The objective of our study was to report the incidence of bleeding after imaging-guided percutaneous core biopsy at a single center using a standardized technique.
We performed a retrospective review ...of percutaneous core biopsies performed at our institution from January 2002 through February 2008. Data were collected at the time of biopsy, and clinical information was obtained 24 hours and 3 months after the biopsy. The specific information that was collected included the results of coagulation studies, aspirin use, the organ biopsied, the size of the biopsy needle, and the number of needle passes. Bleeding complications were defined using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, version 3.0) established by the National Cancer Institute.
Among the 15,181 percutaneous core biopsies performed during the study period, 70 hemorrhages (0.5%) that were CTCAE grade 3 or greater were identified within 3 months of biopsy. The incidence of bleeding in patients taking aspirin within 10 days before biopsy was 0.6% (18/3,195), which was not statistically different compared with the incidence of bleeding in those not taking aspirin (52/11,986, 0.4%; p = 0.34). The incidence of bleeding after liver biopsy was 0.5%; kidney biopsy, 0.7%; lung biopsy, 0.2%; pancreas biopsy, 1.0%; and other biopsy, 0.2%. There were significant associations between major bleeding and serum platelet count and international normalized ratio (p < 0.001), although the association between major bleeding and the size of the biopsy needle was not significant (p = 0.97).
The overall incidence of major bleeding after imaging-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy is low. Recent aspirin therapy does not appear to significantly increase the risk of such bleeding complications.
Current paradigms of carcinogenic risk suggest that genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors influence an individual's predilection for developing metastatic breast cancer. Investigations of ...tumor latency and metastasis in mice have illustrated differences between inbred strains, but the possibility that mitochondrial genetic inheritance may contribute to such differences in vivo has not been directly tested. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in mitochondrial-nuclear exchange mice we generated, where cohorts shared identical nuclear backgrounds but different mtDNA genomes on the background of the PyMT transgenic mouse model of spontaneous mammary carcinoma. In this setting, we found that primary tumor latency and metastasis segregated with mtDNA, suggesting that mtDNA influences disease progression to a far greater extent than previously appreciated. Our findings prompt further investigation into metabolic differences controlled by mitochondrial process as a basis for understanding tumor development and metastasis in individual subjects. Importantly, differences in mitochondrial DNA are sufficient to fundamentally alter disease course in the PyMT mouse mammary tumor model, suggesting that functional metabolic differences direct early tumor growth and metastatic efficiency.
Dysfunctional bioenergetics has emerged as a key feature in many chronic pathologies such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This has led to the mitochondrial paradigm in which it has been ...proposed that mtDNA sequence variation contributes to disease susceptibility. In the present study we show a novel animal model of mtDNA polymorphisms, the MNX (mitochondrial-nuclear exchange) mouse, in which the mtDNA from the C3H/HeN mouse has been inserted on to the C57/BL6 nuclear background and vice versa to test this concept. Our data show a major contribution of the C57/BL6 mtDNA to the susceptibility to the pathological stress of cardiac volume overload which is independent of the nuclear background. Mitochondria harbouring the C57/BL6J mtDNA generate more ROS (reactive oxygen species) and have a higher mitochondrial membrane potential relative to those with C3H/HeN mtDNA, independent of nuclear background. We propose this is the primary mechanism associated with increased bioenergetic dysfunction in response to volume overload. In summary, these studies support the 'mitochondrial paradigm' for the development of disease susceptibility, and show that the mtDNA modulates cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial ROS generation and susceptibility to cardiac stress.
Cancer cells tend to utilize aerobic glycolysis even under normoxic conditions, commonly called the "Warburg effect." Aerobic glycolysis often directly correlates with malignancy, but its purpose, if ...any, in metastasis remains unclear. When wild-type KISS1 metastasis suppressor is expressed, aerobic glycolysis decreases and oxidative phosphorylation predominates. However, when KISS1 is missing the secretion signal peptide (ΔSS), invasion and metastasis are no longer suppressed and cells continue to metabolize using aerobic glycolysis. KISS1-expressing cells have 30% to 50% more mitochondrial mass than ΔSS-expressing cells, which are accompanied by correspondingly increased mitochondrial gene expression and higher expression of PGC1α, a master coactivator that regulates mitochondrial mass and metabolism. PGC1α-mediated downstream pathways (i.e., fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation) are differentially regulated by KISS1, apparently reliant upon direct KISS1 interaction with NRF1, a major transcription factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Since the downstream effects could be reversed using short hairpin RNA to KISS1 or PGC1α, these data appear to directly connect changes in mitochondria mass, cellular glucose metabolism, and metastasis.
