condom with a steady partner (aOR 0.71, 95%CI 0.56-0.89). However, the difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated girls with regard to condom use with casual or steady partner(s) did not significantly change over time.
Overall, we did not find indications that vaccination influenced sexual behavior in girls during 2 years of follow-up. The few differences found may be related to existing disparities in the socio-demographic characteristics of the young population pointing to the importance and improvement of education with regard to safe sex practices. Our findings do not suggest that vaccination status is associated with changes in sexual risk behavior and thus it is unlikely that this might influence the effectiveness of the vaccination program.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective. To assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth in homelike versus hospital settings and to determine risk factors for the development of ...posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Methods. Multi-center cross-sectional study at midwifery practices, general hospitals and a tertiary (university) referral center. An unselected population of 907 women was invited to complete questionnaires on PTSD, demographic, psychosocial, and obstetric characteristics 2 to 6 months after delivery. Prevalence of PTSD was based on women who met all criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), whereas risk factors were determined using the severity (sum-score) of posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Results. PTSD following childbirth was found in 1.2% of the respondents (5/428 women, response rate 47%), while 9.1% of women (39/428) had experienced the delivery as traumatic. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with unplanned cesarean section, low sense of coherence (coping skills), and high intensity of pain. Initial differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms between home and hospital deliveries disappeared after taking into account the (by definition) uncomplicated nature of home births.
Conclusion. In this Dutch study, 1 in 100 women had PTSD following childbirth, with no differences between home- and hospital deliveries after controlling for complications and interventions. Emergency cesarean section, severe labor pain, and poor coping skills were associated with more posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Women's Sexual Pain Disorders Van Lankveld, Jacques J.D.M.; Granot, Michal; Weijmar Schultz, Willibrord C.M. ...
Journal of sexual medicine,
January 2010, 2010-01, 2010-Jan, 2010-01-01, 20100101, 2010, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1pt2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Women's sexual pain disorders include dyspareunia and vaginismus and there is need for state-of-the-art information in this area.
To update the scientific evidence published in 2004, from the 2nd ...International Consultation on Sexual Medicine pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of women's sexual pain disorders.
An expert committee, invited from six countries by the 3rd International Consultation, was comprised of eight researchers and clinicians from biological and social science disciplines, for the purpose of reviewing and grading the scientific evidence on nosology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of women's sexual pain disorders.
Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, extensive internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.
A comprehensive assessment of medical, sexual, and psychosocial history is recommended for diagnosis and management. Indications for general and focused pelvic genital examination are identified. Evidence-based recommendations for assessment of women's sexual pain disorders are reviewed. An evidence-based approach to management of these disorders is provided.
Continued efforts are warranted to conduct research and scientific reporting on the optimal assessment and management of women's sexual pain disorders, including multidisciplinary approaches. van Lankveld JJDM, Granot M, Weijmar Schultz WCM, Binik YM, Wesselmann U, Pukall CF, Bohm-Starke N, and Achtrari C. Women's sexual pain disorders.
Abstract
Anticonvulsant therapy has occasionally been recommended to treat vulvodynia. However, convincing evidence to support this therapeutic option is lacking. The goal of this study was to ...critically review studies published on the effectiveness of anticonvulsants for the treatment of vulvodynia. Evaluation of the methodological quality of relevant publications was the main outcome measure. MEDLINE, PubMED and Cochrane were used to identify studies published in English between January 1999 and February 2013. Searches were performed between December 2012 and February 2013. Articles were appraised with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine - Levels of Evidence. Eight relevant studies were identified: two case reports, three retrospective studies, two non-randomized prospective studies and one open-label pilot trial study. Gabapentin formed the main focus (87.5%) to reduce vulvar pain; success rates ranged from 50 to 82%. Lamotrigine was used in one study (12.5%) to relieve symptoms; satisfaction was reported in 82%. These results seem promising, but the majority of studies have several methodological weaknesses regarding sample size and design. Insufficient evidence was available to recommend anticonvulsants for the treatment of vulvodynia. Further studies are necessary with double-blind, randomized-controlled designs to investigate the effectiveness of anticonvulsant therapy for vulvodynia.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
: Background: No standard intervention with proved effectiveness is available for women with posttraumatic stress following childbirth because of insufficient research. The objective of this paper ...was to evaluate the possibility of using eye‐movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for women with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder following childbirth. The treatment is internationally recognized as one of the interventions of choice for the condition, but little is known about its effects in women who experienced the delivery as traumatic.
Methods: Three women suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms following the birth of their first child were treated with eye‐movement desensitization and reprocessing during their next pregnancy. Patient A developed posttraumatic stress symptoms following the lengthy labor of her first child that ended in an emergency cesarean section after unsuccessful vacuum extraction. Patient B suffered a second degree vaginal rupture, resulting in pain and inability to engage in sexual intercourse for years. Patient C developed severe preeclampsia postpartum requiring intravenous treatment.