In this paper, the current state of the art for large-scale InP photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is reviewed with a focus on the devices and technologies that are driving the commercial scaling of ...highly integrated devices. Specifically, the performance, reliability, and manufacturability of commercial 100-Gb/s dense wavelength-division-multiplexed transmitter and receiver PICs are reviewed as well as next- and future-generation devices (500 Gb/s and beyond). The large-scale PIC enables significant reductions in cost, packaging complexity, size, fiber coupling, and power consumption which have enabled benefits at the component and system level.
To compare respiratory artifacts, colonic distention, and polyp detection at computed tomographic (CT) colonography by using single- and multi-detector row helical CT systems.
A total of 237 ...consecutive patients received subcutaneously administered glucagon and underwent prone and supine CT colonography with single-detector row CT (n = 77) and multi-detector row CT (n = 160), followed by colonoscopy. Examination results were graded for colonic distention, respiratory artifacts, and polyp depiction by two radiologists working independently.
Suboptimal colonic distention was significantly more common with single-detector row CT and was present in at least one segment in 52% (40 of 77 patients) of examinations versus only 19% (30 of 160 patients) with multi-detector row CT (P <.001). Mild respiratory artifacts were present in 61% (47 of 77 patients) of single-detector row CT examinations versus only 16% (26 of 160 patients) of multi-detector row CT examinations (P <.001). Depiction of polyps larger than 10 mm was 89% (eight of nine polyps) for single-detector row CT and 80% (eight of 10 polyps) for multi-detector row CT (P >.05).
CT colonography performed with multi-detector row CT significantly improved the demonstration of colonic distention and depicted fewer respiratory artifacts compared with single-detector row CT. No significant differences in the depiction of polyps larger than 10 mm were demonstrated between single- and multi-detector row CT for a small number of polyps. Studies with a larger prevalence of clinically important polyps are needed for further evaluation of differences in polyp detection.
We report here the first demonstration of a large-scale monolithically integrated InP-based 10-channel 45.6-Gb/s per channel transmitter photonic integrated circuit employing polarization-multiplexed ...differential quadrature phase-shift keying modulation format.
High fecal hand contamination among wilderness hikers Kellogg, Dylan S., BA; Rosenbaum, Paula F., PhD; Kiska, Deanna L., PhD ...
American journal of infection control,
11/2012, Letnik:
40, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Information about hand hygiene and fecal hand contamination among the general public is limited. Hands are an important vector in transmission of various pathogenic bacteria. We found high (31%) ...prevalence of fecal hand contamination among healthy adults engaged in hiking.
The mitochondrial paradigm for common disease proposes that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation can contribute to disease susceptibility and progression. To test this concept, we developed ...the Mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange (MNX) model, in which isolated embryonic pronuclei from one strain of species are implanted into an enucleated embryo of a different strain of the same species (
, C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN,
)
generating a re-constructed zygote harboring nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from different strains. Two-cell embryos are transferred to the ostia of oviducts in CD-1 pseudopregnant mice and developed to term. Nuclear genotype and mtDNA haplotype are verified in offspring, and females selected as founders for desired MNX colonies. By utilizing MNX models, many new avenues for the
study for mitochondrial and nuclear genetics, or mito-Mendelian genetics, are now possible.
System-on-Chip Photonic Integrated Circuits Kish, Fred; Lal, Vikrant; Evans, Peter ...
IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics,
2018-Jan.-Feb., 2018-1-00, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Key advances which enabled the InP photonic integrated circuit (PIC) and the subsequent progression of InP PICs to fully integrated multichannel DWDM system-on-chip (SOC) PICs are described. ...Furthermore, the current state-of-the-art commercial multichannel SOC PICs are reviewed as well as key trends and technologies for the future of InP-based PICs in optical communications.
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