Results: Patients received eye‐movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment during their second pregnancy, using the standard protocol. The treatment resulted in fewer posttraumatic stress symptoms and more confidence about their pregnancy and upcoming delivery compared with before the treatment. Despite delivery complications in Patient A (secondary cesarean section due to insufficient engaging of the fetal head); Patient B (second degree vaginal rupture, this time without subsequent dyspareunia); and Patient C (postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum hypertension requiring intravenous treatment), all three women looked back positively at the second delivery experience.
Conclusions: Treatment with eye‐movement desensitization and reprocessing reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms in these three women. They were all sufficiently confident to attempt vaginal birth rather than demanding an elective cesarean section. We advocate a large‐scale, randomized controlled trial involving women with postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder to evaluate the effect of eye‐movement desensitization and reprocessing in this patient group. (BIRTH 39:1 March 2012)
In the Netherlands, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is part of a national program equally accessible for all girls invited for vaccination. To assess possible inequalities in vaccine uptake, ...we investigated differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated girls with regard to various characteristics, including education and ethnicity, (both associated with non-attendance to the national cervical screening program), sexual behaviour and knowledge of HPV.
In 2010, 19,939 nationwide randomly-selected 16-17 year-old girls (2009 vaccination campaign) were invited to fill out an online questionnaire. A knowledge scale score and multivariable analyses identified variables associated with vaccination status.
2989 (15%) of the selected girls participated (65% vaccinated, 35% unvaccinated). The participants were comparable with regard to education, ethnicity, most sexual risk behaviour and had similar knowledge scores on HPV transmission and vaccination. However, unvaccinated girls lived in more urbanised areas and were more likely to have a religious background. Irrespective of vaccination status, 81% of the girls were aware of the causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer, but the awareness of the necessity of cervical screening despite being vaccinated was limited.
HPV vaccine uptake was not associated with knowledge of HPV and with factors that are known to be associated with non-attendance to the cervical cancer screening program in the Netherlands. Furthermore, most sexual behaviour was not related to vaccination status meaning that teenage unvaccinated girls were not at a disproportionally higher risk of being exposed to HPV. Routine HPV vaccination may reduce the social inequity of prevention of cervical cancer.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
While the debate on diagnostic distinction continues, the DSM-5 combined dyspareunia and vaginismus into the genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. Recent research into the pathophysiology of ...dyspareunia and vaginismus has focused mainly on general pelvic floor pathology, the experience of pain, and cognitive-affective factors, while ignoring female genito-pelvic reflexes. It has not been taken into account that the vaginal canal, with its surrounding musculature, is an active canal capable of genito-pelvic reflexes, and that several of these reflexes might be triggered separately and/or simultaneously during sexual activity. We hypothesize that vaginal reflexive contractions play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder and postulate the genito-pelvic reflex hypothesis, i.e. in acute dyspareunia, primarily voluntary contractions or inadequate relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles predominate to guard against the pain due to vaginal trauma/infection and/or stress/anxiety. In chronic dyspareunia, these voluntary contractions induce increasingly submucosal vaginal damage: contact and pain receptors become more sensitive. The increased sensitivity of the contact receptors induces powerful autonomic reflexive contractions. These autonomic contractions provoke vulvar pain, which causes overreactive pelvic floor muscles. In lifelong vaginismus, autonomic reflexive contractions of the pelvic floor muscles predominate the entire disease process.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Purpose
To assess prevalence and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in fathers after early preeclampsia (PE) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
...Methods
Partners of patients hospitalized for PE or PPROM and partners of healthy controls completed PTSD (PSS-SR) and depression (BDI-II) questionnaires during pregnancy (
t
1
) and 6 weeks postpartum (
t
2
). 85 of the 187 eligible men participated (51 partners of patients, 34 partners of control) at
t
1
, and 66 men participated both time points.
Results
No significant differences were found between partners of patients and partners of controls in symptoms of PTSD and depression (
t
1
:
p
= 0.28 for PTSD and
p
= 0.34 for depression;
t
2
:
p
= 0.08 for PTSD and
p
= 0.31 for depression). For partners of patients, correlation between PTSD and depression sum-scores was 0.48 (
p
< 0.001) at
t
1
and 0.86 (
p
< 0.001) at
t
2
. Within-couple correlation was low and not significant during pregnancy, but strong at postpartum (PSS-SR:
r
= 0.62,
p
< 0.001; BDI-II:
r
= 0.59,
p
< 0.001). Higher paternal age was associated with more symptoms of PTSD and depression postpartum in partners of patients. Symptoms of PTSD and depression during pregnancy predicted the occurrence of PTSD symptoms following childbirth in partners of patients.
Conclusions
Symptoms of PTSD and depression occurred at a similar rate in partners of women with PE or PPROM and partners of healthy pregnant controls. Symptoms of PTSD and depression during pregnancy predicted the occurrence of PTSD symptoms following childbirth. Increased paternal age predicted more symptoms of PTSD and depression postpartum. At 6 weeks postpartum, a strong association was found between men and women in symptoms of PTSD and depression.
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